基于光学锁相环的高稳定度激光稳频方法研究

报道了一种基于光学锁相环的高稳定度激光稳频方法,用于提高可调谐外腔半导体激光器(TECDL)的频率稳定度和准确度。自行研制的光学锁相环电路采用数字鉴相与差分运算相结合的方式获得高灵敏度的鉴频鉴相误差信号,并通过高速模拟PID实现整个系统的闭环锁定。利用该光学锁相环系统进行了TECDL偏频锁定至光学频率梳(OFC)的实验,实验结果表明环路锁定后拍频频率波动在±0.3Hz范围内,偏置频率为50MHz时,光学锁相环系统在1s和1000s积分时间的相对阿伦方差分别为1.5×10^-9和8.5×10^-13。系统锁定后,拍频线宽由500kHz压缩至2kHz。该研究表明采用基于光学锁相环的激光稳频方法可以实现亚Hz级的激光频差控制,通过将TECDL偏频锁定至高稳定度的参考激光源可显著提高其频率稳定度,使其能够满足超精密测量、冷原子/离子干涉测量等领域对激光频率稳定度和准确度的要求。     

一种明显提高相位测距分辨率的方法

本文从原理和实验两方面提出了一种明显提高相位测距分辨率的方法.应用差频模拟锁相环(APLL)专用集成电路KD080H,作者设计制作出一种环路噪声带宽小于1Hz的晶体分频APLL,并成功用于相位检测频率1.5kHz的相位测距系统.实验表明,在光电信号频率为15MHz,晶体滤波器带宽500Hz,所得信号信噪比仅为40dB的条件下,测距分辨率可优于0.5mm,比应用中心频率1.5kHz带宽50Hz的有源滤波器测距系统的分辨率提高约7倍.该方法还具有结构简单,成本低,使用方便等优点.     

用于原子干涉仪的光学锁相环系统

研制了一种用于原子干涉仪的外差式光学锁相环系统，实现了两台外腔半导体激光器频率和相位的同步，锁相后的激光拍频线宽低于1 Hz，10 MHz积分带宽内的残余相位噪音为0.002 rad2，频偏1~100 kHz范围内的相位噪音达到-100 dBc/Hz。研究了闭环相位噪音对原子干涉仪的影响，当自由演化时间为200 ms、拉曼π脉冲时间为30 μs、单次循环时间为1 s时，锁相后相位噪音对重力测量灵敏度的贡献为10μGal?Hz-1/2     

应用于边带调制PDH激光稳频的信号源设计

基于直接数字频率合成芯片AD9959、锁相环芯片ADF4351,结合开源电子平台Arduino（基于微处理器ATmega328）,建立参考到同一个外部频率参考的多路信号源,能够输出频率为0 Hz～4.4 GHz的正弦波,频率、相位、幅度可以通过USB端口和控制面板灵活控制,通过混频和叠加等手段,产生边带调制PDH激光稳频需要的调制信号和解调信号。该信号源集成度高、成本低且能在实验室条件下替代商品仪器应用于边带调制PDH激光稳频等实验,解决了限制边带调制PDH激光稳频推广应用的一个重要障碍。     

用于引力波探测的星间激光干涉测量模拟系统

星间激光干涉仪具有比地面干涉仪更长的干涉臂(10⁶ km),能够探测更低频段0.1 mHz～1 Hz的引力波。星间激光干涉仪具有典型的应答式外差干涉仪结构,其本质是一个光学锁相环。在地面环境下搭建模拟的星间激光干涉仪,成功将从激光器的频率锁定到稳频的主激光器频率上。结果显示：锁相环的锁定时间超过2×10⁴ s,满足了低频信号的探测条件;在较短位移和较长位移的不同条件下,干涉仪无粗大误差。经过分析得出：温度、气压等环境扰动带来的噪声是制约干涉仪精度的关键因素。     

PTB所建激光干涉振动一次绝对校准标准简析

按照ISO/16063-11：1999《激光干涉绝对法振动校准》所述,激光干涉振动一次绝对校准方法主要有条纹计数法、最小点法与正弦逼近法三种,其复现频率范围为1Hz～10kHz.而德国联邦物理技术研究院（PTB）现已建立和保存的低频、中频、高频振动激光干涉一次绝对校准标准的复现频率范围则达0.1Hz～20kHz.此外,PTB还实现了旋转运动物理量值--角加速度的复现;其复现频率范围也达到0.3Hz～1kHz.作为曾在PTB1.22实验室进行过研究工作的访问学者,作者旨在通过对PTB所建激光干涉振动一次绝对校准标准的     

