Structure and electrical properties of Nd2O3-doped 0.82Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.18Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics

Nd₂O₃ doped 0.82Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–0.18Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃ (abbreviated to BNKT) binary lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by the conventional mixed-oxide method. The results show that the BNKT ceramics with 0–0.15 wt.% Nd₂O₃ doping possesses a single perovskite phase with rhombohedral structure. The grain size of BNKT decreased with the addition of Nd₂O₃ dopant. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant ?_r revealed that there were two-phase transitions from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric. A diffuse character was proved by linear fitting of the modified Curie–Weiss law. At room temperature, the specimens containing 0.0125 wt.% Nd₂O₃ with homogeneous microstructure presented excellent electrical properties: the piezoelectric constant d₃₃ = 134 pC/N, the electromechanical coupling factor K_p = 0.27, and the dielectric constant ?_r = 925 (1 kHz).     

Phase formation of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE: Y0.5Gd0.5, Y0.5Nd0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) superconductors from nanopowders synthesised via co-precipitation

Phase formation of REBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (RE: Y_0.5Gd_0.5, Y_0.5Nd_0.5, Nd_0.5Gd_0.5) superconductors synthesised via co-precipitation (COP) method were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. All samples showed identical thermal decomposition behaviour from the thermogram in which 5 major weight losses were observed. However, XRD of the samples at different heat treatment temperatures showed different diffraction patterns indicating different thermolytic processes. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy and surface area analysis revealed that the powders obtained from COP have particle sizes ranging from 7 to 12 nm with relatively large surface area. Molar ratios of prepared samples obtained were near to the theoretical values as confirmed by elemental analyses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The T_C(R=0) for sintered YGd, YNd and NdGd were 87 K, 86 K and 90 K, respectively. Surface morphological study via scanning electron microscope showed the structures of samples were dense and non porous.     

Al2O3包覆LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法在LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2表面包覆一层Al2O3,采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对材料的结构和形貌及电化学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,经过包覆后,有效地抑制了电解液对正极材料的侵蚀,包覆量为1.0%(质量分数)放电容量略有提高,循环性能也得到明显改善。因此包覆是一种改善LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2材料的电化学性能的有效方法。     

Effect of SrZrO3 on phase structure and electrical properties of 0.974(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.026Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

(0.974−x)(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃–0.026Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃–xSrZrO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by the conventional solid state sintering method. Systematic investigation on the microstructure, crystalline structures as well as electrical properties of the ceramics was carried out. With the addition of SrZrO₃, the rhombohedral–orthorhombic phase transition temperature of the ceramics increases. Both the rhombohedral–orthorhombic and orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transitions of the ceramics were modified to be around room temperature when x~0.05, and as a result remarkably strong piezoelectricity has been obtained in 0.924(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃–0.026Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃–0.05SrZrO₃ ternary system, whose piezoelectric parameters were d₃₃=324 pC/N and k_p=41%.     

Microstructure and electrical properties of (Na0.5K0.5)1−2xMgxNbO3–Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

0.975[(Na_0.5K_0.5)_1−2xMg_xNbO₃]–0.025(Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃) (KNMN–BNT, x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by the conventional solid-state sintering method. The dependence of Mg content on the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics is investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that an appropriate amount of Mg diffused into the KNN–BNT lattice to form a stable solid solution, the ceramics possessed a pure perovskite structure, and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases was observed with the composition of 0.02≤x≤0.05. The orthorhombic–tetragonal transition temperature (T_O–T) is less than 95 °C and the Curie temperature (T_c) is almost unchanged (~360 °C) with the increase of MgO content. The ceramics with x=0.02 showed enhanced piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties because of close proximity to the MPB, i.e., d₃₃~210 pC/N, k_p~0.41, 2E_c~22.4 kV/cm and 2P_r~39.2 μC/cm². Moreover, the dielectric properties exhibited optimal effects with x=0.02, that is ε_r~637 and tan δ~0.09. These results indicate that the introduction of MgO is an effective method to improve the density as well as the electrical properties and the temperature stability of the KNN–BNT ceramics. As a result, the KNMN–BNT ceramic is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials.     

