弹性金属塑料复合材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

在MPX-2000摩擦磨损试验机上，用环盘摩擦副，结合扫描电镜分别评价了弹性金属塑料（EMP）复合材料与钢在油润滑和干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明：两种试验条件下，相同滑动速度的摩擦系数随载荷的升高而减小，当载荷为2000N，滑动速度小于3.52m/s时，摩擦系数基于趋于稳定，EMP磨损率随滑动速度和载荷的升高耐增加，但不同试验条件的增幅不高，油润滑下滑动速度小于3.52m/s和干摩擦条件下滑动速度小于1.96m/s时，EMP以微切削，塑性变形和梨沟磨损为主，并在摩擦副两表面形成转移物。     

不同润滑介质下钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能

研究了钢-钢摩擦副在干摩擦、水润滑、酒精润滑和60 N油润滑等条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:润滑介质可以显著降低钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦系数,在干摩擦、水润滑、酒精润滑和60N油润滑,摩擦载荷为(50～200)g(钢球半径为2 mm)时摩擦系数的平均值分别为0.75～0.81,0.45～0.33,0.22～0.15,0.13～0.09;在高载荷下酒精润滑与油润滑磨损速率相差甚小,并且在摩擦磨损初期阶段(500 s之内)摩擦系数相差甚少;同时,酒精润滑条件下的磨损表面形貌与油润滑下的磨损表面形貌极为相似,无明显粘着现象。分析表明,酒精润滑是一种绿色润滑介质,在压延、拉伸工业中有良好的应用前景。     

二硫化钼膜在不同润滑条件下的摩擦学性能分析

通过MoS2膜/钢、钢/钢摩擦副在干摩擦、油和脂润滑条件下的球-盘式摩擦学试验,对比分析润滑条件、载荷、速度对MoS2膜摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:在其他条件相同时,油和脂润滑条件下,MoS2膜在零速启动、中低速情况下的动、静摩擦因数均比MoS2干膜和钢/钢摩擦副要低;MoS2膜在干摩擦、油和脂润滑条件下,摩擦因数均随载荷增加而降低,表明法向载荷越高,MoS2膜的减摩性能越好。     

固体润滑涂层在干摩擦及有油条件下的摩擦磨损性能

采用MRH-3环块磨损试验机对FM-510二硫化钼润滑涂层在于摩擦及有油条件下进行了摩擦磨损性能的考察和评价,评价结果表明：该涂层在干摩擦条件下具有低的摩擦系数、高的承载能力和长的耐磨寿命,摩擦系数随负荷增高而降低,随速度提高也降低。摩擦偶对双面涂膜比单面涂膜有更长的耐磨寿命,速度低时涂层的磨耗小,寿命长,可满足特定条件下的干摩擦工作要求,在有油润滑条件下二硫化钼基的FM-510润滑涂层可显减轻对偶磨损程度,摩擦系数比单独使用油润滑时大大降低。在难以形成连续的流体润滑薄膜,亦即不能形成流体动力润滑的情况下。摩擦偶对涂敷固体润滑涂层是解决其润滑问题的有效方案。     

低噪声润滑脂的摩擦磨损特性分析

用标准的立式万能摩擦磨损试验机的销盘实验,分析了低噪声润滑脂EMQ2与RS3润滑脂的摩擦磨损特性,针对磨合阶段、稳定磨损阶段、摩擦噪声与胶合失效进行分析.结果表明,在磨合阶段摩擦系数有较大变化,随后的稳定磨损阶段中摩擦系数变化减小;脂润滑的摩擦副的摩擦系数比油润滑显著增大、变化频率增加,在试验过程中出现嗡嗡声时,而在摩擦系数下降阶段不出现摩擦噪声;在摩擦副出现胶合失效前,摩擦副的摩擦系数急剧上升;在摩擦系数变化幅度达到10%左右时,摩擦副就出现胶合失效.并用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了试盘、试销摩擦副运转2 h后的磨斑表面形貌.     

