Graphene Structures-Based 2D Nanotransistors (Review)

Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics - The structure and main parameters of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on gapless graphene (Gr) and its derivatives with semiconducting...     

天线增益频带特性确定的一种简单方法

介绍了用卫星源法测量卫星通信地球站天线的特点。简述了利用3dB和10dB波束宽度确定地球站天线增益的原理和方法。提出了利用外推法确定天线增益频段特性的一种简单方法。对波束宽度法测量增益的误差进行了分析和估算,其均方根误差±0.387dB。最后给出了某工程应用的C波段15m地球站天线增益测量结果,增益测量结果与理论计算结果吻合很好。     

一种新的确定少子产生特性的方法--瞬态电容弛豫谱方法

本文基于差值取样谱定理,提出一种用于同时确定少子寿命及表面产生速度的新方法———瞬态电容弛豫谱方法,该方法利用谱的峰值位置和高度能同时、准确、唯一地得到少子寿命及表面产生速度．同时将该方法与Ｚｅｒｂｓｔ方法得到的结果进行了对比．     

Mass Production of 2D Manifolds of Graphene Oxide by Shear Flow

Self-organizing 2D sheets into a 3D structure with a well-defined arrangement and tuned bandgap has garnered significant interest. However, there exist challenges such as scalable and feasible synthetic methods and preservation of 2D properties while preventing re-stacking. Herein, a facile method for the mass production of 2D manifolds of graphene oxide (GO), which are 3D microtubes, while maintaining their 2D properties by applying shear to roll up GO sheets, is reported. The GO mesotubes are formed by shear flow in aluminum–glass parallel plates. Redox reaction plays a vital role during the formation of GO mesotubes by the vorticity alignment during slow shear flow. A high yield of 94% is achieved at an initial pH of 2.2. The maximum d-spacing of the GO sheet in the tube wall is 21 nm, indicating no re-stacking of the graphitic structure. It is demonstrated that the GO mesotubes behaves like a soft gel, rendering them a candidate material for soft robotics, e-skins, and a visible light sensor owing to their reduced optical bandgap.     

Molecular Diffusion–Driven Motion in 2D Graphene Film

Here, a new mode for driving the motion of graphene films on water by organic molecular diffusion is reported. Because of ultralight weight, micro/nanochannels constructed by interlayered sheets, the hydrophobic nature of graphene, and the one‐way 2D diffusion of organic molecules into water induce force/torque for driving the movement of the film. It is worth mentioning that the rectangular film filled with ethanol (1 cm × 2 cm) shows a high rotational speed of 300 rpm on the water. Importantly, the continuous rotation of the graphene film can be realized by continuously adding the collected ethanol from the ethanol–water mixture under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the folded graphene film filled with ethanol can push a porcelain boat (12 g) on water with a velocity of 50 mm s^?1. Thus, it is believed that this new driving mode can be applied in the fields of microflow reactors, electric generating device, minisensors, and actuators.     

1D/2D Nanomaterials Synergistic,Compressible, and Response Rapidly 3D Graphene Aerogel for Piezoresistive Sensor

Graphene‐based aerogels have been widely studied for their high porosity, good compressibility, and electrical conductivity as piezoresistive sensors. However, the fabrication of graphene aerogel sensors with good mechanical properties and excellent sensing properties simultaneously remains a challenge. Therefore, in this study, a novel nanofiber reinforced graphene aerogel (aPANF/GA) which has a 3D interconnected hierarchical microstructure with surface‐treated PAN nanofiber as a support scaffold throughout the entire graphene network is designed. This 3D interconnected microporous aPANF/GA aerogel combines an excellent compressive stress of 43.50 kPa and a high piezoresistive sensitivity of 28.62 kPa^?1 as well as a wide range (0–14 kPa) linear sensitivity. When aPANF/GA is used as a piezoresistive sensor, the compression resilience is excellent, the response time is fast at about 37 ms at 3 Pa, and the structural stability and sensing durability are good after 2600 cycles. Indeed, the current signal value is 91.57% of the initial signal value at 20% compressive strain. Furthermore, the assembled sensors can monitor the real time movement of throat, wrist pulse, fingers, wrist, and knee joints of the human body at good sensitivity. These excellent features enable potential applications in health detection.     

2D Material-Based Photo- and Nanoelectronics. Part III. Photosensors Based on Graphene,Graphene-Like,and Related 2D Nanomaterials

Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics - We review the photosignal formation mechanisms, architecture, and main parameters of photosensors based on group-III, IV, V, and VI monoatomic...     

基于链路间干扰辅助的中继D2D系统安全通信方法

在包含中继节点的D2D(Device-to-Device)系统中,针对蜂窝链路与D2D链路同时受窃听的问题,提出一种基于链路间干扰辅助的中继D2D系统安全通信方法.首先,确定蜂窝链路与D2D链路上下行发送模式;然后,在基站与中继节点的发送信号中添加人工噪声,协作干扰窃听者;最后,对基站功率分配与D2D功率控制进行了优化,以实现不同类型链路间干扰辅助保障系统安全.仿真结果表明,所提出的安全通信方法在保密速率方面比SVD(Singular Value Decomposition)与ZF(Zero-Forcing)预编码方法提高了1.5bit/s/Hz.     