噪声温度计用放大器设计与性能评估

低噪声、低失真、高共模抑制比的放大器对于噪声法测量热力学温度至关重要。设计了由前置放大、仪表放大和缓冲放大3级组成的噪声温度计用高性能放大器。其中,采用具有超低噪声的结型场效应对管IF9030作为前置差分放大级的输入;研制了自动化测量对管转移特性的装置,用于在大批量对管中挑选匹配度更优的器件;采用互相关技术压低电路中不相关的噪声,从而确保能够准确测量到被放大器背景噪声淹没的非线性失真信号;重点评估了放大器在1MHz带宽内的共模抑制比和放大器受双频激励时的非线性失真。测量结果表明,放大器的背景噪声为1.2nV/Hz1/2;100kHz带宽内的共模抑制比优于90dB,100kHz至1MHz带宽内的共模抑制比会随着频率的增加而降低,但不低于70dB;放大器受频率为400kHz、401kHz,幅度有效值为8μV的双频信号激励时,产生的二阶交调失真信号比双频信号低79dB,二阶谐波失真信号比双频信号低85dB。     

水声材料宽带隔声测试方法研究

水声材料声学测试主要包括吸声测试和隔声测试等,在水声工程中,水声材料声学测试具有非常重要的地位。为解决传统自由场方法测试频率下限过高而无法完全满足实际工程应用和研究需要的难题,基于B＆K3560C数据采集分析系统和大型消声水池,提出了一种以脉冲调制的宽带白噪声为测试信号、以组合宽带换能器为发射系统、以虚拟仪器测试技术为基础的新的水声材料宽带隔声测试方法,并用于钢板的水下隔声测试。实测结果表明：在测试频带500Hz～20kHz范围内,平均偏差仅为0.25dB,低频限达到2kHz左右。与常规测试方法相比,该方法在测试效率、测试精度和低频限等方面改善效果明显,且易实现,值得推广。     

基于锁相环的解调技术研究

介绍了调相信号的锁相解调技术基本原理以及利用集成锁相环NE564实现对信号的锁相解调。为了解调出不失真的波形,利用集成锁相环NE564和LM725CN芯片设计PM调制解调系统,可以直接实现信号的调制解调功能,利用相位能稳定跟踪的特点避免了频率失锁的缺陷,提高了测量精度。该系统具有操作简单、稳定性强的优点,并在激光外差干涉信号的解调中具有较强的实用性。     

2～50 kHz高频振动幅值和相位基准的研究

在外差激光干涉原理的基础上,提出了改进的外差正弦逼近法和基于波峰波谷的外差时间间隔法,研制了Mach-Zehnder外差式激光干涉仪和信号调理仪,构建了PXI虚拟仪器测量系统,在压电高频(2～50 kHz)振动台上.实现了1～500 nm振幅范围内的纳米级振动传感器灵敏度幅值和相移的测量,建立了国家高频振动幅值和相位基准,并在2～10 kHz频率范围内完成中国计量科学研究院(NIM)与德国物理技术研究院(FIB)的国际比对.     

Characterization technique of optical whispering gallery mode resonators in the microwave frequency domain for optoelectronic oscillators

Optical Q factor measurements are performed on a whispering gallery mode (WGM) disk resonator using a microwave frequency domain approach instead of using an optical domain approach. An absence of hysteretic behavior and a better linearity are obtained when performing linewidth measurements by using a microwave modulation for scanning the resonances instead of the piezoelectric-based frequency tuning capability of the laser. The WGM resonator is then used to stabilize a microwave optoelectronic oscillator. The microwave output of this system generates a 12.48 GHz signal with -94 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10 kHz offset.     

Tunable, Q-switched Tm,Ho:LLF laser with a conductively cooled triangular prism rod

We have developed a conductively cooled, Q-switched 2 μm laser with a triangular-prism Tm,Ho:LLF rod. Using a fused-silica acousto-optic Q-switch, the laser produced an output energy of 30 mJ in a single Q-switched pulse at a pulse repetition frequency of 5 Hz. Although the laser rod had polished lateral surfaces, no parasitic oscillation occurred, even at the maximum pumping level. In addition, broadly tunable laser performance was achieved with a birefringent filter plate under relatively large output coupling. The laser could be continuously tuned from 2051 to 2069 nm. Measured tuning characteristics were in reasonable agreement with calculated results.     

