A uplink radio resource allocation scheme for localized SC-FDMA transmission in LTE network

The radio resource allocation is one of the most important issues to achieve effective wireless communication. In Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is applied as the transmission technology for uplink traffic. Most researches focus on maximizing the system throughput of SC-FDMA under changeable channel condition. However, users may require different quality of services (QoS) for different applications. This paper studies radio resource allocation for QoS users in localized SC-FDMA system. The proposed scheme divides allocation process into matching algorithm and radio resource assignment algorithm. The Gale–Shapley algorithm is applied to find the optimal matching between resource blocks (RB) and user equipment (UE) by considering channel conditions and the desired QoS. Then the resource assignment algorithm heuristically allocates bandwidth to UE by referring the matched RB under the constraint of carrier continuity. This paper modified the Recursive Maximum Expansion (RME) algorithm to effectively assign radio resource for UEs with different bandwidth demands. The performance of our proposed scheme is compared with the modified RME scheme through exhaustive simulations. The video streaming, VoIP, and FTP traffic types were adopted for simulations. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better QoS satisfaction and system throughput than the RME-modified scheme.     

保证QoS的片上网络低能耗映射与路由方法

为解决二维mesh片上网络的服务质量和低能耗问题，提出基于最优化搜索的拓扑映射与路由方法Q-LEMR．该方法以降低芯片通信能耗为目标，在保证系统延迟与带宽的服务质量的前提下，自动将给定应用的IP核映射到片上网络结构上，并为通信踪迹定制设计确定的、非死锁的最短路径路由；同时通过加速策略使映射和路由的计算在可接受的时间范围内完成．实验结果表明，Q—LEMR较现有工作平均降低通信能耗28．8％，并满足服务质量要求．     

基于跨层的中高速传感器网络多元参数调度与资源自适应分配算法

针对中高速传感器网络中不同业务对QoS(quality of scrvice)的不同要求,跨层考虑物理层和数据链路层参数,提出了一种适合混合业务的多元参数调度算法和资源分配算法。该算法根据不同的业务动态调整时延补偿因子和吞吐量补偿因子两个参数,在满足实时业务QoS约束的前提下,以最大化系统吞吐量为目标建立了相应的优化模模型,对于实时业务能满足时延较小的要求,对于非实时业务能满足吞吐量较大的要求。仿真结果表明,该调度算法可以灵活地在系统功率效率和用户服务质量满意度之间取得折衷,并保证不同类型业务用户间的公平性。     

部分信道状态信息下MIMO-OFDM的跨层资源分配算法

针对跨层多用户多输入多输出-正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM）系统,以系统最大吞吐量为目标,给出一种基于部分信道状态信息的跨层资源分配算法。该优化问题设计的目标函数包括功率限制、传输速率、子载波占用、不同业务的服务质量需求与数据链路层的队列状态信息等约束条件。在数据链路层存在有限缓存条件下,通过均值反馈模型描述信道状态信息的反馈过程,推导出相应的跨层资源分配准则。仿真结果表明,所提算法与现有方案相比,满足了不同业务用户的QoS要求,并获得了好的吞吐率,降低了丢包率。     

OFDMA系统中基于QoS的资源分配算法

针对正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统多用户分集的特点,提出一种基于用户服务质量(QoS)的自适应资源分配算法。利用多用户分集增益和自适应调制编码对功率进行平均分配,从而降低算法的复杂度。仿真结果表明,该算法虽然使系统吞吐量略有减小,但在用户QoS保证与用户公平性方面均有较大的性能提升。     

无线充电体域网基于边际效用的网络资源分配方法

射频能量采集技术可以从根本上解决电池容量对无线体域网生存期的限制,为了提高网络资源分配的效率以及公平性,提出一种基于边际效用理论的网络资源分配方法。首先,设计传感器节点的效用函数,将节点所能获得的吞吐量映射成QoS满意的等级;然后,以最大化网络中全部传感器节点整体效用为目标,将多高效、公平的网络资源分配问题构建成效用最大化问题;最后,通过对偶分解方法求得该问题的最优解。仿真结果表明,与总吞吐量最大化和sigmoid效用最大化方法相比,所提出的方法在获得较高系统整体吞吐量的同时,确保了传感器节点个体获得吞吐量的公平性。     