ADSL系统中D/A&A/D变换器分辨率的确定

D/A,A/D变换器是ADSL系统中的重要组成部分.D/A,A/D变换器的分辨率越高,系统性能越好,但系统成本也越高.系统设计时需要兼顾两方面的要求.通过理论分析,给出了在确保系统性能的情况下,D/A,A/D变换器的最小分辨率的确定方法.     

Highly Elastic and Conductive N‐Doped Monolithic Graphene Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications

The simple synthesis of ultralow‐density (≈2.32 mg cm^?3) 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels that exhibit high electrical conductivity and excellent compressibility are described herein. Aerogels are synthesized using a combined hydrothermal and thermal annealing method in which hexamethylenetetramine is employed as a reducer, nitrogen source, and graphene dispersion stabilizer. The N‐binding configurations of rGO aerogels increase dramatically, as evidenced by the change in pyridinic‐N/quaternary‐N ratio. The conductivity of this graphene aerogel is ≈11.74 S m^?1 at zero strain, whereas the conductivity at a compressive strain of ≈80% is ≈704.23 S m^?1, which is the largest electrical conductivity reported so far in any 3D sponge‐like low‐density carbon material. In addition, the aerogel has excellent hydrophobicity (with a water contact angle of 137.4°) as well as selective absorption for organic solvents and oils. The compressive modulus (94.5 kPa; ρ ≈ 2.32 mg cm^?3) of the rGO aerogel is higher than that of other carbon‐based aerogels. The physical and chemical properties (such as high conductivity, elasticity, high surface area, open pore structure, and chemical stability) of the aerogel suggest that it is a viable candidate for the use in energy storage, electrodes for fuel cells, photocatalysis, environmental protection, energy absorption, and sensing applications.     

Elastic Properties of 2D Ultrathin Tungsten Nitride Crystals Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition

3D transition metal nitrides are well recognized for their good electrical conductivity, superior mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. Recently, 2D transition metal nitrides have been successfully prepared in the form of nanosheets and show potential application in energy storage. However, the synthesis of highly crystalline and well‐shaped 2D nitrides layers is still in demand for the investigation of their intrinsic physical properties. The present paper reports the growth of ultrathin tungsten nitride crystals on SiO₂/Si substrates by a salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method. High‐resolution transmission microscopy confirms the as‐grown samples are highly crystalline WN. The stiffness of ultrathin WN is investigated by atomic force microscopy–based nanoindentation with the film suspended on circular holes. The 3D Young's modulus of few‐layer (4.5 nm thick or more) WN is determined to be 3.9 × 10² ± 1.6 × 10² GPa, which is comparable with the best experimental reported values in the 2D family except graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. The synthesis approach presented in this paper offers the possibilities of producing and utilizing other highly crystalline 2D transition‐metal nitride crystals.     

石墨烯量子点光学非线性特性及其应用进展

石墨烯量子点(GQD)是碳量子点的一种,不仅具有碳量子点的优良性质,还具有其他量子点无法比拟的光学特性。概括了石墨烯量子点光学非线性原理特点,由于其二阶或三阶非线性电极化强度决定非线性光学的特性,并且其表面导电性呈各向同性,选择一种更加合理的方法来描述其光学非线性,由此论述得到其三阶电流的表现形式。随后,详细阐述了国内外对在光电领域、生物光子领域和催化领域中GQD的研究成果,简要分析了其性能参数、作用特点、潜在能力等,指出了GQD目前面临的关键技术问题,并对此从制备方案设计和优化作用机制等方面阐述了技术解决途径,最后对未来GQD的应用前景进行了展望。     

Hierarchically CdS Decorated 1D ZnO Nanorods‐2D Graphene Hybrids: Low Temperature Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

A simple, low‐temperature synthesis approach is reported for planting CdS‐sensitized 1D ZnO nanorod arrays on the 2D graphene (GR) sheet to obtain the ternary hierarchical nanostructures, during which graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor of GR acts as a flexible substrate for the formation of ZnO nanorod arrays. The hierarchical CdS‐1D ZnO‐2D GR hybrids can serve as an efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst for selective organic transformations. The fast electron transport of 1D ZnO nanorods, the well‐known electronic conductivity of 2D GR, the intense visible‐light absorption of CdS, the unique hierarchical structure, and the matched energy levels of CdS, ZnO and GR efficiently boost the photogenerated charge carriers separation and transfer across the interfacial domain of hierarchical CdS‐1D ZnO‐2D GR hybrids under visible light irradiation via three‐level electron transfer process. Furthermore, the superior reusability of ternary hybrids is achieved by controlling the reaction parameters, i.e., using visible light irradiation and holes scavenger to prevent ZnO and CdS from photocorrosion. This work demonstrates a facile way of fabricating hierarchical CdS‐1D ZnO‐2D GR hybrids in a controlled manner and highlights a promising scope of adopting integrative photosensitization and co‐catalyst strategy to design more efficient semiconductor‐based composite photocatalysts toward solar energy capture and conversion.     