(1-x)Li0.05(K0.5Na0.5)0.95NbO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了(1-x)Li0.05(K0.5Na0.5)0.95NbO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3(LKNN-BNT)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了BNT的添加量x(0,0.005,0.01,0.02)对LKNN-BNT陶瓷的结构与电性能影响。X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明当x≤0.005时,陶瓷为正交钙钛矿结构,而当x≥0.01时,陶瓷则转变为四方钙钛矿结构,说明该陶瓷的多型相转变(PPT)区域为0.005相似文献   

铁钕掺杂K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的压电介电性能

采用传统陶瓷制备技术制备了新型的K0.5Na0.5NbO3+0.2%molFe2O3+x%molNd2O3压电陶瓷,研究了该体系陶瓷的压电性能及介电性能。研究结果表明,在烧结温度为1120℃、4 h时,该体系陶瓷均具有相对较好的电学性能,并在x为0.2时性能最佳,其压电常数d33为125pC/N,机电耦合系数Kp为37%,机械品质因素Qm为155,介电常数εr为561,介质损耗tanδ为0.08。     

Eu掺杂对Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15陶瓷电磁性能的影响

用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi5–xEuxFe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15(BEFCT–x:x=0,0.35,0.55,0.85)陶瓷样品,对比研究了它们的结构和电磁性能。X射线衍射分析表明:掺杂未导致明显杂相,材料的剩余极化(2Pr)随掺杂量的增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在Eu掺杂量为0.55时,材料的2Pr达到最大值,为11.2μC/cm2,升幅达143%,可以由Eu掺杂导致氧空位的抑制和铋氧层的破坏所形成的竞争机制解释。随Eu含量的增加,材料的剩余磁化单调上升,最大达到0.28 A m2/kg,比未掺杂时增加了2个数量级,从晶格失配、耦合增强以及共生结构等方面的综合效果解释了这一现象。材料的介电温度谱显示,Eu掺杂未明显损害材料的热稳定性,Eu掺杂所导致的介电损耗行为可能与氧空位或其他点缺陷有关联。     

新型有机-无机杂化物(TB0.5Zr0.5H0.5PW)催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛反应

通过离子交换法制备了系列季铵盐锆盐共掺杂磷钨酸催化剂,利用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、XPS、TGA-DTG以及正丁胺电位法等技术手段对催化剂结构、酸度进行表征,并对其催化缩醛反应性能进行研究。考察了催化剂用量、醇醛摩尔比、带水剂量和反应时间对苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛产率的影响。研究表明,TB_0.5Zr_0.5H_0.5PW(TB为四丁基溴化铵)固体酸催化剂具有优异的催化性能,催化剂强的Bronsted酸性、Bronsted与Lewis酸中心间的协同效应及“假液相”特性是该催化剂具有高活性的原因。以TB_0.5Zr_0.5H_0.5PW为催化剂,经响应面优化所得苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛最佳制备工艺条件为：乙二醇与苯甲醛摩尔比1.5:1,TB_0.5Zr_0.5H_0.5PW用量为苯甲醛质量的1.9%,反应时间3 h,带水剂环己烷量12.6 mL,该条件下苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛产率为94.6%。TB_0.5Zr_0.5H_0.5PW固体酸催化剂在重复使用6次后仍然表现出优异的催化性能,表明该催化剂具有较好的工业应用前景。关键词：磷钨酸;季铵盐;缩醛反应;苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛;催化技术 中图分类号：TQ655 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 01-0000-00     

Zn0.76Co0.24S/孪晶Mn0.5Cd0.5S同质异质结光催化产氢性能

采用水热法制备了孪晶Zn_0.76Co_0.24S (T-MCS)固溶体，随后借助原位水热法获得Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S/T-MCS纳米异质结光催化剂。结果表明：Zn_0.76Co_0.24S固溶体是六方纤锌矿Zn_0.76Co_0.24S (WZ-MCS)及立方闪锌矿Zn_0.76Co_0.24S (ZB-MCS)交替形成的孪晶同质结；引入Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S可增强体系光响应能力，提高表面载流子数量，其中3%Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S/T-MCS异质结在Na2S/Na2SO3混合溶液中的产氢速率可达132.9 mmol/(g·h)(300W氙灯，λ>420 nm)，分别是Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S和T-MCS的332.2倍和1.9倍。能带结构分析发现，WZ...     