非理想条件下OFDMA系统物理层安全的资源分配算法

针对OFDMA系统中用户QoS需求的差异性,提出了一种非理想状态下不同用户的资源分配算法,即求取用户携带比特数和发射功率最优解问题。基于自适应功率分配增益较小的情况,通过进行功率的平均分配来降低算法复杂度,基于吞吐量最大化原则,将剩余未分配的子载波分配给能获得最大传输速率的用户,提升系统的整体吞吐量水平。仿真结果表明:相对于其他传统资源分配算法,这个算法能够保证不同混合用户的最小传输速率要求的同时,有效提升算法的公平性。     

一种基于元策略的自适应移动切换控制方案

为有效保障移动用户不同业务的服务质量,拓展策略机制的应用,利用策略形式的业务QoS属性及移动节点移动和资源需求的预测信息,用元策略自动生成相应的控制策略,实现切换过程自适应的资源管理。通过分析和仿真,该自适应切换方案在保证切换掉线率的前提下,最小化新呼叫阻塞率,为用户提供较好的QoS保证,其特点在于自适应性,可以根据当前网络状况自动进行重要参数的调整,另外,使用策略,可提供不同的优先级,能方便地进行算法定义和选择,相对于传统方法更灵活。     

Game theoretic distributed uplink power control for CDMA networks with real-time services

In this paper, the issue of efficient power allocation in the uplink of CDMA wireless networks supporting real-time services with various QoS constraints, is addressed. Within the proposed framework, utility functions are adopted to reflect a user’s degree of satisfaction with respect to its actual throughput requirements satisfaction and respective power consumption. The corresponding problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game where users aim selfishly at maximizing their utility-based performance under the imposed limitations. The existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium point of the proposed Uplink Power Control (UPC) game is proven, at which all users have attained a targeted SINR threshold value or transmit with their maximum power, leading essentially to an SINR-balanced system. Moreover, a distributed iterative algorithm for reaching UPC game’s equilibrium is provided. The properties of equilibrium in a pure optimization theoretical framework are studied, and the tradeoffs between users’ overall throughput performance and real-time services’ QoS requirements satisfaction, in channel aware resource allocation processes, are revealed and quantified. Through modeling and simulation the efficacy of the introduced framework and proposed UPC algorithm are demonstrated and evaluated.     

基于无线网络的混合业务资源调度算法

WCDMA系统混合业务下的资源调度算法要区分业务以保证用户的服务质量(QoS)。基于此,在研究最大加权延时优先算法(M-LWDF)的基础上通过引入QoS监测机制提出一种保证混合业务服务质量的资源调度算法,在业务调度中同时考虑时延优先级和吞吐量优先级,并采用传输时延保证的资源分配准则。仿真结果表明,该算法在时延和吞吐量水平上要优于已有的调度算法。     

Dynamic QoS queuing control mechanism for multimedia differentiated services

An essential goal of communication networks is to provide multimedia services with QoS streaming. A properly designed multimedia QoS system must reserve requested resources according to user QoS requirements and the available network resources. However, the static resource allocation among priority queues in DiffServ networks leads to insufficient resource usage when a burst occurs in one priority queue while other queues starve. This study presents a User-Oriented QoS Streaming System to achieve perceptible satisfaction based on novel streaming and media differentiation policies in DiffServ networks. This study also proposes that the Dynamic QoS Queue Mapping (DQ²M) mechanism dynamically control queue scheduling by adaptively maximizing the utilization of queues and network resources according to the soft states of the DiffServ network. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed DQ²M algorithm can improve the fairness and efficiency of resource utilization for low-priority queues.     

