变压吸附制氢过程吸附剂性能

研究了Ｈ２ＣＯ２ＣＨ４ＣＯ混合气在活性炭（ＡＣ）和分子筛（ＭＳ）上的变压吸附（ＰＳＡ）过程，各组分在ＡＣ上的吸附能力为：ＣＯ２的大于ＣＨ４的，ＣＨ４的大于ＣＯ的；在ＭＳ上为：ＣＯ的大于ＣＨ４的。并研究了混合气在ＡＣＭＳ复合床层上的ＰＳＡ过程，其中ＡＣ充填于进口端，主要吸附ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４；ＭＳ主要吸附ＣＯ，为复合床层ＰＳＡ过程的模拟计算和设计提供了基础。     

1，3－取代方酸衍生物的光谱研究及二聚体、簇集体的形成

本文合成了１，３－取代方酸衍生物：１，３－双［４－二甲胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＭＣＳ），１，３－双［４－双十六烷胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＨＣＳ）。研究了ＤＭＣＳ和ＤＨＣＳ在不同溶剂中的光物理行为，估算了ＤＭＣＳ、ＤＨＣＳ的基态与激发态之间偶极矩差值。在ＣＴＡＢ胶束中，除ＤＭＣＳ单体分子外，ＤＭＣＳ形成了二聚体。在二氧六环－水体系中，研究了ＤＨＣＳ的簇集行为，并测定了ＤＨＣＳ的临界簇集组成（Ｃ＿ψ）及临界簇集浓度（Ｃ＿Ａ）     

聚氨酯发泡剂CFC－11替代评述

简述了ＣＦＣ－１１对大气臭氧层破坏的基本原理，介绍了聚氨酯ＣＦＣ－１１替代的不同途径及发展趋势，评价了ＣＦＣ－１１替代的经济特性。     

水泥基复合半刚性面层材料热应力分析

根据水泥基复事半刚性面层材料（ＣＢＳＣＣ）的微结构，建立了将裹橡胶沥青组集料颗球和水泥砂浆空心基体球嵌入ＣＢＳＣＣ等效复合材料介质中的三层嵌套模型，推导了热应力计算公式，计算结果表明，ＣＢＳＣＣ的切向拉应力和径向拉应力比水泥混凝土的对应值小，抗裂能力提高，讨论了进一步提高ＣＢＳＣＣ抗温缩开裂能力的途径。     

液晶中间体-反式4-乙基环己烷甲基溴代物的合成

从乙苯出发，合成了乙烷类化合物液晶的关键中间体反式Ｃ２Ｈ５－Ｃ６Ｈ１０－ＣＨ２Ｂｒ。同时合成了反式Ｃ２Ｈ５－Ｃ６Ｈ１０－ＣＯＯＨ，反式Ｃ２Ｈ５－Ｃ６Ｈ１０－ＣＨ２ＯＨ等有用中间体。在纯反式４－烷基环己烷甲酸的制备过程中，改变了后处理方法，简化了操作，提高了收率。文中首次报道了一个新化合物，反式Ｃ２Ｈ５－Ｃ６Ｈ１０－ＣＨ２ＯＯＣ－Ｃ６Ｈ１０－Ｃ２Ｈ５。     

用CuCl－MgCl_2水溶液从气体中回收CO的研究

测定了常压下，０～３０℃范围内ＣｕＣｌ－ＭｇＣｌ＿２水溶液对ＣＯ的显大吸收量与温度的关系。由实验知，ＣｕＣｌ－ＭｇＣｌ＿２水溶液可以有选择地吸收混合气体中的ＣＯ，一次吸收率大于９２％，解吸产物中ＣＯ的纯度超过９８％。此外，还测定了ＣｕＣｌ－ＭｇＣｌ＿２水溶液吸收剂的密度、表面张力和粘度。     

原子吸收光谱法测定动物角中的无机微量元素

本文采用原子吸收光谱法对动物角中微量元素如Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｒ，Ｐｈ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ；Ｃｄ，Ｍｎ和Ｃａ的含量进行了测定．并对原子吸收测定的工作条件和样品处理方法进行了讨论．     

APDC浸渍树脂及其在分析上的应用

用ＰＳＤ－ＣＨ２ＣＬ树脂和ＡＰＤＣ（吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵）溶液制成一种带有ＡＰＤＣ功能基的浸渍树脂，研究了Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ离子在ＰＡＤＣ树脂柱上的吸附和解吸特征，并测定了ＰＨ，流速等预富集的最佳条件和外加离子的影响，建立了ＡＰＤＣ树脂分离，富集ＰＩＸＥ法测定天然水中Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的一种新方法。     

TiC对C—B4C—SiC复合材料显微结构与性能的影响

本文就烧结助剂ＴｉＣ对Ｃ—Ｂ４Ｃ—ＳｉＣ炭／陶复合材料显微结构与性能的影响进行了研究，结果表明ＴｉＣ在烧结过程中发生了固相反应，在晶界生成了ＴｉＢ２，有效地促进了Ｃ—Ｂ４Ｃ—ＳｉＣ复合材料的烧结，抑制了晶粒的长大，使复合材料密度与强度大幅度地增加，电阻率下降；同时ＴｉＢ２在氧化时生成致密的ＴｉＯ２，包裹了易氧化的Ｂ４Ｃ和Ｃ，使制品难氧化，从而大大提高了制品的抗氧化性能。     

