斗南锰矿井巷掘进与支护实践

巷道是矿山建设的基础组成部分,而掘进和支护是巷道施工必不可缺的两个步骤,做好矿山巷道掘进和支护工作显得尤为重要。本文介绍了云南文山斗南锰矿矿区地质概况及开拓方法,全面回顾了近几年斗南锰矿井巷掘进与支护技术的发展,阐述了矿山的平巷掘进、人行溜矿井掘进及喷锚支护技术。针对斗南锰矿平巷掘进过程中十分破碎的松软岩体,采用“超前支护、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护”综合技术,在实际应用中取得较好的效果。在此基础上对矿山掘进和支护的未来进行了展望。     

破碎巷道支护及稳定性监测

介绍了斗南锰矿对破碎矿脉内开拓巷道的支护方法及对巷道支护压力测量等的监测手段。     

金川矿区高应力破碎岩体条件下的巷道支护技术与工程实践

金川矿区是我国有色金属行业中特大型的地下矿山，该矿区工程地质条件复杂，岩体软弱破碎，地压大，大部分巷道处于不良岩层中，巷道支护是金川镍矿面临的一个严峻的问题。本文较系统的总结了金川矿区采用的各种巷道支护方式的支护效果，尤其是对喷锚网支护、巷道注浆加固支护、多种支护方式的联合支护技术进行了详细的阐述。并根据金川矿区多年来的工程实践经验，总结推荐出了在类似的高应力破碎岩体条件下各种井巷工程的最佳支护方式。     

金川二矿区接触破碎带调查与研究

通过对二矿区各类接触破碎带的调查与研究，运用节理统计分析、建立工程地质模型、接触带矿物分析等方法，分析了接触破碎带对金川二矿区岩体整体稳定性的影响。     

金川Ⅲ矿区副井井筒支护的探索与实践

Ⅲ矿区副井所在的岩石极度松软、破碎的混合岩，基础资料缺乏。按正常岩石条件和其它矿山参考设计井筒支护，公司管理部门、项目部、施工方密切协作，探讨出在不同稳固岩石条件下副井井简的支护方法，应运到施工中产生了良好的效果，为在松软、破碎状态下井筒的支护积累了经验。     

龙首矿破碎岩体掘进平巷支护实践

介绍了龙首矿矿区地区条件、在破碎岩体内掘进平巷支护的几种常用方法及效果。指出，用木材、混凝土预制块、钢筋混凝土、Ｕ形金属支架等方法，不能彻底解决该矿区巷道支护问题，应采用复合支护法，即在小断面巷道，用马蹄形的喷锚风联合支护；在大断面巷道采和矮直墙三心拱砌块加喷锚网或加钢筋混凝土复合支护。     

井下运输巷道及采场支护措施探讨

针对不同赋存地质条件下的开拓、采矿工程,如何保障工人作业环境安全前提下采出矿石,根据云南斗南分矿区井下安全管理工作多年积累的经验,提出了井下运输巷道及采场支护的一系列防护措施。     

基于FLAC3D数值模拟的破碎岩体巷道支护方法研究

破碎岩体的巷道支护一直是困扰我国矿山生产建设的重大问题,破碎巷道支护巨大的返修量不仅使整个矿山生产陷入困境,而且造成每年数额巨大的经济损失,因此,巷道支护问题的研究就显得非常重要.本文结合杨山庄矿区扩大生产规模的要求,以破碎岩体这一不良工程岩体为研究对象,提出了适合破碎巷道的支护方法,并运用有限差分岩土工程分析软件FL...     

超前管棚支护技术在矿山断层破碎带中的应用探讨

为解决传统支护方案在实际应用中存在抗力小,支护结构不牢固,无法提供施工支撑条件问题,开展超前管棚支护技术在矿山断层破碎带中的应用探讨。通过矿山断层破碎带超前钻孔探查、矿山断层破碎带超前钻孔注浆加固、基于超前管棚支护技术的破碎带支护,提出一种全新的支护方案。通过对比实验证明,新的支护方案与传统支护方案相比抗力明显增加,支撑可行性更高。     

