微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹敏感性预测模型

为了从凝固及相变特性角度解决微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹问题,建立了与合金化相关联的初始凝固包晶反应度模型、奥氏体晶粒长大模型、铁素体转变量模型以及碳氮化物的析出模型。结合铸坯实际冷却条件,进一步建立了包晶反应度预测、初生奥氏体晶粒长大、铁素体转变、析出相析出等对铸坯表面裂纹敏感性的预测模型。针对某J55钢连铸板坯,奥氏体晶粒尺寸超过1 mm、铁素体析出量为10%、二次相析出量增加时,横裂纹敏感性最大。表面裂纹敏感性预测模型有助于实现基于成分微调和组织调控的微合金钢连铸、热装等生产过程表面裂纹控制技术。     

连铸板坯快冷试验分析Q345D包晶钢板坯角部横裂成因和工艺改进

通过对220 mm包晶钢板坯进行在线快冷试验,取冷却后板坯角部样,进行热酸浸及金相分析。从零段到矫直段的角样结果表明,角部横裂纹在矫直段内弧出现,随着板坯从结晶器往后延伸,奥氏体晶界的铁素体膜不断增厚,晶界越清晰,奥氏体晶粒度尺寸1.0～1.5 mm。由于奥氏体晶粒粗大,并且奥氏体晶界铁素体膜脆弱,矫直段铸坯角部温度偏低,进入第Ⅲ脆性区后,导致角部横裂沿着晶界展开。通过结晶器窄面水量由原30～32 m³/h增加至34～36 m³/h,关闭矫直段内弧边部喷嘴,使板坯角部横裂得到有效控制。     

微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术研发及应用

微合金钢连铸过程频发铸坯角部裂纹缺陷是钢铁行业的共性技术难题。基于微合金钢铸坯角部裂纹组织结构与析出特征检测,以及铸坯在结晶器与二冷铸流内的凝固热/力学行为演变规律定量化模拟,开发形成了基于新型角部高效传热曲面结晶器和铸坯二冷高温区角部晶粒超细化控冷工艺与装备的微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术。研究结果表明,传统板坯连铸工艺下,窄面直线型结晶器无法充分补偿坯壳收缩,致使厚保护渣膜与气隙在坯壳角部集中生成,大幅降低了结晶器中下部坯壳角部传热,引发微合金碳氮化物沿奥氏体晶界析出。传统二冷配水条件下,奥氏体晶界不可避免生成先共析铁素体膜低塑性组织。两者共同作用致使铸坯角部高温塑性不足而引发裂纹。通过开发新型曲面结晶器,坯壳角部于其内高效传热,凝固全程冷却速度大于5℃/s,弥散化了微合金碳氮化物高温析出。同时,基于窄面足辊超强冷新控冷结构,对铸坯角部实施γ→α→γ循环相变,铸坯角部晶粒显著超细化,高塑化控制了铸坯角部裂纹产生。     

板坯连铸过程的凝固传热分析

以D32船板钢250 mm×2 400 mm连铸坯为研究对象,采用ANSYS数值模拟的方法建立了铸坯的凝固传热数学模型。通过模拟分析铸坯在结晶器及二冷段凝固冷却过程中的温度变化情况,从而为控制连铸工艺参数以及轻压下技术的应用等提供了理论指导。     

