浅谈电气高压试验及安全措施

为了维护电力设施的正常运行，需要经常对相关的电力设备进行维修，为了保证维修人员的人身安全，必须要对相应的电力设备进行高压实验，文中介绍了几种常见的高压实验，并且阐述了在在电气高压实验的过程中，需要对相关的工作人员进行技术培训，燃气安全意识的培养。为了保证电气高压实验的顺利进行，制定了高压实验工作的相关规定，提出了有效控制电器高压实验的安全措施，和确保安全的客观技术措施。     

蜂王浆复合胶囊的毒理学研究

目的：蜂王浆复合胶囊为蜂王浆与中药组成的复方制剂，为了判断其对人体健康是否产生危害，进行了安全性毒理学评价。方法：急性毒性半数致死量（LD50）实验，小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验，精子畸变实验，Ames实验，30d喂养实验。结果：该胶囊经急性毒性半数致死量（LD50）实验，数据显示，该胶囊无毒，三项致突实验均为阴性结果，在传统致畸实验中未见大鼠发育毒性和胚胎毒性，在30d喂养实验中也无异常发现。结论：蜂王浆复合胶囊临床使用安全可靠。     

大学生创新实验的教学实践

探讨开展大学生创新实验的意义。实践证明，创新实验对培养大学生热爱化学，拓宽知识面，提高实验技能和综合素质有很好的效果，同时形成一大批高水平创新实验成果。     

烹饪专业实训课堂实验实践教学研究

随着社会主义市场经济的发展，餐饮行业作为服务行业的重要组成部分，呈现出欣欣向荣的态势。餐饮行业的发展需要大量的烹饪专业人才，对烹饪专业人才培养提出了新要求。本文主要分析了烹饪专业实训课堂实验实践教学的意义，提出了烹饪专业实训课堂实验实践教学的实现方式，即确定烹饪专业实训课堂实验实践教学体系，组织实验实践教学活动，教学实验实践教学评价，优化实验实践教学模式。     

Multisim仿真在电工电子实验中的应用

进入新世纪以后，高校的实验课程都在不断创新与改革，我们学校对电工电子实验课程的也不断的在改革与探索，我们将Multisim仿真引入实验教学，找出与传统实验的优势。我们在具体设计过程中结合实例给出Multisim仿真在电工电子实验中的应用。我们通过实验可以看出Multisim仿真在电工电子实验过程中提供一个平台，拓展了实验教学内容的广度和深度，为我们教学质量的提高提供一个新的方法与手段。     

甘薯糖蛋白功能研究一体外抗肿瘤与Ames实验

摘要：对两个品种的甘薯糖蛋白提取物的功能进行了研究，Ames实验结果表明两个实验样品均具有显著的抗突变作用，在实验剂量0～5000μg／皿的范围内，抑制强度与剂量呈相关趋势；体外抗肿瘤实验揭示，实验样品对COS-1、SHG-44、SKOV，细胞的抑制作用呈现剂最依赖性，最小抑制量为1．5μg/m1。     

机械设计虚拟实验系统的研究

一、国内外虚拟实验领域的发展概况和发展趋势 国外对虚拟实验已有研究，并应用于不同领域。工程上如LMS国际公司的LMS Virtual Lab提供集成平台，用于机械系统仿真以及相关属性分析。在教育界，虚拟实验室（Virtual Laboratory）已经出现，例如美国某大学为课程What is engineering建立了虚拟实验室，主要实验有Logic circuits、Robotic arm等。虚拟实验从在数学上建立模型、促进实验过程的优化、更方便的处理数据、以演示性实验为主到如同涉足真实实验现场、亲自动手做试验；在工程设计上，虚拟实验实现了缩短设计流程，简化设计过程的目的。     

非织造布的吸水扩散特性测试

本文利用自行研制的织物动态湿传递实验仪，对几种非织造材料的吸水扩散特性的测试，采用不同方法记录了实验结果，通过对实验结果的计算分析，证明了实验方法的有效性。     

大豆粕残油的影响因素及正交实验

对影响大豆粕残油的浸出因素进行了分析，在单因素实验研究的基础上，利用正交实验原理对多因素进行了实验研究。通过正交实验获得了较优的浸出工艺参数，在含水量为6％，浸出时间为80min，浸出温度为55℃时，可得到粕残油为0．6％的大豆粕。     

蓝坯回软消折技术研究

制革厂中由于蓝坯存放时间过长和过干，经常出现蓝坯坚硬起折的现象，使成革的制造及质量受到影响。本论文研究的目的旨在通过实验找出解决此问题的实用方法，以解决蓝坯坚硬起折的问题。实验中首先使用了制革中常用的酸性、碱性和酶等进行了单一材料对比实验，然后根据实验结果及实验方法对物性的影响进行了组合材料对比实验，并通过比较实验结果和测得的半成品革物理机械性能数据，如粒面抗崩裂强度、Ts，得出2个最优方法。实验的结果证明坯革用酸、碱及酶能被完全的回软消折，成革物性及感官检测均达到要求。     