金川矿区首条千米深井检测分析

二矿区18行副井因岩体条件的影响，局部井筒支护体受压后出现开裂，成井质量受到影响。通过对井筒的量测与观察，认为井筒整体符合规范要求，金川矿区中的竖井开挖与支护，应依据岩体破碎程度、地应力、井筒深度分别对待。     

Erosion-corrosion behavior of SiC particle-reinforced Al-Si alloy in NaOH slurry

The erosion-corrsosion behavior of SiC particle-reinforced Al-Si alloy has been studied in NaOH slurry simulating the mining atmosphere. The study was performed at two different sand concentrations, namely, 20 and 30 wt pct, and at a speed of 900 rpm. It is depicted that the wear rates decreased with increasing sand content, indicating that corrosion is the dominating mode of material removal. Further composite exhibited lower wear resistance than the laloys irrespective of the sand concentration. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicated the dissolution of dendrites of Al due to severe corrosion, leaving behind the network of Si. This ultimately results in the falling of Si particles from the matrix, leaving behind voids. This also results in the formation of voids around the SiC particles and leads to pullout of SiC particles from the matrix during the wear process.     

多种支护技术在宝山铅锌矿的应用及推广

湖南宝山有色金属矿业有限责任公司是一家历史悠久,从事以铅锌为主的多金属采选业务的矿山企业。随着矿山露采及浅部矿床开采完毕,矿山主要开拓及采准巷道已进入中深部。由于矿山围岩复杂,其中砂页岩、矽卡岩、花岗斑岩等不稳固岩层较多,再加上大小断层、裂隙发育,使得巷道支护成了开拓及采准工程首要解决的问题。经过多年的探索、实验,宝山铅锌矿已形成多种针对不同围岩的支护方式,且支护技术较成熟。     

PROPERTIES AND END USES OF CEMENTED CARBIDES

Abstract

The end uses of cemented carbides are probably more diverse than those of any other powder metallurgy product. The commonest use is to resist wear, but so many widely different wear mechanisms are encountered in practice that different grades of carbide must be produced to resist attrition, chemical erosion, micro chipping, and diffusion wear. In metal cutting high temperatures are frequently encountered, generally under conditions of severe temperature gradients so that high-temperature hardness and strength and a resistance to thermal stresses and thermal shock must be provided. Tools for operations such as wire and bar drawing, cold extrusion and cold heading require an optimum combination of hardness and strength. Generally such tools also require a very high quality of surface finish. Special measures are desirable to minimize porosity, and fortunately these also give considerable benefit from improvements in strength. Tools for mining applications show similar diversity in the properties required. The percussive rock drill in particular encounters a wide variety of service conditions and is an application where strength is often a limiting factor. Other tools such as those used for certain coal mining applications are less critical in their demands, and economic factors can influence the choice and quality of product. The paper reviews the properties and wear mechanisms that occur with the commoner uses of cemented carbide alloys. and describes how grades are ‘tailored’ to suit various applications.     

中锰白口铸铁的组织对其抗磨性的影响

中锰白口铸铁是适应我国资源和生产条件而研究发展的抵抗磨料磨损材料。由于其优异的经济效益和生产便利,已成功地用于制做砂浆泵体和分级机衬铁等矿山易磨件。
本文根据不同成分及热处理的中锰白口铸铁在各类磨料磨损试验机上测试的结果讨论组织对抗磨性的影响及此影响与各类磨料磨损的机制的关系。
低应力冲刷磨损的测试是在混砂盘及橡胶轮两种磨损试验机进行。高硬度的马氏体-碳化物组织最抗磨。脆性相的存在对抗磨性不利。硼加入中锰白口铸铁能使碳化物显微硬度和宏观硬度增加,但使强度和韧性降低。硼适量加入对抗磨性有利。这与此类磨损是宏观冲刷磨损机制有关。
高应力碾研磨损的测试是用肖盘对磨和三体滚轮挤轧两种磨损方式进行。抗磨性与硬度和韧性有关,但基体组织的显微硬度时常起决定性影响。中锰白口铸铁采用Cu Cr Mo综合合金化提高淬透性。残留奥体量大对抗磨性不利。这与此类磨损是以显微切削磨损机制为主有关。
最后小能量多次冲击磨损的测试是以冲头连续冲撞方式进行。抗磨性与材料的冲击韧性有很大关系。低碳含量,稀土变质处理改变碳化物为断开分布的板块状都可起有利影响。这是由于形变磨损机制在这类磨损中起主要作用。
如此可以得出结论,抗磨材料的最合适的组织与磨料磨损的类别和其磨损机制有关。     