聚氨酯硬泡中替代CFC—11的发泡剂

介绍了替代ＣＦＣ－１１的发泡剂，包括ＨＣＦＣ－１２３和ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ，ＨＣＦＣ－２２，ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ，ＨＦＣ－３５６及使用这些发泡剂的泡沫配方和主要性质。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

The annual cycle of Flehmen in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

Flehmen is a stereotyped response of ungulates and other mammals to urine. In black-tailed deer, Flehmen occurs typically in males (rarely in females), and its frequency shows an annual cycle. Flehmen in response to female urine was most frequent in November, and to male urine in January. The response minimum to both types of urine occurred in May. Fifty-five to 100% of initial responses to female urine resulted in Flehmen. The deer responded more often to female urine, and the difference between the responses to female and male urine increased from May to November. A male's own urine released Flehmen more often than did urine of other males. The response intensity varied with the spatial orientation of the male to the urinating female, and responses were usually limited to distances of 15 m or less.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

绿色环保意识的趋向

随着消费者环保意识的提高,人们除了认清绿色环保能对社会和全世界起到巨大的促进作用,还认为绿色环保能够直接、积极地反映其社会地位,在某种程度上反映出消费者自己的绿色环保意识。介绍了消费者对"绿色化"的认识,对"绿色产品"的期望以及生产厂家对"绿色原料"的认证和对"可持续发展"所做的贡献。     

Hard Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) Evaluate Predation Risk Using Chemical Signals from Predators and Injured Conspecifics

Hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, are sessile, filter-feeding organisms that are heavily preyed upon by blue crabs, which find their clam prey using chemical cues. Clams may evade blue crabs by reducing their pumping (feeding) behavior when a threat is perceived. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of signals that clams use to detect consumers. Clams decreased their pumping time in response to blue crabs and blue crab effluent, but not to crab shells, indicating that chemical signals and not mechanical cues mediated the response of clams to distant predators. Because predator diet can influence prey evaluation of predatory threats, we compared clam responses to blue crabs fed a steady diet of fish, clams, or that were starved prior to the experiment. In addition, we used injured clams as a stimulus because many organisms detect predators by sensing the odor of injured con- or heterospecifics. Clams reduced feeding in response to injured conspecifics and to blue crabs that had recently fed. Clams reacted similarly to fed crabs, regardless of their diet, but did not respond to starved blue crabs. Because blue crabs are generalist predators and the threat posed by these consumers is unrelated to the crab's diet, we should expect clam reactions to blue crabs to be independent of the crab's diet. The failure of clams to react to starved blue crabs likely increases their vulnerability to these consumers, but clam responses to injured conspecifics may constitute a strategy that allows animals to detect an imminent threat when signals emanating from blue crabs are not detectable.     

Adhesives in construction: A contractor's viewpoint

The development of epoxy- and polyester-based adhesives has dramatically widened the scope of adhesive bonding in the civil engineering industry but the technology of the adhesives used has often been more appropriate to the workshop than to the construction site. There is a need for the suppliers of structural adhesives to recognize this and to develop compositions and application techniques more amenable to site use. It is equally necessary for the construction industry to make more effort to understand these materials, to take advantage of their outstanding properties, and hence to use them successfully for the construction and repair of concrete structures.     

基于大数据分析的废旧塑料利用率算法

概述了我国废旧塑料再生利用现状及应用领域,通过大数据回归分析建立了废旧塑料利用率的算法模型,测算我国2009—2019年的废旧塑料利用率.2009—2014年,废旧塑料利用率从12.0％升至16.0％,2015—2019年略微下降.2009—2015年,塑料回收利用量持续增长,2016年,回收利用量有所下降,2017—...     

煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺研究新进展

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源紧张、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效路线。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺,包括美国UOP/Hydro甲醇制烯烃工艺,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所的合成气经由二甲醚制低碳烯烃(SDTO)工艺,德国Lurgi公司的甲醇制丙烯工艺,以及甲醇制烯烃与AtoFina/UOP烯烃裂解的集成工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标及最近的技术改进,关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。除了SDTO工艺外,其他几种工艺有望在未来几年内实现工业化。国内甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺的开发应借助于流化催化裂化成熟的工程设计经验,同时加大甲醇制烯烃工艺流化床催化剂的开发力度。     

Polymers for use in drug delivery—property and structure requirements

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the requirements placed on materials needed for improved administration of drugs. Emphasis is placed on macromolecules that need to be designed and prepared to perform specific pharmacological functions, particularly to act as vehicles for delivering drugs to specific locations within the body. After introducing the reasons for more selective drug delivery, and explaining the rationale for using macromolecules, practical examples of results with linking drugs to polymers, modifying polymers to increase their biological compatibility, attachment to polymers of groups that could mediate their specific recognition, modification of proteins with polymers, and the use of polymer complexes will be given to indicate the areas of need for further development of pharmaceutically useful macromolecules.     

A molecular mechanics approach to the adhesion of urea-formaldehyde resins to cellulose. Part 2. Amorphous vs. crystalline Cellulose I

The average adhesion of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins to amorphous cellulose appears to be lower than that to crystalline Cellulose I. Water appears to be able to displace UF resins on many sites of amorphous cellulose. Selected high attraction sites appear to still be able to give adequate adhesion. There are indications that UF resins' wetting of amorphous cellulose is independent of the resin water content. The energies of interaction of UF oligomers with amorphous cellulose and Cellulose I help in distinguishing between adhesion of UF resins of different stages of condensation. It is also shown that the molecular mechanics method outlined in this article can be used to scan UF adhesive formulations as regards resin adhesion to lignocellulosic substrates.