终端突围

置身喧闹的王府井、南京路或上下九路．鳞次栉比的商铺让人眼花缭乱，大大小小的商场中不乏珠宝柜台的身影，红红绿绿的霓虹灯将珠宝专卖店的门面点缀得熠熠生辉。在珠宝业蓬勃发展的今天，抢滩更多的商场和繁华地段无疑成了诸多珠宝零售商考虑的重中之重。尤其是上游的一些珠宝批发商．在涉足零售领域时一定会考虑．究竟是和商场合作“看人脸色”呢，还是采取加盟或连锁经营方式自立门户？这正是珠宝企业面临着的一个重要抉择——商品零售终端业态的选择。     

Choosing chemicals for precautionary regulation: a filter series approach

The present case study develops and applies a systematic approach to the precautionary pre-screening of xenobiotic organic chemicals with respectto large-scale environmental threats. It starts from scenarios for uncontrollable harm and identifies conditions for their occurrence that then are related to a set of amplifying factors, such as characteristic isotropic spatial range p. The amplifying factors related to a particular scenario are combined in a pre-screening filter. It is the amplifying factors that can transform a potential local damage into a large-scale threat. Controlling the amplifying factors means controlling the scope and range of the potential for damage. The threshold levels for the amplifying factors of each filter are fixed through recourse to historical and present-day reference chemicals so as to filter out as many as possible of the currently regulated environmental chemicals and to allow the economically important compounds that pose no large-scale environmental concern. The totality of filters, with each filter corresponding to a particular threat scenario, provides the filter series to be used in precautionary regulation. As a demonstration, the filter series is then applied to a group of nonreferential chemicals. The case study suggests that the filter series approach may serve as a starting point for precautionary assessment as a scientific method of its own.     

用第Ⅴ类连杆曲线逼近双曲线综合槽轮连杆机构

本文提出了一种新的综合内槽轮机构的方法,利用双曲线的特性,把双曲线的一支作为给定轨迹,滚子作为一个连杆点,使滚子的轨迹按给定条件成为第Ⅴ类对称连杆曲线来逼近给定双曲线的近似直线部分。用优化设计方法,综合槽轮连杆机构,达到在槽轮机构分度转位时无冲击的目的。     

COMPLEX METHOD FOR NONLINEAR CONSTRAINED MULTI-CRITERIA (MULTI-OBJECTIVE FUNCTION) OPTIMIZATION of THERMAL PROCESSING

The goal in a multi‐objective function optimization problem is to optimize the several objective functions simultaneously. the complex method is a powerful algorithm to find the optimum of a general nonlinear function within a constrained region. the objective of this study was to apply the complex method to two different shapes (a sphere and a finite cylinder) subjected to the same thermal processing boundary conditions to find a variable process temperature profile (decision variable) to maximize the volume‐average retention of thiamine. A process temperature range of 5 to 150C was used as an explicit constraint. Implicit constraints were center temperature and accumulated center lethality of the sphere and the finite cylinder. the objective functions for both shapes were combined into a single one using a weighting method. Then, the previously developed complex algorithm was applied using Lexicographic Ordering to order the objective functions with respect to their significance. the results were reported as optimum variable process temperature profiles using the given geometries and objective functions. the thiamine retentions were also compared with a constant process temperature process, and 3.0% increase was obtained in the combined objective function. the results showed that the complex method can be successfully used to predict the optimum variable process temperature profiles in multi‐criteria thermal processing problems.     

Proteus在控制系统综合课程设计教学中的应用

控制系统综合课程设计是自动化专业高年级学生比较重要的一门实训课程,具有实践性、实用性极强的特点。学生对该课程中工作原理和波形分析等内容的理解难度较大。为了解决该问题,设计了单片机、AD、DA转换及驱动IGBT斩波器相关电路,用Proteus软件和程序进行实际电路的模拟,用虚拟示波器进行实时波形观察,帮助学生更好地理解并掌握这门课的相关知识。结果表明,将Proteus仿真应用于控制系统综合课程设计的教学,能将基于单片机的智能控制技术与电力电子技术有效地结合起来,提高了学生对相关知识融会贯通的能力,增强了学生对控制系统综合课程设计的理解能力和创新能力。     

Technical note: A simple rumen collection device for calves: An adaptation of a manual rumen drenching system

A limited amount of research is available related to the rumen microbiota of calves, yet there has been a recent spike of interest in determining the diversity and development of calf rumen microbial populations. To study the microbial populations of a calf's rumen, a sample of the rumen fluid is needed. One way to take a rumen fluid sample from a calf is by fistulating the animal. This method requires surgery and can be very stressful on a young animal that is trying to adapt to a new environment and has a depressed immune system. Another method that can be used instead of fistulation surgery is a rumen pump. This method requires a tube to be inserted into the rumen through the calf's esophagus. Once inside the rumen, fluid can be pumped out and collected in a few minutes. This method is quick, inexpensive, and does not cause significant stress on the animal. This technical note presents the materials and methodology used to convert a drenching system into a rumen pump and its respective utilization in 2 experiments using dairy bull calves.     

