A wideband current-commutating passive mixer for multi-standard receivers in a 0.18 μm CMOS

This paper reports a wideband passive mixer for direct conversion multi-standard receivers.A brief comparison between current-commutating passive mixers and active mixers is presented.The effect of source and load impedance on the linearity of a mixer is analyzed.Specially,the impact of the input impedance of the transimpedance amplifier(TIA),which acts as the load impedance of a mixer,is investigated in detail.The analysis is verified by a passive mixer implemented with 0.18 m CMOS technology.The circuit is inductorless and can operate over a broad frequency range.On wafer measurements show that,with radio frequency(RF) ranges from 700 MHz to 2.3 GHz,the mixer achieves 21 dB of conversion voltage gain with a-1 dB intermediate frequency(IF) bandwidth of 10 MHz.The measured IIP3 is 9 dBm and the measured double-sideband noise figure(NF) is 10.6 dB at 10 MHz output.The chip occupies an area of 0.19 mm2 and drains a current of 5.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply.     

A wide band up-conversion mixer for cable television tuner

An up-conversion mixer implemented in a 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for a double conversion cable TV tuner is described, The mixer converts the 100MHz to 1000MHz band to the Intermediate Frequency of 1GHz above. The mixer meets the linearity and noise figure requirements for a TV tuner. The noise figure （IF） of 19.2-17.5dB, ldB compression of 12.1dBm, and gain of-1-0.7dB in the 900MHz band are achieved at a supply voltage of 5V. The power consumption is 47mW.     

An ultra-broadband distributed passive gate-pumped mixer in 0.18μm CMOS

A broadband distributed passive gate-pumped mixer(DPGM) using standard 0.18μm CMOS technology is presented.By employing distributed topology,the mixer can operate at a wide frequency range.In addition,a fourth-order low pass filter is applied to improve the port-to-port isolation.This paper also analyzes the impedance match and conversion loss of the mixer,which consumes zero dc power and exhibits a measured conversion loss of 9.4—17 dB from 3 to 40 GHz with a compact size of 0.78 mm~2.The input referred 1 dB compression point is higher than 4 dBm at a fixed IF frequency of 500 MHz and RF frequency of 23 GHz,and the measured RF-to-LO, RF-to-IF and LO-to-IF isolations are better than 21,38 and 45 dB,respectively.The mixer is suitable for WLAN, UWB,Wi-Max,automotive radar systems and other millimeter-wave radio applications.     

应用于DRM/DAB系统的高转换增益及线性度优化的新结构混频器

This paper focuses on a new design of a down-conversion mixer for a low-IF wideband receiver.Based on the folded structure and differential multiple gated transistor(DMGTR) technique,a novel quadrature mixer with a high conversion gain,a moderate linearity,and a moderate NF is proposed.The mixer is designed and implemented in a 0.18-m CMOS process,and can operate in a frequency range from 150 kHz to 1.5 GHz.The circuit performance is confirmed by both simulation and measurement results.The measurement results exhibit a peak conversion gain of 13.35 dB,a high third order input referred intercept point of 14.85 dBm,and a moderate single side band noise figure of 10.67 dB.Moreover,the whole quadrature mixer core occupies a compact die area of 0.122 mm2.It consumes a current of 3.96 mA(excluding the output buffers) under a single supply voltage of 1.8 V.     

A 2.1-6 GHz SiGe BiCMOS low-noise amplifier design for a multi-mode wideband receiver

正A wideband low-noise amplifier(LNA) with ESD protection for a multi-mode receiver is presented.The LNA is fabricated in a 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS process,covering the 2.1 to 6 GHz frequency band.After optimized noise modeling and circuit design,the measured results show that the LNA has a 12 dB gain over the entire bandwidth, the input third intercept point(IIP3) is -8 dBm at 6 GHz,and the noise figure is from 2.3 to 3.8 dB in the operating band.The overall power consumption is 8 mW at 2.5 V voltage supply.     

A reconfigurable passive mixer for multimode multistandard receivers in 0.18 μm CMOS

This paper presents a reconfigurable quadrature passive mixer for multimode multistandard receivers. By using controllable transconductor and transimpedance-amplifier stages, the voltage conversion gain of the mixer is reconfigured according to the requirement of the selected communication standard Other characteristics such as noises figure, linearity and power consumption are also reconfigured consequently. The design concept is verified by implementing a quadrature passive mixer in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. On wafer measurement results show that, with the input radio frequency ranges from 700 MHz to 2.3 GHz, the mixer achieves a controllable voltage conversion gain from 4 to 22 dB with a step size of 6 dB. The measured maximum ⅡP3 is 8.5 dBm and the minimum noise figure is 8.0 dB. The consumed current for a single branch (I or Q) ranges from 3.1 to 5.6 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage. The chip occupies an area of 0.71 mm² including pads.     