基于数字化信息化的矿山绿色开采技术应用

绿色开采技术是绿色矿业的核心内容,也是解决矿山开采环境问题的根本出路。在阐述绿色开采内涵的基础上,基于数字化、信息化的特点和优势结合绿色开采的实际,提出资源开采环境数字化观点,将数字化、信息化与绿色开采相互结合,同步并举,以此使绿色开采理论及技术科学、高效、合理的应用到生产活动中;提出要建立绿色开采统一标准,指出绿色开采将借助于物联网形成感知矿山,最终发展为智能开采。同时探究绿色开采数字化存在的几个问题,并提出适当的建议。     

基于改进PCA与有序多分类Logistic的充填管道磨损风险评估

为准确预测矿山充填管道磨损风险,建立改进PCA与有序多分类Logistic回归组合的充填管道磨损风险评估模型。结合实际经验,选取12项指标（9项定量指标和3项定性指标）建立评估模型。依据改进PCA算法,筛除影响力指数小的充填料浆密度和充填料浆腐蚀性2项指标,将优选出的主要指标代入有序多分类Logistic回归模型,依照相应概率大小进行风险性等级判定,最后预测矿山充填管道磨损风险等级概率。该方法摒弃了关联性较低的指标,得到可靠的充填管道磨损风险概率分布,为类似矿山科学预测管道磨损风险及采取有效防护措施提供了理论依据。     

基于支持向量机的露天转地下开采边坡变形模型

提出了一种基于支持向量机的露天转地下开采边坡变形模型,有效表达了地下开采扰动引起露天矿边坡变形的非线性变化关系.采用RBF核函数学习现场监测数据,利用交叉验证选择模型参数,通过学习捕捉支持向量,建立模型预测未来变化趋势.将该模型应用于露天转地下开采的杏山铁矿.结果表明,支持向量机对学习样本的拟合精度极高,其预测精度也很高.采用捕捉的支持向量进行预测,便捷快速且有较强泛化能力.     

基于KPCA-IPSO-LSSVM的充填管道磨损风险预测

为克服传统预测模型存在的适用性差、预测精度不足和参数选取随意性强等缺陷,提出了一种将核主成分分析法(KPCA)、改进粒子群算法(IPSO)与最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)相结合的充填管道磨损风险预测新方法.通过KPCA对管道磨损影响因素进行特征提取,将提取结果作为LSSVM的输入,同时利用具有较强全局搜索能力的IPS...     

Interface Characterization of Abrasion Resistant Coatings Co‐Extruded on Steel Substrates

Materials with high resistance against abrasive wear are of interest for many tool applications e.g. in mining industry. A special issue is the cladding of these materials to low alloyed substrates for new protection purposes. A novel manufacturing route via direct hot extrusion of bulk steel bars and pre‐sintered tool steel powders was applied. In this manner, wear resistant claddings of PM tool steels on steel substrates were obtained. The microstructures at the interfaces between the steel substrate cores and the wear resistant coatings were characterized by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM and SEM/EDX) and electron‐probe microanalysis (EPMA). Hardness maps and profiles, as well as tensile tests on miniaturized samples were performed to obtain mechanical properties. Concentration profiles were calculated using the commercial software DICTRA showing a good agreement with the experiments. Carbon diffuses against the concentration gradient due to a higher activity into the substrate material leading to an increase of carbide volume fractions close to the interface. The mechanical tests show a brittle fracture region with high hardness localized about 50 μm away from the interface in the coating material.     

有色金属锚杆支护的关键理论教学研究

在有色金属开采的作业中,支护是保证施工人员安全生产的基石,其重要程度不言而喻,当下金属开采作业中常采用的支护方法有:支架型支护、砌筑型支护、锚杆性支护,生产作业时并不会单一使用支护类型,而是组合型使用不同的支护方法,在此本文不与赘述。本文将就我国有色金属矿山运用最多的锚杆支护做一个详细的研究分析,为教学研究提供一些实践以及理论知识支撑。