基于能效的OFDMA系统资源分配研究*

在正交频分多址（OFDMA）系统中,合理的资源分配对于提升系统的能效具有重要的意义。针对多用户OFDMA系统,对最大化系统能效为目标的资源分配算法进行研究,提出了基于智能水滴算法的全连通图资源分配模型,该模型以全连通图的顶点和边来表示用户与子载波之间的对应关系。在此基础上,进一步对智能水滴算法进行改进。仿真结果表明,在满足用户QoS的条件下,所提出的改进的智能水滴算法的全连通图资源分配方案能够有效提高系统能效,提升系统性能。     

OFDMA 协同网络中基于QoS 保证的资源分配算法

针对正交频分多址(OFDMA)协作通信系统,为了解决数据传输速率最大化并提供尽力而为业务与实时业务的服务质量(QoS)保证问题,提出新型资源分配算法.通过以总功率受限为约束条件,定义基于数据速率、时延和丢包率的效用函数,并以在协作传输中以最大化效用函数为目标进行中继选择和子载波分配.通过中继和用户上的子载波和功率分配方案的设计,从而最大化网络数据传输速率并最小化时延与丢包率,为多种业务提供服务质量保证.采用最优化理论与方法求解效用函数,得到了资源分配结果.仿真结果验证了算法收敛,并给出功率分配结果,以及网络吞吐量和时延性能指标情况,验证了算法的有效性.     

Elastic resource provisioning in hybrid mobile cloud for computationally intensive mobile applications

The paper addresses the integration of hybrid cloud with mobile applications. The challenge about hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning is the trade-offs between energy consumption, performance provided to users and how resources, such as processing power and network, are being utilized. The proposed elastic hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning model is jointly optimized to improve mobile user experience within the constraints of available resources and user QoS requirement. The paper presents the system utility of hybrid cloud system involving local cloud and public cloud infrastructure. From the perspectives of both mobile applications and cloud providers, the proposed system utility is optimized to improve the performance of mobile applications and the utilization of cloud resources. The proposed elastic hybrid mobile cloud resource provisioning algorithm includes two sub-algorithms. To evaluate and validate performance of the proposed algorithm, a series of experiments are conducted. The comparison results and analyses are discussed. The experimental results show the improvement to previous works.     

Managing QoS for Multimedia Applications in the Differentiated Services Environment

The overall quality of network connections has a significant impact on the performance of networked applications. As a result, Quality-of-Service (QoS) management for networked multimedia applications over IP is a significant and immediate challenge. While differentiated services (DiffServ) provide a sense of resource allocation and QoS, they do not guarantee QoS. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a content-aware bandwidth broker (CABB) that manages QoS for multimedia applications in a DiffServ environment. CABB allocates network resources to multimedia flows based on client requirements, the adaptability of the application, and its tolerance to network level parameters such as bandwidth, delay, and latency. It has been implemented and evaluated using the NS-2 simulator toolkit. Evaluations show that CABB improves network resource allocations and increases overall throughput. Furthermore multimedia application flows are better managed and controlled, improving perceived QoS and avoiding possible congestion at core routers.     

CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms

Cloud computing is a recent advancement wherein IT infrastructure and applications are provided as ‘services’ to end‐users under a usage‐based payment model. It can leverage virtualized services even on the fly based on requirements (workload patterns and QoS) varying with time. The application services hosted under Cloud computing model have complex provisioning, composition, configuration, and deployment requirements. Evaluating the performance of Cloud provisioning policies, application workload models, and resources performance models in a repeatable manner under varying system and user configurations and requirements is difficult to achieve. To overcome this challenge, we propose CloudSim: an extensible simulation toolkit that enables modeling and simulation of Cloud computing systems and application provisioning environments. The CloudSim toolkit supports both system and behavior modeling of Cloud system components such as data centers, virtual machines (VMs) and resource provisioning policies. It implements generic application provisioning techniques that can be extended with ease and limited effort. Currently, it supports modeling and simulation of Cloud computing environments consisting of both single and inter‐networked clouds (federation of clouds). Moreover, it exposes custom interfaces for implementing policies and provisioning techniques for allocation of VMs under inter‐networked Cloud computing scenarios. Several researchers from organizations, such as HP Labs in U.S.A., are using CloudSim in their investigation on Cloud resource provisioning and energy‐efficient management of data center resources. The usefulness of CloudSim is demonstrated by a case study involving dynamic provisioning of application services in the hybrid federated clouds environment. The result of this case study proves that the federated Cloud computing model significantly improves the application QoS requirements under fluctuating resource and service demand patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel channel-adaptive uplink access control protocol for nomadic computing