Linearization of the frequency sweep of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave semiconductor laser radar and the resulting ranging performance

The performance of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) semiconductor laser radar has been examined. Frequency modulation (linear chirp) has been studied experimentally in detail. To create a linear frequency sweep, we modified the modulating function according to the measured frequency response of the laser, using an arbitrary function generator. The measurements indicate the possibility of achieving a spectral width of the signal peak that is transform limited rather than limited by the frequency modulation response of the laser, which permits the use of a narrow detection bandwidth. The narrow width results in a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio for low output power and thus also in relatively long-range and high-range accuracy. We have performed measurements of a diffuse target to determine the performance of a test laser radar system. The maximum range, range accuracy, and speed accuracy for a semiconductor laser with an output power of 10 mW and a linewidth of 400 kHz are presented. The influence of the laser's output power and coherence length on the performance of a semiconductor-laser-based FMCW laser radar is discussed.     

Analysis of an automatic phase adjustment system for the output signal of a quantum group frequency and time keeper

An phase locked loop (PLL) system for the output signal of a quantum group frequency and time keeper is studied. A mathematical model of an PLL system is constructed and recommendations are provided for optimizing its parameters. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3. pp. 21–26, March, 2008.     

Imaging in diffuse media with pulsed-ultrasound-modulated light and the photorefractive effect

Acousto-optic imaging in diffuse media is a dual wave-sensing technique in which an acoustic field interacts with multiply scattered laser light. The acoustic field causes a phase modulation in the optical field emanating from the interaction region, and this phase-modulated optical field carries with it information about the local optomechanical properties of the media. We report on the use of a pulsed ultrasound transducer to modulate the optical field and the use of a photorefractive-crystal-based interferometry system to detect ultrasound-modulated light. The use of short pulses of focused ultrasound allows for a one-dimensional acousto-optic image to be obtained along the transducer axis from a single, time-averaged acousto-optic signal. The axial and lateral resolutions of the system are controlled by the spatial pulse length and width of the ultrasound beam, respectively. In addition, scanning the ultrasound transducer in one dimension yields two-dimensional images of optical inhomogeneities buried in turbid media.     

基于长度可调T形光声腔和掺铒光纤激光器的光声光谱气体浓度测量系统

应用光声光谱原理设计了气体浓度测量系统。针对C2H2气体运用了掺铒光纤激光器作为光源。光声腔为新型长度可调T形一阶纵向共振式光声腔,调制频率为1099 Hz。将成熟的二次谐波检测技术作为信号处理的基本原理,采用三角波调制并得到受调制后光源输出信号曲线。将二次谐波系数与一次谐波系数的比值作为系统输出,并得到影响其因素的曲线关系。对不同浓度的乙炔气体的实验结果表明,该系统的检测灵敏度为9.634×10^-6,信噪比为41.52 dB。     

自由空间量子密钥分发中的信号同步解决方案

针对目前自由空间量子密钥分发（QKD）中的信号同步这一难点问题,提出一种采用外置光信号来解决信号同步问题的方案——光同步方案。在发送端利用声光调制器将外置激光器的连续激光分割成周期光脉冲序列,并作为同步光信号发送给接收端。接收端采用光电倍增管接收同步光脉冲信号,生成一个与发送端严格同步的信号,以此作为接收端的时基标准来进行单光子计数。采用高频的内部时钟信号来“监视”接收到的同步信号,从而提高计数准确性。该方案具有长距离性、无线性、低复杂度等特点,已成功应用于一个基于B92协议的自由空间QKD系统中。     

Low threshold, diode end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 self-Raman laser

Low threshold, high efficient Raman laser output has been realized from a compact, diode end-pumped, self-stimulating Nd³⁺:GdVO₄ Raman laser. Maximum Raman output power of 100 mW was achieved at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 10 kHz with 1.8 W pump power. The optical efficiency is 5.6% from diode to Raman laser and the slope efficiency is 8%. The lowest threshold for the SRS process is only 400 mW at a PRF of 5 kHz. By generating second harmonics using a LBO crystal, 3 mW 588 nm yellow laser was also produced. A strong blue emission was observed in the Nd³⁺:GdVO₄ crystal when the Raman laser output, we contribute this for the upconversion of the Nd³⁺ in the crystal.