植物油基Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4磁流体的黏度特性及磁黏特性

以矿物油为基液的油基磁流体存在环境污染、难以生物降解的问题。植物油具有绿色环保、生物降解性强等优点。本文以植物油为基液，利用两步法制备了Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄磁流体，应用正交实验研究了沉降稳定性，采用单一变量法研究了黏度特性及磁黏特性。其结果表明：以丙酮为分散剂，质量分数为11%,Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄质量分数为2.4%时，沉降稳定性较佳；在零磁场/磁场条件下，黏度随温度的升高而降低；黏度随分散剂和Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄质量分数的增大而先增大后减小，分别在分散剂质量分数为11%时和Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄质量分数为2.4%时出现拐点；黏度随磁场强度的增大而增大，呈非牛顿流体的特征。植物油是磁流体基液的一种理想选...     

Cd0.5Zn0.5S/N-g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能的研究

采用两步水热法制备了分散性较好的镉锌硫基/氮掺杂氮化碳(Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/N-g-C₃N₄)复合催化剂。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和X射线衍射仪对所制备的催化剂微观形貌和结构进行表征,并通过瞬态光电流法和气相色谱仪对其产氢性能进行分析。结果表明,Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/N-g-C₃N₄复合催化剂具有较好的催化性能,产氢速率为20.431μmol/h, Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/N-g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂有较高的氧化还原电势和电荷载体的快速迁移能力。     

Structural and magnetic properties of Pr–Ni substituted Ca0.5Ba0.5Fe12O19 hexa-ferrite nanoparticles

Effect of Pr–Ni substitution on structural and magnetic properties of Ca_0.5Ba_0.5−xPr_xNi_yFe_12−yO₁₉ (x=0.00–0.10 and y=0.00–1.00) prepared by the sol–gel auto combustion method were investigated. The XRD analysis confirmed the single phase M-type hexa-ferrite structure. The lattice parameters were found to increase as Pr–Ni content increases, which is attributed to the ionic size of the implicated cations. The Pr–Ni seems to be completely soluble in the lattice. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the grain size decreases with increase of Pr–Ni substitution. The coercivity and remanent magnetization ranges from 1511 to 1925 (Oe) and 21.4 to 26.5 (emu/g), respectively. The coercivity values of all the samples fall in the range of M-type hexa-ferrites.     

One-step synthesis of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 fine-patterned films via photosensitive sol–gel route

Ni_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄ (NZFO) (x=0.0–0.7) films were prepared by a photosensitive sol–gel route utilizing nickel acetate, zinc acetate and ferric nitrate as starting materials. The saturation magnetization of the NZFO film showed a parabolic tendency with Zn substitution. For Zn substitution of 0.5, the saturation magnetization reached the maximum value of 683 emu/cm³ with a relative low coercivity of 56 Oe at room temperature. The phase constituents and surface morphology of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through a direct patterning process, a fine-patterned Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ film was obtained by a photochemical reaction between the chelated complexes and UV light.     

Creep behaviour of tubular Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ gas separation membranes

The creep behaviour of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ (BSCF) membrane material was investigated in the temperature range 600-950 °C using tubular specimens. Oxygen partial pressure (4 and 2 × 10⁻⁶ mbar), as well as compressive stress (20-63 MPa) were varied. The steady state strain rates from compressive creep tests under axial loading were described by a standard creep equation considering as exponential fitting parameters the influence of temperature, stress, oxygen partial pressure and grain size. Differences in activation energy in the low and high temperature regime appeared to be associated with the disappearance of a second phase. After the creep tests, no significant changes in grain morphology were observed. In addition to the compressive tests, C-ring shaped specimens were machined from the tubes and deformed at 900 °C in a combined tensile-compressive creep mode that revealed the formation of pores along grain boundaries normal to the local tensile stresses that ultimately might lead to creep rupture.     