润滑条件对低速重载齿轮胶合损伤影响规律的试验研究

为了研究润滑条件对低速重载齿轮出现胶合损伤的影响规律,采用一对圆环试样滚滑的方式来模拟轮齿的啮合,在MJP-30A滚动磨损试验机上进行了18CrNiMo7-6渗碳钢齿轮材料在不同润滑条件下的胶合试验,分析了摩擦因数的变化规律和试验后试样的表面形貌.结果表明,干摩擦条件下,出现胶合损伤时的接触应力为1927 MPa,出现胶合损伤前,接触界面摩擦因数随接触应力的增加而降低;良好润滑条件下,接触应力达到3047 MPa仍未发生胶合,摩擦因数随接触应力的增加有轻微下降趋势;乏油条件下,摩擦因数随着乏油程度的加剧呈明显上升趋势,仅当摩擦因数几乎增大至干摩擦因数水平时才发生胶合损伤.因此,为避免低速重载齿轮运行过程中发生齿面胶合损伤,应将其润滑状态作为重要监测指标,以避免齿面间发生严重的乏油润滑和干摩擦接触.     

影响井下防喷器胶筒与套管间摩擦因数的因素

通过摩擦试验,研究了正压力、相对滑动速度以及润滑条件对井下防喷器胶筒与套管间摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:相同正压力下,无润滑剂和水润滑摩擦时,两者间的摩擦因数随着滑动速度的增加而增加,在油润滑时,滑动速度的增加有利于润滑膜的形成,使摩擦因数降低;在相同正压力和相对滑动速度下,油润滑摩擦因数均值最小,水润滑时次之,无润滑剂时最大;正压力的影响无规律性。     

润滑条件对Al2O3基陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

本文对Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45#钢摩擦副的摩擦系数与45#钢/45#钢的摩擦系数作了对比滑动摩擦试验研究,观测分析了Al2O3基陶材料磨痕形貌,并就干摩擦,油润滑状态下Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明,分别在干摩擦和20#机油润滑下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45#钢的摩擦系数均比45#钢自配副时的低,在干摩擦条件下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理是脆性微剥落和磨粒磨损,油润滑条件下,该材料的磨损机理是脆性脱落和耕犁,但磨损量小于干摩擦条件下的磨损量,说明油润滑对Al2O3基陶瓷材料有明显的减磨作用。     

润滑条件对Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

本文对Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45＃钢摩擦副的摩擦系数与45＃钢/45＃钢的摩擦系数作了对比滑动摩擦试验研究,观测分析了Al2O3基陶瓷材料磨痕形貌,并就干摩擦,油润滑状态下Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明,分别在干摩擦和20＃机油润滑下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45＃钢的摩擦系数均比45＃钢自配副时的低。在干摩擦条件下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理是脆性微剥落和磨粒磨损,油润滑条件下,该材料的磨损机理是脆性脱落和耕犁,但磨损量小于干摩擦条件下的磨损量,说明油润滑对Al2O3基陶瓷材料有明显的减磨作用。     

摩擦条件对磁轨制动器极靴材料与钢轨材料间摩擦因数的影响

将磁轨制动器极靴用铸造Q235B钢和油淬硬化45钢组成销-盘摩擦副进行摩擦试验,研究了滑动速度(10～100 km·h-1)、法向载荷(10～80 N)和润滑条件(干摩擦、水润滑)对摩擦因数和磨损机制的影响.结果表明:随着滑动速度的增大,摩擦副的摩擦因数均在3s内达到稳定;稳定摩擦因数随滑动速度的增大先增大后减小,但变...     

Effect of some material and operating variables on scuffing

This paper summarizes the results of scuffing tests performed on AMS 6260 steel disks, covering three oils (a MIL-L-7808G oil, a MIL-L-23699A oil, and a straight mineral oil), two oil supply temperatures, a variety of sliding and sum velocities, and two modes of operating the test disks such that the potential failure sites on the disk surfaces either do or do not synchronize precisely in repeated cycles of operation. It is shown that, under otherwise comparable situations, (a) different oil-steel combinations allow the operation to penetrate by different degrees into the boundary lubrication regime before scuffing occurs, (b) an increase in the sliding velocity, at constant sum velocity, decreases the scuff failure load and the critical temperature, (c) an increase in the sum velocity, at constant sliding velocity, increases the scuff failure load and the critical temperature, (d) the effect of changing the sliding velocity or sum velocity, at a constant sliding-to-sum velocity ratio, depends on the balance of the opposing effects of sliding ans sum velocities at the particualar velocity ratio of interest, and (e) the scuff failure load and the critical temperature are markedly increased when the potential failure sites on the disk surfaces do not precisely synchronize on repeated cycles of operation.It is further demonstrated that the variations of the oil film thickness at scuffing, the coefficient of friction at scuffing, and the critical temperature with respect to all surface and operating variables correlate satisfactorily with a dimensionless parameter ξ_f.     