Advanced Compressible and Elastic 3D Monoliths beyond Hydrogels

3D monoliths have undergone great progress in the past decades in scientific and engineering fields. Especially, compressible and elastic 3D monoliths (CEMs) hold great promise in a series of applications, such as pressure/strain sensing, energy storage, oil/water separation, and thermal insulation, attributed to their unique mechanical properties and multifunctionality (e.g., conductivity, thermal stability, and high adsorption capacity). Recently, plenty of advanced CEMs have been developed from 1D and 2D building blocks, polymers, and biomass via various methods. Herein, the latest progress in controllable design and preparation of advanced CEMs, which mainly refer to aerogels, sponges, and foams, are reviewed in terms of their structural units and applications. The relationship between structure and mechanical performances of CEMs is discussed. Moreover, their applications in sensing, energy storage and conversion, water treatment, fire‐resistance, and electromagnetic interface shielding are presented. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of CEMs are also discussed.     

Oxidation‐Resistant and Elastic Mesoporous Carbon with Single‐Layer Graphene Walls

An oxidation‐resistant and elastic mesoporous carbon, graphene mesosponge (GMS), is prepared. GMS has a sponge‐like mesoporous framework (mean pore size is 5.8 nm) consisting mostly of single‐layer graphene walls, which realizes a high electric conductivity and a large surface area (1940 m² g^?1). Moreover, the graphene‐based framework includes only a very small amount of edge sites, thereby achieving much higher stability against oxidation than conventional porous carbons such as carbon blacks and activated carbons. Thus, GMS can simultaneously possess seemingly incompatible properties; the advantages of graphitized carbon materials (high conductivity and high oxidation resistance) and porous carbons (large surface area). These unique features allow GMS to exhibit a sufficient capacitance (125 F g^?1), wide potential window (4 V), and good rate capability as an electrode material for electric double‐layer capacitors utilizing an organic electrolyte. Hence, GMS achieves a high energy density of 59.3 Wh kg^?1 (material mass base), which is more than twice that of commercial materials. Moreover, the continuous graphene framework makes GMS mechanically tough and extremely elastic, and its mean pore size (5.8 nm) can be reversibly compressed down to 0.7 nm by simply applying mechanical force. The sponge‐like elastic property enables an advanced force‐induced adsorption control.     

亚波长结构的抗反射特性三维TLM方法模拟

传输线矩阵(Transmission line matrix,以下简称TLM)方法,根据场方程和传输线方程之间的相似性,用等效分布传输线网络模拟给定结构,在时间和空间上进行离散化,是一种强有力的三维时域电磁场数值仿真算法.简要介绍三维扩展型结点TLM方法的模型、激励源和边界条件,并使用该方法对亚波长结构的抗反射特性进行模拟研究,为进一步深入探讨该结构的抗反射特性、进行优化设计提供依据.     

面向蜂窝网络的D2D多播通信的分簇和中继选择方法

传统蜂窝网络中,信道衰减的随机性和不确定性导致小区边缘用户的接收性能很差,尤其是面向视频传输等速率要求较高时其弊端更加凸显。D2D通信因其配置灵活性可作为传统蜂窝网络架构的有利补充,能有效改善边缘用户的性能。该文针对D2D通信的多播传输,分析了系统最小时延成本下的中继数量和分簇算法,提出一种基于分簇和中继选择的低时延D2D多播方案。该方案可以自适应选择多播重传中的中继的数量和中继节点到基站的距离,同时给出最优的带宽资源分配机制。仿真结果表明,与其他方案相比,所提方法能有效减少系统时延,提高边缘用户体验和系统性能。     

一种平面图像立体化的新方法

基于对人类心理立体视觉和生理立体视觉的理论分析和实验研究,发现在一幅平面图像的各个图像单元中引入随机交叉视差异和随机非交叉视差异之后,其双眼深度暗示效果会明显增强的立体视觉现象,并由此提出了一种新颖且实用的在仅含有心理立体视觉深度暗示的平面图像中随机加入双眼视差异的平面图像立体化方法.     

Facile Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from 3D Graphene and their Application for Fe3+ Sensing

Owing to their small size, biocompatibility, unique and tunable photoluminescence, and physicochemical properties, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are an emerging class of zero‐dimensional materials promising a wide spectrum of novel applications in bio‐imaging, optical, and electrochemical sensors, energy devices, and so forth. Their widespread use, however, is largely limited by the current lack of high yield synthesis methods of high‐quality GQDs. In this contribution, a facile method to electrochemically exfoliate GQDs from three‐dimensional graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is reported. Furthermore, the use of such GQDs for sensitive and specific detection of ferric ions is demonstrated.