微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术研发及应用

微合金钢连铸过程频发铸坯角部裂纹缺陷是钢铁行业的共性技术难题。基于微合金钢铸坯角部裂纹组织结构与析出特征检测，以及铸坯在结晶器与二冷铸流内的凝固热/力学行为演变规律定量化模拟，开发形成了基于新型角部高效传热曲面结晶器和铸坯二冷高温区角部晶粒超细化控冷工艺与装备的微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术。研究结果表明，传统板坯连铸工艺下，窄面直线型结晶器无法充分补偿坯壳收缩，致使厚保护渣膜与气隙在坯壳角部集中生成，大幅降低了结晶器中下部坯壳角部传热，引发微合金碳氮化物沿奥氏体晶界析出。传统二冷配水条件下，奥氏体晶界不可避免生成先共析铁素体膜低塑性组织。两者共同作用致使铸坯角部高温塑性不足而引发裂纹。通过开发新型曲面结晶器，坯壳角部于其内高效传热，凝固全程冷却速度大于5℃/s，弥散化了微合金碳氮化物高温析出。同时，基于窄面足辊超强冷新控冷结构，对铸坯角部实施γ→α→γ循环相变，铸坯角部晶粒显著超细化，高塑化控制了铸坯角部裂纹产生。     

含铌微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制二冷新工艺

基于唐钢中厚板厂含铌钢板坯连铸生产实际,采用数值模拟方法研究了Q345B- Nb含铌钢板坯连铸过程实施铸坯角部二冷高温区角部组织多相变晶粒细化控冷工艺的可行性。结果表明,通过在结晶器窄面足辊下方增加6组针对铸坯角部强喷淋冷却的喷嘴结构,可使铸坯角部温度下降至约600 ℃,而后减少立弯段中下部3区与4区冷却水量,可使铸坯角部温度回升至900 ℃以上,满足铸坯角部多相变温度控制条件。在此基础上,将新控冷工艺应用于现场实际,实施铸坯二冷高温区多相变控冷新工艺后,铸坯角部距表面0~20 mm范围内的组织均可由传统工艺下“奥氏体＋先共析铁素体膜”结构转变成“铁素体＋珠光体”结构,且晶粒细化至不大于20 μm,铸坯抗裂纹能力大幅提高,含铌钢连铸坯角部裂纹率由原工艺的5.89%稳定控制在小于0.1%水平。     

宽厚板坯结晶器凝固坯壳变化规律标定

采用FeS示踪剂标定的方法系统研究了宽厚板坯不同冷却强度结晶器内坯壳变化规律。从研究结果来看,弱冷工艺比强冷工艺更能确保结晶器坯壳生长均匀,同时出结晶器坯壳厚度相当;西昌钢钒1 930mm铸机凝固传热系数平均为22.9mm/min~23.3mm/min1/2,1 650mm铸机凝固传热系数平均为21.9mm/min1/2。     

0.1%C低碳钢连铸坯表层微观组织演变过程热模拟

连铸坯表层微观组织直接影响其表面质量，研究微观组织演变过程与工艺条件的关系对认识机制并优化连铸工艺具有重要意义。根据连铸坯传热特点，利用凝固过程热模拟方法再现铸坯表层传热过程，通过液淬实验观察了连铸坯表层微观组织的演变过程，并比较了热模拟铸坯和实际铸坯在传热、枝晶生长速度和微观组织方面的相似性。结果表明，热模拟实验可以很好地反映连铸条件下的传热及微观组织演变过程，为研究工艺条件对铸坯表层微观组织的影响提供了可行的途径。在所选模拟连铸条件下，0.1%C低碳钢的连铸坯表层奥氏体晶粒尺寸(D)与凝固时间(t)符合关系式：D=80.74×ln(t+2.95)-90.49。     

拉坯方向铸坯温度场和冷速分布对微合金钢表面横裂纹的影响

基于已开发的板坯连铸二维传热与凝固模型,结合实际连铸工艺条件,计算并重点揭示了沿拉坯方向铸坯表层(0~5mm)宽面中心和角部温度场与冷速分布。结果表明,铸坯在结晶器内浇注温度迅速下降至1 200~900℃,随后在二冷区内缓慢冷却,角部比宽面中心低约200℃;表层铸坯在结晶器内冷速最大达40℃/s,平均冷速约为10℃/s;二冷区内,足辊区冷速约3~6℃/s,随后维持在0.1~0.5℃/s之间。研究结果可用于优化连铸工艺,为从凝固与相变角度控制连铸坯表面及角部横裂纹缺陷提供依据。     