Effect of surface roughness and surface texture on scuffing

This paper discusses the results of disk tests designed to examine the effect of surface roughness and surface texture on scuffing and related behavior. AISI 9310 steel disk of varying surface roughness and surface texture, along with a MIL-L-7808G lubricant, were used. It is shown that, under otherwise comparable situations, (a) an increase in the composite surface roughness increases the coefficient of friction at scuffing, decreases the scuff failure load, and decreases the critical temperature, (b) the cross-ground disks give a lower coefficient of friction at scuffing and a higher scuff failure load than the circumferentially-ground disks, but nearly the same critical temperature, and (c) an increase in the sliding velocity or sum velocity, at a constant sliding-to-sum velocity ratio, decreases the coefficient of friction at scuffing, decreases the scuff failure load, and decreases the critical temperature.The superior performance of the cross-ground disks compared with the circumferentially-ground disks is attributed to the effect of surface texture on microelastohydrodynamic action. The variations of the oil film thickness ratio at scuffing, the coefficient of friction at scuffing, and the critical temperature with respect to surface roughness, surface texture, and operating variables have been shown to correlate well with a dimensionless parameter $\text{ξ}{}_{\mathrm{?}}$.     

M35与GCr15干摩擦磨损性能的研究

在HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机上,对M35高速钢进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验,利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察并分析摩擦面磨损形貌及磨损机理。结果表明,M35高速钢在与GCr15滚动轴承合金钢配副干摩擦条件下,随着速度的增加,摩擦因数先降低后升高,然后再降低。当摩擦热累积达到一定值后,摩擦表面产生严重塑性变形和化学变化,摩擦副表面产生氧化磨损、粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和犁沟磨损,形成转移润滑膜,此时摩擦因数较低,磨损率也相对较低。     

钢/玻璃的摩擦磨损性能动态观测研究

本实验在自行设计的摩擦磨损动态观测实验机进行,摩擦副之间的接触采用球一盘式接触。研究表明：当以较低速度滑动时,钢球表面的氧化物起到抗磨作用;滑动速度达到一定值时,氧化膜的生成速度小于氧化膜的磨损速度,摩擦表面为粘着磨损;当滑动速度继续升高时,摩擦表面的活化能增加,氧化加速．又出现氧化磨损;而滑动速度过高时,粘着磨损成为主要磨损形式,同时由于磨粒的作用,表面也发生疲劳磨损和磨料磨损．致使磨损急剧增加;表面层在摩擦热导致的高温条件下,氧化膜的生成速度又有所增加,氧化磨损为主要形式。     

Effect of different surface treatments and coatings on the scuffing performance of hardened steel discs at very high sliding speeds

The paper describes the results of scuffing experiments using a high speed two disc rig, in which a range of different surface treatments and coatings was investigated. The rig used is capable of simulating the operation of heavily loaded gear contacts in terms of maximum Hertzian contact pressure (up to 1.7 GPa), temperature (100 °C oil feed), and sliding speed (up to 25 m/s). The reference scuffing performance was that of axially ground case-carburised or nitrided steel discs having a surface finish of 0.4 μm Ra. The different surface conditions were as follows. The ground discs were superfinished to less than 0.1 μm Ra using a proprietary polishing method. Two different super-hard coatings were investigated. The main conclusions to be drawn from the work are: nitrided surfaces are superior to case-carburised surfaces, but it is essential to remove the compound layer (‘white layer’) to achieve durability at high sliding speeds. The benefits of superfinishing are clearly demonstrated; this improves the scuffing performance and also gives lower friction and bulk temperatures. Hard coatings show promise, and the triple combination of nitriding, superfinishing and hard coating gave particularly impressive scuffing resistance in these tests.     

Compositional changes in lubricated sliding metal surfaces related to seizure

This paper presents an investigation into the mechanisms of failure in lubricated sliding metal contacts. Reciprocated sliding with cylinder-on-disc geometry was performed with three types of lubricants based on polyalphaolefin (PAO) oils and three sets of additives. The normal force and sliding speed were chosen to give partial scuffing or seizure within a few hours. The chemical surface films which form through reactions between additives in the lubricants and the metal surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, before and after the onset of seizure. It is concluded that all three oils formed a rigid surface film as a result of a combination of chemical and mechanical actions in the contact surface. Seizure was initiated by mechanical fatigue and disruption of the film which exposed the metal surfaces to severe scuffing. It Was Also Noticed that different additives gave different friction and wear properties to the contact system.     