应用于IMT-A与UWB系统的高线性度双频带混频器

The design and analysis of a reconfigurable dual-band down-conversion mixer for IMT-advanced(3.4–3.6 GHz) and UWB(4.2–4.8 GHz) applications are presented.Based on a folded double-balanced Gilbert cell,which is well known for its low voltage,simplicity and well balanced performance,the mixer adopts a capacitive cross-coupling technique for input matching and performance improvement.Switched capacitors and resistors are added to shift the working bands.Fabricated in a TSMC 0.13 m process,the test results show flat conversion gains from 9.6 to 10.3 d B on the IMT-A band and from 9.7 to 10.4 d B on the UWB band,with a noise figure of about 15 d B on both bands.The input third-order intercept points(IIP3) are about 7.3 d Bm on both of the frequency bands.The whole chip consumes 11 m W under 1.2 V supply and the total area of the layout is 0.760.65 mm2.     

Design and optimization of a 2.4 GHz RF front-end with an on-chip balun

A 2.4 GHz low-power,low-noise and highly linear receiver front-end with a low noise amplifier(LNA) and balun optimization is presented.Direct conversion architecture is employed for this front-end.The on-chip balun is designed for single-to-differential conversion between the LNA and the down-conversion mixer,and is optimized for the best noise performance of the front-end.The circuit is implemented with 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology.The front-end has three gain steps for maximization of the input dynamic range.The overall maximum gain is about 36 dB.The double-sideband noise figure is 3.8 dB in high gain mode and the input referred third-order intercept point is 12.5 dBm in low gain mode.The down-conversion mixer has a tunable parallel R-C load at the output and an emitter follower is used as the output stage for testing purposes.The total front-end dissipation is 33 mW under a 2.85 V supply and occupies a 0.66 mm~2 die size.     

Low power high gain gain-controlled LNA and mixer for GNSS receivers Wei Binbin(魏斌斌)1, Jiang Jinguang(江金光)1,2,3*

A low power high gain gain-controlled LNA ＋ mixer for GNSS receivers is reported. The high gain LNA is realized with a current source load. Its gain-controlled ability is achieved using a programmable bias circuit. Taking advantage of the high gain LNA, a high noise figure passive mixer is adopted. With the passive mixer, low power consumption and high voltage gain of the LNA ＋ mixer are achieved. To fully investigate the performance of this circuit, comparisons between a conventional LNA ＋ mixer, a previous low power LNA ＋ mixer, and the proposed LNA ＋ mixer are presented. The circuit is implemented in 0.18 #m mixed-signal CMOS technology. A 3.8 dB noise figure, an overall 45 dB converge gain and a 10 dB controlled gain range of the two stages are measured. The chip occupies 0.24 mm2 and consumes 2 mA current under 1.8 V supply.     

A RF receiver frontend for SC-UWB in a 0.18-μm CMOS process

正A radio frequency(RF) receiver frontend for single-carrier ultra-wideband(SC-UWB) is presented. The front end employs direct-conversion architecture,and consists of a differential low noise amplifier(LNA),a quadrature mixer,and two intermediate frequency(IF) amplifiers.The proposed LNA employs source inductively degenerated topology.First,the expression of input impedance matching bandwidth in terms of gate-source capacitance, resonant frequency and target S_(11) is given.Then,a noise figure optimization strategy under gain and power constraints is proposed,with consideration of the integrated gate inductor,the bond-wire inductance,and its variation.The LNA utilizes two stages with different resonant frequencies to acquire flat gain over the 7.1-8.1 GHz frequency band,and has two gain modes to obtain a higher receiver dynamic range.The mixer uses a double balanced Gilbert structure.The front end is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-/im RF CMOS process and occupies an area of 1.43 mm~2.In high and low gain modes,the measured maximum conversion gain are 42 dB and 22 dB,input 1 dB compression points are -40 dBm and -20 dBm,and S_(11) is better than -18 dB and -14.5 dB.The 3 dB IF bandwidth is more than 500 MHz.The double sideband noise figure is 4.7 dB in high gain mode.The total power consumption is 65 mW from a 1.8 V supply.     

A wideband vertical transition between co-planar waveguide and parallel-strip transmission line

A wideband vertical transition between co-planar waveguide (CPW) and parallel strip transmission line is presented. It functions as an unbalanced-to-balanced (balun) transformer as well. The transition is realized in back-to-back configurations for 50 /spl Omega/ and 75 /spl Omega/ characteristic impedance cases to verify their transition performances. The CPW-parallel strip-CPW transitions are found to have distinct resonant frequencies where the length of the parallel strips is equal to multiples of half wavelength, which is not characteristic of a single transition, but a result of two CPW-parallel strip transitions interacting with each other. Away from the resonant frequencies, the back-to-back configurations have low insertion loss over wide frequency band.     