We consider the uplink access control problem in a mobile nomadic computing system, which is based on a cellular phone network in that a user can use the mobile device to transmit voice or file data. This resource management problem is important because an efficient solution to uplink access control is critical for supporting a large user population with a reasonable level of quality of service (QoS). While there are a number of recently proposed protocols for uplink access control, these protocols possess a common drawback in that they do not adapt well to the burst error properties, which are inevitable in using wireless communication channels. We propose a novel TDMA-based uplink access protocol, which employs a channel state dependent allocation strategy. Our protocol is motivated by two observations: (1) when channel state is bad, the throughput is low due to the large amount of FEC (forward error correction) or excessive ARQ (automatic repeated request) that is needed and (2) because of item 1, much of the mobile device's energy is wasted. The proposed protocol works closely with the underlying physical layer in that, through observing the channel state information (CSI) of each mobile device, the MAC protocol first segregates a set of users with good CSI from requests gathered in the request contention phase of an uplink frame. The protocol then judiciously allocates channel bandwidth to contending users based on their channel conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol considerably outperforms five state-of-the-art protocols in terms of packet loss, delay, and throughput.     

Survey on Grid Resource Allocation Mechanisms

Grid is a distributed high performance computing paradigm that offers various types of resources (like computing, storage, communication) to resource-intensive user tasks. These tasks are scheduled to allocate available Grid resources efficiently to achieve high system throughput and to satisfy user requirements. The task scheduling problem has become more complex with the ever increasing size of Grid systems. Even though selecting an efficient resource allocation strategy for a particular task helps in obtaining a desired level of service, researchers still face difficulties in choosing a suitable technique from a plethora of existing methods in literature. In this paper, we explore and discuss existing resource allocation mechanisms for resource allocation problems employed in Grid systems. The work comprehensively surveys Gird resource allocation mechanisms for different architectures (centralized, distributed, static or dynamic). The paper also compares these resource allocation mechanisms based on their common features such as time complexity, searching mechanism, allocation strategy, optimality, operational environment and objective function they adopt for solving computing- and data-intensive applications. The comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge research in the Grid domain presented in this work provides readers with an understanding of essential concepts of resource allocation mechanisms in Grid systems and helps them identify important and outstanding issues for further investigation. It also helps readers to choose the most appropriate mechanism for a given system/application.     

基于贝叶斯策略的网格资源分配方法

考虑网格应用QoS需求,以最大化网格系统的经济收益为目标,提出了一种基于贝叶斯策略的网格资源分配方法。该方法基于价格可代表资源QoS综合性能的思想,利用历史QoS匹配记录,运用朴素贝叶斯定理根据用户提交的价格参数来分配与其级别相对应的符合要价范围资源,并优先考虑QoS水平较高的任务,将当前时刻QoS水平较高的资源预留给下一时刻到达的QoS水平较高的任务,而忽略当前时刻QoS水平较低的任务。实验结果表明,该资源分配方法不仅能有效地保障用户QoS,而且能使网格系统获得较大的经济收益。     

混合云中的一个高效协调器

云计算提供了4种部署模型:公有云、私有云、社区云和混合云.通常,一个私有云中可用的资源是有限的,因此云用户不得不从公有云租用资源.这意味着云用户将会产生额外的费用.越来越多的企业选择混合云来部署它们的应用.在混合云中,为了实现用户的利益最大化,必须满足使用资源的费用最小化和用户的QoS,为此为混合云用户提供了一个既能最小化资源费用又能保证满足QoS的资源分配方法.实验结果表明,该算法在保持低操作成本的同时还满足了用户的QoS.