Sliding velocity dependency of the friction coefficient of Si-containing diamond-like carbon film under oil lubricated condition

In this study we investigated the sliding velocity dependency of the coefficient of friction for a Si-containing diamond-like carbon (DLC-Si) film in an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) under a wide range of contact pressures. The DLC-Si film and a nitrided steel with a surface roughness, Rz_JIS, of around 3.0 μm were used as disk specimens. A high-carbon chromium steel (JIS-SUJ2) bearing ball was used as a ball specimen. Friction tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk friction apparatus under a wide range of sliding velocites (0.1-2.0 m/s) and contact pressures (P_max: 0.42-3.61 GPa) in ATF. The friction coefficients for the nitrided steel had a tendency to decrease with an increase in sliding veloicity under all the contact pressure conditions; however, the friction coefficients for the DLC-Si film were stable with respect to sliding velocities under all the contatct pressures. These results indicate that the DLC-Si film suppresses the stick-slip motion during sliding againt steel in ATF, which is a desired frictional characteristic for the electromagnetic clutch disks used under lubrication. Furthermore, the DLC-Si film showed a higher wear resistance and lower aggression on the steel ball specimen than the nitrided steel. There were less hydrodynamic effects on the friction coefficient for the DLC-Si film possibly due to maintenance of the initial surface roughness and its poorer wettability with the fluid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the sliding surfaces revealed that the adsorption film derived from the succinimide on the sliding surfaces of the DLC-Si film and the mating steel ball also contributed to the sufficient and less sliding-velocity-dependant friction coefficients.     

热压Ni-MoS2自润滑复合材料在不同温度的往复摩擦磨损特性

采用自润滑复合材料,对提高某些机械摩擦副的使用寿命有很显著的效果。研究了热压Ni-MoS2自润滑复合材料与GCr15钢球组成的点接触配对副,在室温和高温条件下进行微幅往复摩擦运动时的自润滑特性。考察了载荷、温度及MoS2含量对摩擦系数和磨损率的影响,并借助扫描电镜观察磨损表面的形貌特征。结果表明：摩擦系数随载荷增加而不断提高;温度在400℃以下时,摩擦系数能保持较低数值;在室温和250℃时,含60%MoS2的复合材料均具有最低磨损率;提高MoS2含量有助于改善高温自润滑性;MoS2转移润滑膜的完整程度可作为Ni-MoS2复合材料自润滑性能好坏的判据。     

The effect of phosphating on the friction and wear properties of grey cast iron

The friction and wear resistance of two commercial manganese phosphate coatings have been evaluated. Grey cast iron wear pins were treated by the two processes and were tested by sliding against a steel disc, under both lubricated and dry sliding wear conditions.Phosphating increases the sliding distance to scuffing as well as the scuffing load, whilst marginally reducing the coefficient of friction. No advantage was found in phosphating dry sliding surfaces.Phosphating reduces the likelihood of adhesive wear in marginal or poorly lubricated sliding couples. The choice of phosphate coating is primarily dependent on the surface finish of the sliding counterface; thin coatings are suitable if the counterface is smooth but thicker coatings are superior against rougher surfaces.     

Scuffing Performance of Amorphous Carbon During Dry-Sliding Contact

Scuffing is a major problem that limits the life and reliability of sliding tribo-components. When scuffing occurs, friction force rises sharply and is accompanied by an increase in noise and vibration; severe wear and plastic deformation also occur on the damaged surface. Attempts have been made over the years to combat scuffing by enhancing the surface properties of the machine elements, and by methods involving lubricant formulation and coating application.

In this study, the authors evaluated the scuffing performance of an amorphous, near-frictionless carbon (NFC) coating that provides super-low friction under dry sliding conditions. The test configuration used a ball-on-flat contact in reciprocating sliding. The coating was deposited on HI3 steel. An uncoated 52100 steel ball was tested against various coated flats in room air. Compared to uncoated surfaces, the carbon coating increased the scuffing resistance of the sliding surfaces by two orders of magnitude. Microscopic analysis shows that scuffing occurred on coaled surfaces only if the coating had been completely removed. It appears that depending on coating type, the authors observed that coating failure occurs before scuffing failure by one of two distinct mechanisms: the coating failed in a brittle manner and by spoiling, or by gradual wear.