New Coaxial-to-Stripline Transformers Using Rectangular Lines (Correspondence)

The most common form of coaxial-to-stripline transition consists of a simple inline butt joint, as described by Barrett. A typical transition between a 50-ohm high-Q triplate and a standard N-type connector is shown in Fig. 1. This gives a VSWR<1.15 at frequencies up to 7000 Mc deteriorating to 1.25 at higher frequencies up to 11,000 Mc. While these results are acceptable for many types of stripline components and assemblies, it was felt that the design of a better transition would be necessary in order both to test and to maintain the performance of high grade components (e.g., hybrids, directional couplers, and filters) and to avoid the manufacture of a special stripline standing-wave detector.     

High-frequency analysis of the Ellipticus antenna

Efficient numerical solution techniques have been developed and used to examine the electromagnetic fields that can be developed in the working volume of the CW Ellipticus antenna operated at frequencies from 100 kHz to 1 GHz. An exponentially tapered transition section is designed to obtain the desired illumination pattern in the working volume. The input transition section is needed for impedance matching and to drive efficiently the Ellipticus antenna. A parametric study is performed to ascertain the performance of the Ellipticus antenna for frequencies up to 1 GHz     

Geometric birefringence in fibres due to asymmetric cladding

A simple and accurate method is devised to calculate the geometric birefringence of optical fibres with asymmetric claddings. The method gives analytical results near the cutoff or transition frequencies of the guided modes. It is found that some asymmetric claddings cannot be used to introduce birefringence effects near the cutoff or transition frequencies.     

新型宽带GCPW射频传输转换

本文提出了一种新型宽带GCPW(Grounded Coplanar Waveguide,地面共面波导)射频传输转换结构,用于解决两个不同平面背靠背式的GCPW射频传输转换。首先将GCPW转换为CPW,宽带共面波导的传输转换是通过金带连接的方式实现传输平面的转换。在工作频率为2GHz—17.5GHz,带宽为15.5GHz的条件下,这种传输转换形式实现了传输损耗小于0.5d B,回波损耗大于16.7d B。这种传输方式较好的解决了较大间距背靠背式GCPW射频信号的传输转换,而且过渡结构简单,尺寸小,工程上容易实现。     

A Broadband CPW-to-Microstrip Modes Coupling Technique

A broadband vertical transition from coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-microstrip modes is presented. The transition has a double resonance and can be tuned for very wide-band operation. The CPW-to-microstrip modes coupling technique is useful for the vertical integration of multi-layer millimeter-wave circuits, packaging and antenna feeding networks. A vertical transition has been fabricated on 100 μm silicon substrate for operation at W-band frequencies and shows less than 0.3 dB of insertion loss and better than 12 dB of return loss from 75 to 110 GHz. A 94 GHz CPW-fed microstrip antenna showing a 10-dB bandwidth of about 30 % has been built using the same transition technique.     

A 340–380 GHz Integrated CB-CPW-to-Waveguide Transition for Sub Millimeter-Wave MMIC Packaging

In this letter, a rectangular waveguide to conductor backed-coplanar waveguide electromagnetic transition suitable of operating at sub-millimeter wave frequencies is demonstrated. The dipole based transition is fabricated using InP monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology. The compact transition eliminates wire-bonding problems (return loss and insertion loss) and is suitable for direct integration of sub-millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuits. Measured transition loss of $sim$ 1 dB has been achieved in the frequency range of 340 to 380 GHz.      

Magnetostatic waves in a tangentially magnetized ferrite plate with a normal uniaxial anisotropy under the conditions for orientational transition

Propagation of magnetostatic waves in a tangentially magnetized ferrite plate with a normal uniaxial anisotropy under the conditions for the orientational phase transition of the second order is considered. Dispersion relations for quasi-surface and quasi-volume magnetostatic waves with the wave vector arbitrarily oriented in the plane of the plate have been obtained. The limiting frequencies of the regions of existence of both modes have been determined and the dependences of these frequencies on the anisotropy field and wave-vector orientation have been investigated.     

A Broad-Band Model for a Coaxial-to-Stripline Transition

This paper investigates a significant source of error encountered when characterizing a circuit element embedded in a stripline circuit at microwave frequencies. The errors introduced by the coaxial-to-stripline transition are examined and a frequency-independent model is developed for the transition over the band 2-12 GHz. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated experimentally by measuring a known load consisting of a short length of high-impedance line terminated in a short circuit.     

Transition to pulsed operation in short external-cavity FMsemiconductor lasers

Conditions are established for the occurrence of a transition from FM operation to pulsed output in short external-cavity FM semiconductor lasers. It is shown that there are dual operating points around which FM operation is possible. The position of the modulation frequency in relation to these two FM operating frequencies determines the type of behavior exhibited by the configuration. In particular, pulsed and mixed pulsed-FM behavior is observed when the modulation frequency is between the two possible FM operating frequencies