不锈钢连铸凝固过程中夹杂物的捕捉规律研究

通过对不锈钢板坯连铸凝固组织枝晶间距的研究,探讨了连铸工艺下铸坯凝固特征参数与夹杂物捕捉之间的关系。首先分析了SUS304、SUS430、SUS409L三个不锈钢钢种正常工况下板坯连铸铸坯的凝固宏观结构及树枝晶微观结构,结合相关数值模拟,估算了这三个不锈钢钢种板坯的凝固系数以及坯壳凝固前沿的凝固速度、温度梯度和冷却速度,并据此推断出夹杂物粒子在结晶器内临界上浮尺寸。     

Study on Austenite Grain Growth Law of Ultra-High Strength Hot-Stamped 22MnB5 Steel During Thin Slab Casting and Rolling Process

Clarifying the austenite grain growth law in the thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) process can provide theoretical guidance for the control of austenite grain in the slab. Starting with the austenite nucleation during solidification process, the growth law of austenite grains is methodically studied throughout the TSCR continuous casting and soaking process. The results show that the austenite growth is not interrupted during the TSCR continuous casting and soaking process. The austenite grain growth in the continuous casting process accounts for more than 70% of the total growth. The growth rate of austenite in the continuous casting cooling process is always faster than that when reheated to this temperature. Compared with the holding temperature and holding time, the final size of austenite grains in the TSCR process slab is most affected by the continuous casting cooling rate. In addition, compared with the traditional process, the growth rate of austenite in TSCR process is faster at the end of soaking.     

节铬型铁素体不锈钢连铸板坯凝固过程热模拟

连铸板坯凝固传热主要在厚度方向进行,这造成了连铸坯大部分区域由侧面向中心凝固,因此可以近似地用非稳态定向凝固进行热模拟。利用自主研发的水平式连铸坯枝晶生长热模拟装置研究了新型节铬铁素体不锈钢连铸坯凝固组织,以期在工业生产前预测连铸工艺对其凝固组织的影响。热模拟试样热端温度采用连铸坯心部冷却曲线进行控制,并通过调节冷却水流量控制热模拟试样冷端的冷却强度,从而实现由冷端向热端的非稳态定向凝固。实验发现过热度和冷却强度对热模拟试样的等轴晶率及其平均晶粒尺寸影响不显著,但大的冷却强度会导致柱状晶长度增加。     

Austenite Grain Growth and the Surface Quality of Continuously Cast Steel

Austenite grain growth does not only play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of steel, but certain surface defects encountered in the continuous casting industry have also been attributed to the formation of large austenite grains. Earlier research has seen innovative experimentation, the development of metallographic techniques to determine austenite grain size and the building of mathematical models to simulate the conditions pertaining to austenite grain growth during the continuous casting of steel. Oscillation marks and depressions in the meniscus region of the continuously casting mold lead to retarded cooling of the strand surface, which in turn results in the formation of coarse austenite grains, but little is known about the mechanism and rate of formation of these large austenite grains. Relevant earlier research will be briefly reviewed to put into context our recent in situ observations of the delta-ferrite to austenite phase transition. We have confirmed earlier evidence that very large delta-ferrite grains are formed very quickly in the single-phase region and that these large delta-ferrite grains are transformed to large austenite grains at low cooling rates. At the higher cooling rates relevant to the early stages of the solidification of steel in a continuously cast mold, delta-ferrite transforms to austenite by an apparently massive type of transformation mechanism. Large austenite grains then form very quickly from this massive type of microstructure and on further cooling, austenite transforms to thin ferrite allotriomorphs on austenite grain boundaries, followed by Widmanstätten plate growth, with almost no regard to the cooling rate. This observation is important because it is now well established that the presence of a thin ferrite film on austenite grain boundaries is the main cause of reduction in hot ductility. Moreover, this reduction in ductility is exacerbated by the presence of large austenite grains.     

