瑞典ESAB焊机的国产化改造

研究了ESAB焊机的工作原理，对其常见的故障进行分析，采用相应的国产元件进行替代，并进行适当的电路改造，排除故障。此方法维修费用低，使用效果良好，值得推广和应用。     

不锈钢管子—管板的激光焊接

试验研究了不锈钢的深熔焊接，研究了聚焦光束回转的光具。在工件不动的情况下，焊接管子－管板连接环缝，焊缝质量满足压力容器的要求，焊接效率大大提高。     

简易管板焊机的研制开发

为了提高焊接质量、减轻劳动强度,在分析国内外全自动管板焊机利弊的基础上,结合实际工作需要,开发一种全自动简易管板焊接机器.该机器结构简单,控制方便.实践证明,该机器应用在管板焊接中能够减轻劳动强度,提高焊接质量和效率,达到了预期研究目的.     

奥氏体不锈钢管子-管板焊接熔敷顺序的研究

分析了奥氏体不锈钢换热管与管板焊接的熔敷顺序,采用相同的母材材质和规格、相同的焊接参数,分别采用先自熔后填丝、先填丝后自熔以及单层焊(填丝)三种熔敷顺序进行了焊接试验。并通过对三种焊缝接头的角测量实验、宏微观试验、铁素体试验以及拉脱力试验等对比试验发现,如果采用先自熔后填丝的熔敷顺序,第一层电弧直接对坡口根部加热,有利用根部熔合和增加熔深,保证密封性能,第二层填丝方式可以保证接头的强度;而先填丝后自熔熔敷顺序的优点是第一层保证接头性能和密封性,第二层电弧可以优化第一层焊缝,同时修饰焊缝,焊缝成形美观。无论哪一种熔敷顺序,都可以满足管子-管板焊接的标准要求。     

缩进式管子-管板焊接工艺

管子-管板焊接是换热器生产的关键工序,通过对缩进式管子-管板焊接技术进行的试验和分析,确定了最佳的焊接参数,供换热器制造厂有关技术人员参考.     

换热器管子管板异种材料焊接工艺

管子管板接头是换热器中的关键结构之一,在特殊工况要求下,换热器管板堆焊层和管子设计为异种材料。文中对异种材料管子管板焊接进行工艺研究,通过对焊接接头形式、焊接保护气体以及焊接方式等三方面的分析和试验,解决了异种材料管子管板焊接关键要素：焊缝稀释率、缩孔、根部缺陷、焊喉尺寸的平衡和控制,达到了管子管板异种材料接头的设计要求。该研究成果对于类似产品的焊接具有指导性意义。     

管子—管板自动钨极氩弧焊头研制

阐述了管子－管板自动钨极氩弧焊尖的基本结构，焊具的性能特点及设计思路，目的是使这一国产高精度的焊接设备被越来越多的人所接受。     

电力电站冷凝器钛合金管板自动焊机的研制

为提高电力电站冷凝器钛合金管板接头环形焊缝的焊接质量,研制了一种数字化、可视化以及自动化的管板焊机.为提高动态响应性能,焊接电源主电路采用了逆变频率为100 kHz的全桥拓扑结构;以基于ARM公司Cortex-M4内核的LM4F232 MCU(微控制器)为核心,设计了焊接过程数字控制系统,开发了基于模糊逻辑判断的参数自整定PI(比例积分)算法,提高了焊机对不同工况的适应性;设计了基于触摸屏和ARM微处理器的人机交互系统,实现了人机交互的数字化和可视化.系统测试以及焊接试验均表明,研制的管板焊机性能优良,能够满足冷凝器钛合金管板优质高效焊接的需求.     

Cl~-对高氮不锈钢在0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和恒电位极化电流响应曲线对一种高氮不锈钢在含不同浓度Cl~-的0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明:高氮不锈钢在含Cl~-的0.5mol/L NaOH中具有良好的耐蚀性,极化曲线表现出阳极钝化特征,Cl~-浓度对点蚀电位无显著影响,钝化电流密度随Cl~-浓度的增加而增大;当Cl~-浓度增加到1.00mol/L时,高氮不锈钢表面生成的钝化膜呈n型半导体,仍具有良好的保护性,钝化膜的载流子密度随着Cl~-浓度的增加而增大。     

Corrosion behaviour of Cr13 steel in CO2 saturated brine with high chloride concentration

The corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless injection‐pipeline steel X46Cr13 exposed to CO₂ saturated artificial saline brine with high chloride concentration similar to onshore CCS‐site at Ketzin, Germany has been investigated by means of electrochemical technique and microscopic observations at short exposure times (up to 24 h) and by mass loss and metallographic observations at exposure times up to 17520 h. Pitting corrosion kinetics has been characterised and the predictions about the corrosion mechanism are made.     