Co2O3掺杂对(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3+xmol%Co3+(BNKT-xCo,x=0-8)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Co2O3掺杂对BNKT陶瓷的显微结构与电学性能的影响。研究表明:适量的Co2O3掺杂促进了晶粒生长,纯BNKT陶瓷样品在介电温谱上有2个介电反常峰Td和Tm,Co2O3掺杂后使所有陶瓷样品的第一个介电反常峰Td消失,表明Co3+抑制铁电-反铁电相变。室温下样品的介电、铁电和压电性能表明Co2O3起硬性掺杂效应。当x=7时陶瓷样品电性能最佳,其中机械品质因子Qm=498,介电损耗tanδ=2.3%(1kHz),压电常数d33=103pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=27%。     

Excess conductivity in Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2(Ca2−yMgy)(Cu0.5Zn2.5)O10−δ superconductor

Synthesis and characterization of Cu_0.5Tl_0.5Ba₂(Ca_2−yMg_y)(Cu_0.5Zn_2.5)O_10−δ (y=0, 1.0, and 1.5) superconductor with 0%, 50%, and 75% Mg-doping at the Ca sites are reported. The samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dc-resistivity (ρ) and fluctuation induced conductivity (FIC) analysis. The zero resistivity critical temperature {T_c(R=0)} was decreased with the increase of Mg-doping at Ca sites. The microscopic parameters such as the cross-over temperature (T_o), zero temperature coherence length {ξ_c(0)} and interlayer coupling (J) were deduced from FIC analysis. According to Aslamazov Larkin equations, a distinct cross-over temperature (T_o1) from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) fluctuation induced conductivity regions was observed in all samples. Another cross-over temperature (T_o2) from 2D to zero-dimensional (0D) fluctuations was also witnessed. FIC analysis revealed the deterioration of superconductivity with increased Mg-content.     

Ca0.95-xCu0.05(Na0.5Bi0.5)xMoO4微波介质陶瓷的制备及性能

随着当下5G和6G技术的高速发展,开发出具有适中的介电常数,较高的品质因数,接近0的谐振频率温度系数的陶瓷已是当下研究的重点。通过固相法制备Ca_0.95–xCu_0.05(Na_0.5B_i0.5)_xMo O₄微波介质陶瓷,研究烧结温度和组分变化对陶瓷微波介电性能的影响。当烧结温度为640℃、x为0.5时综合微波介电性能较好,此时陶瓷的ε_r=15.8,Q_f=21 361 GHz,τ_f=?3.8×10^?6/℃。通过X射线衍射仪、Raman光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了微波介电性能变化的机理。Ca_0.45Cu_0.05(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.5Mo O₄陶瓷与Al电极共烧结果显示有较好的相容性,表明Ca_0.95?xCu_...     

Magnetic and magnetotransport properties of La1−xSrxMn0.5Сo0.5O3 perovskites

La_1?xSr_xMn_0.5Сo_0.5O₃ (x ≤ 0.75) perovskites have been studied as a function of temperature by neutron powder diffraction (NPD), magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements. The NPD data show that x = 0.15 and 0.5 compounds are stoichiometric, so the Sr²⁺ doping transforms Co²⁺ ions into the Co³⁺ ones, whereas manganese ions remain in the 4+ oxidation state as in the parent ferromagnetic compound ${\mathrm{LaCo}}_{\mathrm{0.5}}^{\mathrm{2}+}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{0.5}}^{\mathrm{4}+}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}$. The magnetization data show a decrease in the Curie temperature from 215 K for the compound with x = 0 down to 147 K for the compound with x = 0.05. The compounds with x > 0.15 show an increase in T_C up to 260 K (x = 0.75) in spite of a gradual decrease of the spontaneous magnetization. The stoichiometric compound x = 0.5 demonstrates a sharp ferromagnet-paramagnet transition with T_C = 250 K. However, there is no visible coherent magnetic contribution to the NPD patterns. All compounds are semiconductors and exhibit large magnetoresistance gradually increasing with decrease of temperature. The magnetic data have been interpreted assuming that the Co³⁺ ions are in high spin state, however, there is a fraction of cobalt ions in low spin state. It is suggested that the superexchange interaction between Co³⁺ ions in the high spin state and Mn⁴⁺ ions is ferromagnetic and that the ferromagnetism of the compounds with x > 0.5 and high T_C is associated with positive exchange interactions between Co³⁺ being in high spin state and Mn⁴⁺ ions distributed within the short range regions. Based on the NPD results and magnetization data the magnetic phase diagram has been constructed.