Opto-thermal measurements for the non-invasive, non-occlusive monitoring of in vivo skin condition

Opto-thermal transient radiometry (OTTER) is a non-invasive measurement technique, well suited for in vivo skin research. Its excitation and detection wavelengths can be selected to give a high sensitivity to stratum corneum hydration. This is demonstrated with measurements of hydration changes resulting from occlusion with a neoprene cover and with a topical application of an occlusive preparation. In the former case, the hydration was found to recover to normal levels upon exposure to atmospheric conditions in a characteristic time of 15 min. In the latter case, a topical application of petroleum jelly was found to lead to a doubling of stratum corneum hydration over 2h. This ability to measure hydration changes in the presence of topical hydrating agents is thought to be a particularly valuable property of the OTTER technique. With a different choice of excitation and detection wavelengths, OTTER can be used to measure skin thickness, from the surface down to the vascular bed. This technique was used to measure a skin thickness map of the ventral surface of the forearm of a volunteer, showing distinct thickening near the wrist and ulna. Another use of this technique is the study of changes in subcutaneous blood distribution associated with erythema. As a demonstration of this, blood distribution changes brought about by the topical application of a salicylate/nicotinate preparation were studied. The main finding is that the subcutaneous blood spreads towards the surface, with the mean depth decreasing from 63 μm to 55μm.     

A comparison of sensory attribute use by children and experts to evaluate chocolate

Children constitute a complex but interesting market for the food industry. The objective was to compare the sensory attributes generated and rated by a panel of 261 children from 9 to 11 years old with those of a trained panel of 10 adult experts in the food industry, using a range of eight chocolate products belonging to the child segment. In a first phase, a subgroup of 27 children went through attribute generation according to the Kelly-grid method to establish a questionnaire of 13 attributes. The experts used the QDA method to set up a questionnaire of 27 attributes. Data were analysed to find out relationships between attributes, using Partial Least Square regression with experts' attributes as explicative variables and children's attributes as variables to be explained. Surprisingly, some of the attributes most cited by children are not those better explained by experts' attributes.     

PLS methodology to study relationships between hedonic judgements and product characteristics

This paper depicts a methodology devoted to a situation where a few products are described by many physico-chemical and sensory characteristics, and are evaluated by consumers on a preference scale. The objective is to relate the block of hedonic variables to the physico-chemical and to the sensory blocks. The analysis of the link between the responses and the predictors using PLS regression allows to cluster the consumers in homogeneous groups with respect to their tastes, and in such a way that their behaviour can be related to the characteristics of the products. For each group, PLS regression allows obtaining a graphical display of the products with their characteristics, and a mapping of the consumers based on their preferences. Moreover, PLS path modelling allows a detailed analysis of each group by building a causal scheme: each block of consumers is related to the physico-chemical and the sensory blocks, and the sensory block is itself related to the physico-chemical block. Finally this PLS path modelling is compared with hierarchical multi-block PLS model.     

The relationship between disgust sensitivity and behaviour: A virtual reality study on food disgust

This study was the first to use virtual reality for disgust research and pursued two aims. First, we explored whether it was possible to induce disgust in a virtual environment. Second, we examined the relationship between food disgust sensitivity, presence (a psychological state of “being there”), and participants’ willingness to eat a food item after exposure to a virtual disgust cue. We asked 100 participants to eat chocolate and complete a tasting experiment within a virtual environment while wearing a head-mounted HTC Vive device. The control group (n = 50) saw a piece of chocolate appear in the virtual environment on a table in front of them before being asked to take and eat it. The disgust group (n = 50) saw a dog that walked across the table and stopped halfway to produce dog faeces that looked like a piece of chocolate. Subsequently, participants were asked to eat a real piece of chocolate. In both groups, participants were given the opportunity to refuse consumption. Participants in the experimental condition were more likely to refuse consumption than those in the control condition. Furthermore, in the experimental condition, we found that physical presence mediated the relationship between participants’ food disgust sensitivity and willingness to eat the chocolate. Our data suggested that virtual reality is a valid way to evoke disgust for the purposes of research and that people who are disgust sensitive have more difficulty ignoring virtual disgust cues than people who are less disgust sensitive.