数模混合电路故障字典生成技术的研究

复杂装备中复杂模拟和数模混合电路的应用,在提升装备性能的同时,也对电路故障诊断提出了更高的挑战;通过研究数模混合电路故障仿真和信号处理等关键技术,实现了具有标准文件数量、内容和格式的故障字典自动生成功能;故障字典具有规范性和实用性等特点,可有效解决当前模拟和数模电路故障诊断存在的问题,提高故障诊断效率;试验验证表明,文中所述技术具有很好的实用与推广价值。     

基于PXI总线的便携式引进装备通用电路板故障诊断仪的设计

为提高引进装备的自主维修保障能力,针对引进导弹装备模拟电路板、数字电路板和数模混合电路板的特点,设计了适合各型板卡安装的安装平台,构建了基于PXI总线的一体化硬件诊断资源平台;运用基于电压/电流的复合故障诊断方法及深浅知识推理机相结合的故障诊断策略完成故障诊断;研制了一型便携式通用电路板故障诊断仪;该诊断仪系统结构紧凑,使用灵活,携带方便,能够有效完成引进导弹装备中的数字电路、模拟电路和数模混合电路快速、精确的故障诊断,诊断精度可定位至器件管脚。     

模拟电路故障字典开发平台

针对模拟电路板故障诊断和维修中存在的困难,引入基于故障字典法的模拟电路故障字典开发平台,该平台集成了电路模型图形化输入、元器件故障自动插入、交流频率自动选取、诊断测试点优选等关键技术,通过对电路的自动仿真与数据分析实现了模拟电路故障诊断用故障字典的自动生成;通过结合实际模拟电路板验证表明,应用陔平台可有效避免传统依赖人工分析进行故障诊断遇到的各种难题,对提高模拟电路板故障诊断效率以及实现模拟电路板的自动测试都具有重要意义。     

板级电路测试诊断技术研究及典型设备研制

针对某典型弹载单机及其板级电路进行测试与故障诊断技术研究,利用模拟电路无损伤自动化测试技术,结合性能监测、故障定位与模糊故障诊断算法等方面的研究,进行典型电路测试设备的研制,并对研制过程中遇到的难点进行分析;主要研究内容包括:模拟电路故障诊断算法研究、板级电路测试点规划、探针板卡及夹具的设计、数据采集系统的设计选型、信号调理电路的设计实现及软件系统的模块化设计等,最终实现板级电路测试诊断设备的研制;实测选择某型军用产品板级电路为测试对象,结合工程上易于实现的故障字典法,根据测试点测量得到的响应向量计算隶属度大小,进而准确实现了数字电路和模拟电路故障的定位。     

基于多种群量子粒子群聚类的模拟电路故障诊断算法设计

为了提高传统模拟电路故障诊断算法的故障诊断精确度和故障诊断效率,设计了一种基于多种群量子粒子群聚类的模拟电路故障诊断算法;首先,采用多种群量子粒子群算法实现特征参数优化,将最优粒子中的非0维度作为选择的最优特征属性,得到最优特征选择集,然后采用马氏距离作为数据样本相似度的度量方式,设计了基于马氏距离的聚类方法实现对模拟电路的故障进行有效诊断,该诊断方法能在线样本不断增加的情况,自适应地增加聚类的个数即故障诊断的类别数,且无需训练参数;仿真实验表明,文中方法能有效实现模拟电路的故障诊断,尤其是能满足在线故障诊断需求,与其它方法相比,具有故障诊断精度和效率高的优点.     

基于频率特性的模拟电路故障诊断研究

由于模拟电路存在容差性、元件参数连续可变性和非线性等因素,且实际中也受到可测试点数量的限制,基于传统模拟电路故障诊断法在实际工程中难以取得理想的效果。而神经网络具有容错性、泛化能力和非线性处理能力等特点,本文针对雷达电路的故障进行快速有效的特征提取,构造神经网络样本,并结合电路的频率特性来解决模拟电路故障诊断中存在的问题。     

模拟测试交换格式的研究与实现

为提高自动测试系统对模拟电路故障诊断的效率和水平,研究定义一种模拟电路测试交换机制,为基于模拟仿真测试程序集(TPS)开发和数据的传递提供信息和数据格式;通过Spice对电路进行仿真,将仿真数据进行小波分析提取特征,并由BPN、SVM、AIS进行知识生成与评价,最终实现ATIF文件自动生成;实验将ATIF文件解析导入到后处理环境中由测试程序执行检测故障,验证了测试格式的有效性。     

基于BP神经网络的电路最优测试集的生成设计

BP神经网络是目前用于模拟电路故障诊断的神经网络之一.本文应用BP神经网络完成了实际电路最优测试集的生成设计,验证了基于BP神经网络的最优测试集的生成的可行性和有效性.     

基于信息融合和神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断方法研究

随着电子技术的飞速发展,各类装备设备的集成化程度越来越高,由于系统构成的复杂性和操作环境的多样性,装备设备电路故障的复杂性、模糊性给维修保障带来极大挑战,针对装备设备中的模拟电路故障诊断问题,提出了一种基于信息融合和神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断方法;分析证明该方法可提高模拟电路故障诊断效率,有效提高模拟电路智能化诊断水平。     

自适应狼群算法优化ELM的模拟电路故障诊断

为了能够更加高效地检测和诊断模拟电路中的故障元件,提出了自适应狼群算法优化极限学习机的方法。该方法采用自适应遗传算法对特征参数进行选择,从而生成最优特征子集,然后利用最优特征子集构造样本输入极限学习机ELM网络对故障进行分类。针对极限学习机的输入层和隐含层之间的连接权值、隐含层的偏差都将会使其学习速度和分类正确率受到影响的问题,采用本文方法对它们进行优化并选择相应的最优值,提高了极限学习机网络训练的稳定性与故障诊断的成功率。通过2个典型模拟电路的诊断实例,给出了这些方法的具体实现过程,故障诊断率均在99%以上。仿真结果表明使用该方法进行模拟电路故障诊断时具有良好的正确率和稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.