Increasing the wear-resistance of mold sets for shaping glass containers

Causes of disruption of parts of mold sets for pressing and blowing machines are investigated. Recommendations for their reinforcement are presented.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 3, pp. 3–4, March, 1996.Elia-Vit Scientific and Engineering Center.     

Increasing the stability of the antimicrobial properties of filled viscose yarns on washing

Conclusions The possibility of raising the resistance of the antimicrobial properties of viscose antimicrobial yarns to aqueous treatments has been investigated.It has been found that treatment of freshly spun viscose antimicrobial yarn with methylol compounds makes it possible to increase the stability of the antimicrobial effect.Deceased.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, p. 36, January–February, 1986.     

Evaluation of the wear-resistance of synthetic fibres

Conclusions The group of measurements of breaking load and elongation of synthetic fibres with readings below the mean values, referred to the total number of tests, can be used as a relative measure of the wear-resistance of fibres.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, p. 40, September–October, 1983.     

Change in properties of polycaproamide textile yarns on water-stabilization treatment

Conclusions The kinetics of washout of low-molecular-weight fractions from polycaproamide textile yarns during water-stabilization treatments has been studied. It has been found that the supermolecular structure of the yarns is considerably changed thereupon; the degree of crystallinity is increased, the size of the amorphous regions is reduced, the yarn porosity is increased, thereby increasing the rate of dye sorption, the yarn stress is reduced, and its shrinkage is lowered.The increase in yarn porosity as a result of water-extraction and stabilization treatment ensures raising their sorptive power with respect to dyes and various low-molecular-weight modifiers.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 1984.     

Some features in the lubrication and brightening treatment of polyester fibres and yarns

Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 44–48, November–December, 1991.     

Change in properties of texturized carbimide yarns on additional heat treatment

Conclusions The heat-setting process in texturizing and supplementary heat-treatment affects the change in physicomechanical and specific properties of low-extensibility carbimide yarns.It is recommended to carry out supplementary heat-treatment of a highly-extensible carbimide yarn at a heating chamber temperature of 120–125°C.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 35–36, November–December, 1985.     

Increasing the resistance of lances immersed in liquid metal in iron desulfurizing departments

Conclusions We developed, perfected, and introduced in industrial conditions the process of manufacturing wear-resistance carbon-containing bodies, and a slaking slip containing kaolin and a water solution of orthophosphoric acid.The exploitation of immersion lances lined with the new composition made it possible, compared with previously used linings, in the conditions of the Azovstal' combine to boost their life on average from 121 to 507 blows per annum, and to reduce the consumption of refractory body from 12 to 7 tons per lance.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 47–50, August, 1984.     

提高离子膜法烧碱装置中液氯产量

阐述高纯盐酸产量与液氯产量的制约关系及氯气液化效率的确定依据,据此得出最大液氯产量。按需调整离子膜烧碱装置产品结构,选择合适的液氯生产能力。     

Some features of the structure of oriented polyethylene terephthalate yarns in the initial period of heat treatment

Conclusions The rearrangement in structure of PET yarn during short heat treatment times, that is, during the warming-up period and in the initial period of yarn heat treatment, has been examined from the evidence of isometric heating, IR spectroscopy, change in birefringence, density, and physicomechanical characteristics of yarn which has been heat treated in an air heating chamber at 200°C.It has been shown that during the time of warming up the yarn, structural changes are determined by relaxation processes. After heating, crystallization processes exert an important effect on the properties of the heat treated yarn. The complex character of the structural rearrangement leads to a nonhomogeneous change in physicomechanical properties of the yarn.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1984.     

Strengthening and stiffening of ramie yarns by applying cyclic load treatment

A cyclic load treatment was developed by applying a load on ramie yarns up to a proper value and then unloading for different number of cycles under high temperature or wet state. The results of tensile tests revealed that compared to the untreated yarns, a significant increase of around 20–50% in tensile strength was obtained for the cyclic load-treated yarns. Young's modulus of cyclic load-treated yarns was increased drastically, one to two times higher than the initial value. The number of cycles had an influence on improving the tensile properties of ramie yarns. After the individual heat or wet treatment without cyclic load, it was found that tensile strength of treated yarns remained unchanged as the original value while Young's modulus was decreased remarkably, which implies that the introduction of cyclic load to individual heat or wet treatment plays a crucial role in strengthening and stiffening of ramie yarns. It was considered that the improved effect was correlated with the decreased microfibrillar angle and the increased orientation of amorphous region in fiber microstructure because the crystallinity and crystalline orientation of ramie yarns calculated from X-ray diffraction diagrams showed little change after cyclic load treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Stability of the texturizing effect in polyamide yarns

Conclusions Texturizing of polyamide yarn is accompanied by stable structural rearrangement on the molecular level.Subsequent actions on the yarn, such as straightening out of crimps or long (up to 180 day) storage of the yarn in a stressed state, do not nullify the effect of crimp. After heat treatment, the yarn reverts to the state of initially assigned crimp.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–48, September–October, 1987.     

Determination of the shear modulus of yarns in twisting

Conclusions Experimental data on the effect of linear density and yarn structure on shear modulus in twisting polycaproamide yarns support an inverse dependence of the shear modulus in twisting on linear density and on number of elementary filaments in the complex yarn.It has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the calculational formula in the VNIIV procedure is suitable only for determining the shear modulus in twisting monofilam and is not suitable for calculating the shear modulus of complex yarns.An equation has been derived which is recommended for determining the shear modulus of yarns of various structures using a twisting pendulum.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 37–38, January–February, 1986.