GCr15轴承钢连铸冷却速率下凝固原位观察

GCr15轴承钢在连铸凝固过程中的组织生长与溶质偏析是碳化物液析的重要诱因,成为产品质量提升的关键.为此,针对国内某钢厂240 mm×240 mm GCr15轴承钢的连铸过程,选取方坯表面下方40、80和120 mm位置处的坯样为研究对象,首先建立二维凝固传热模型,结合红外测温试验,求解它们在糊状区的平均冷却速率,然后...     

Corner transverse crack sensitivity of Ti- Nb micro- alloyed steel slabs during continuous casting

By Gleeble- 3500 thermal simulator, the simulation experiments of austenite grain growth and ductility in the third brittle zone on the surface slab were carried out respectively, which identified the growth regularity of austenite size and hot ductility under different cooling rates. The results show that the austenite ??blown grains?? (>1mm) with lower cooling rate (<5??/s) are formed easily. The precipitates of fine Ti(C,N) around the austenite boundary could pin and limit the growth of austenite with the increase of cooling rate. In the thermal stretching experiment, reduction of area of Ti- Nb bearing mirco- alloyed steel slab at 800?? respectively are only 29. 7% and 23. 0% with cooling rate of 1 and 5??/s. Both precipitating rectangle or irregular (Ti,Nb)(C,N) precipitates with 70-200nm size and needlelike Nb(C,N) precipitates with 40-100nm. The formation of ??blown grains?? at the depths of oscillation marks with low cooling rate, and straightening in the third brittle zone are the major causes of high corner transverse crack sensitivity of Ti- Nb micro- alloyed steel slabs.     

双相变回温温度对钢组织及其热塑性的影响

含铌钢连铸过程极易产生铸坯角部横裂纹。对连铸坯角部实施γ→α→γ双相变控冷工艺,可提高其组织的高温热塑性而减少裂纹产生。其中,α→γ相变阶段的回温温度是影响双相变控冷工艺实施效果的重要参数。通过Gleeble热模拟与金相观察、析出物透射以及断口扫描相结合的检测手段,研究分析了双相变过程回温温度对Q345D-Nb钢组织演变及其热塑性的影响规律。结果表明,回温温度为850℃时的奥氏体晶粒相比传统冷却工艺下的晶粒尺寸未产生细化,平均晶粒尺寸为502.2μm;回温温度升至900℃时,回温奥氏体出现了明显的混晶现象;当回温温度达到950℃时,晶粒细化至61.2μm;当回温温度达到1 000℃时,回温奥氏体晶粒出现了一定程度粗化,相比950℃回温温度下的奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸增加了38.07%。传统冷却工艺和不同回温温度时的双相变控冷工艺(回温温度为850、900、950、1 000℃),钢组织在700～900℃温度区内的断面收缩率最低值分别为29.6%、45.0%、56.3%、68.2%、63.2%。在传统冷却工艺下,钢组织在750℃时晶界铁素体膜的厚度为20～25μm,且碳氮化物呈大尺寸链状分布,...     

Effect of temperature field and cooling rate along casting direction on surface transverse cracks of microalloyed steel

The temperature field and cooling rate especially for surface center and corner, which located at 0-5mm under the slab surface were calculated along the casting direction based on the two- dimensional heat transfer and solidification model of slab continuous casting, combined with the actual casting process conditions. The results show that the temperature of slab drops rapidly from liquidus temperature to 1200-900?? in the mold, and then drops slowly in the secondary cooling zone with the corner 200?? about lower than the surface center. As to the cooling rate, for 0-5mm layer under surface, it is up to 40??/s in the mold with the average cooling rate about 10??/s. For the secondary cooling zone, it is about 3-6??/s in the foot zone, and then drops to a steady value about 0. 1-0. 5??/s. The results can be used to optimize the continuous casting process and provide the basis for the control of the surface and corner transverse cracking of continuous casting slabs based on the solidification and phase transformation principles.