三种不锈钢在含硫酸的水砂介质中的耐腐蚀磨损性能

利用自行设计的腐蚀磨损试验装置研究了三种不锈钢在不同固液比、硫酸浓度和线速度的条件下的耐腐蚀磨损性能；结果表明，在低硫酸浓度、高固液比和高线速度的条件下，沉淀硬化马氏体不锈钢具有良好的耐腐蚀磨损性能：而在腐蚀性较强、线速度较大的条件下，双相不锈钢的耐腐蚀磨损性能优于沉淀硬化马氏体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢；第二相强化奥氏体不锈钢在腐蚀性较强、耐磨性较弱的环境中耐腐蚀磨损性能较好。     

纳米CdTe/TiO2复合材料对304不锈钢的光生阴极保护行为

目的研究纳米CdTe/TiO_2复合材料对304不锈钢的光生阴极保护行为。方法采用阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管,通过循环伏安沉积法在纳米管上进行CdTe修饰。应用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法对比纯TiO_2与CdTe/TiO_2的表面形貌与晶相特征。结合开路电位(OCP)、光电流密度-时间曲线(J-t)、Tafel极化曲线等电化学方法,研究复合材料的光电转化性能及其对304不锈钢的阴极保护行为。结果在光照条件下,耦连CdTe/TiO_2复合材料的304不锈钢的开路电位从初始的-190mV负移至-730mV,光电流密度可达0.15mA/cm~2,闭光后,开路电位上升至-350mV,仍然具有保护作用,说明制备的纳米CdTe/TiO_2复合材料具有储存电子的能力。结论在可见光照射下,与纯二氧化钛相比,制备的CdTe/TiO_2复合材料对304不锈钢的阴极保护性能显著提高,且在闭光状态下仍能维持对不锈钢的保护,对不锈钢起到一定的延时保护效果。     

SO42-对不锈钢在含Cl-溶液中腐蚀影响的研究进展

综述了Cl^-与SO₄^2-对奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀影响的国内外研究进展。介绍了奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀机理,阐述了Cl^-与SO₄^2-对不锈钢腐蚀影响的原因,总结了不同研究者对SO₄^2-具有抑制不锈钢在含Cl^-溶液中腐蚀的原因,分析了不同研究者的结论存在差异的原因,并对今后的研究方向提出相应的建议。     

Improving the surface properties of A286 precipitation-hardening stainless steel by low-temperature plasma nitriding

Plasma nitriding over a wide range of treatment temperatures between 350 and 500 °C and time from 5 to 30 h on A286 austenitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels has been investigated. Systematic materials characterisation of the plasma surface alloyed A286 alloy was carried out in terms of microstructure observations, phase identification, chemical composition depth profiling, surface and cross-section microhardness measurements, electrochemical corrosion tests, dry sliding wear tests and corrosion-wear tests. Experimental results have shown that plasma nitriding can significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of A286 stainless steels owing to the formation of nitrogen supersaturated S-phase; the surface layer characteristics (e.g. microstructure, case depth and hardness) of the plasma surface alloyed cases are highly process condition dependent and there are possibilities to provide considerable improvement in wear, corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of A286 steel.     

2205双相不锈钢在硫酸中的腐蚀性能

采用腐蚀浸泡失重方法结合动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,研究了不同温度下2205双相不锈钢在不同浓度H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性,并与传统的20R钢和316L不锈钢作对比。结果表明,三种材质的耐蚀能力由强到弱排序为:2205316L20R;硫酸浓度和温度对腐蚀速率的影响由强到弱排序都为:20R316L2205。在T≤40℃,2205双相不锈钢的腐蚀深度为0mm/a,耐蚀性等级为1级,评定为完全耐蚀;当温度增加至60℃且硫酸浓度为30%时,其腐蚀速率显著增加,腐蚀深度为27.026mm/a,耐蚀性等级为10级,评定为不耐蚀。高铬含量可以降低不锈钢材料的钝化电位,另一方面可以增强不锈钢表面钝化膜的修复能力,可能是2205双相不锈钢比316L和20R更耐蚀的本质原因。     

不锈钢板成形分析及防止拉深缺陷的对策

针对不锈钢板拉深时产生缺陷的原因进行分析,提出了解决措施,并提出了减少汽车消声器壳成形缺陷的对策,取得了较好的效果.     

Accessing the full spectrum of corrosion behaviour of tempered type 420 stainless steel

Bipolar electrochemistry produces a linear potential gradient between two feeder electrodes, providing access to the full spectrum of anodic-to-cathodic electrochemical behaviour. A type 420 martensitic stainless steel has been used to investigate microstructure evolution and corrosion behaviour with application of different tempering heat treatments. Tempering treatments at 250°C, 400°C and 700°C revealed the occurrence of pitting corrosion, with treatments at 550°C resulting in general and intergranular corrosion. Cr₂₃C₆ was present in all tempering conditions, with Cr₇C₃ and CrC only observed for tempering at 550°C. The 250°C tempering treatment had the highest corrosion resistance with a hardness value much higher than 500 HV.     

A Hybrid Low Temperature Surface Alloying Process for Austenitic Stainless Steels

This paper describes a novel, hybrid process developed to engineer the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels at temperatures below 450℃ for the improvement in wear and corrosion resistance. The process is carried out in the plasma of a glow discharge containing both nitrogen and carbon reactive species, and facilitates the incorporation of both nitrogen and carbon into the austenite surface to form a dual-layer structure comprising a nitrogen-rich layer on top of a carbon-rich layer.Both layers can be precipitation-free at sufficiently low processing temperatures, and contain nitrogen and carbon respectively in supersaturated fcc austenite solid solutions. The resultant hybrid structure offers several advantages over the conventional low temperature nitriding and the newly developed carburizing processes in terms of mechanical and chemical properties, including higher surface hardness, a hardness gradient from the surface towards the layer-core interface, uniform layer thickness, and much enhanced corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the main features of this hybrid process and the various structural and properties characteristics of the resultant engineered surfaces.