石油分子工程及其管理的研究与应用(Ⅱ)

着重介绍用于石油分子工程及其管理的主要模拟技术与计算技术,如分子同系物矩阵法(MTHS)、蒙特卡罗法(Monte Carlo)、集总法(Lumping)、熵最大化重构法(REM)等,并对研究与生产经营管理方面的应用进行了案例分享,如石油分子信息库在新原油或混合原油馏分切割和性质预测以及汽油、柴油性质预测中的应用;复杂化学反应网络调变与精准转化在汽油、柴油等不同馏分提质增效中的应用;新型催化剂开发与催化材料筛选中的分子工程等。     

基于分子矩阵的馏分油组成的分子建模

将MTHS分子矩阵(Molecular type homologous series matrix)应用于馏分油组成的分子建模,提出了表征馏分油的IMTHS(Improved MTHS matrix)分子矩阵,并建立了IMTHS分子矩阵中等价组分的性质关联方法,实现了基于分子尺度的馏分油的分子表征。实例研究表明,IMTHS分子矩阵是一种可行的预测石油馏分近似分子组成的方法。     

石油分子工程接驳未来炼化——专访中海石油炼化有限责任公司总工程师兼总信息师吴青

正石油分子工程是突破以往对石油的粗犷认知与管理,从分子水平实现石油炼制过程的精细化。人类对石油的认识正在走向深入。早期,根据石油蒸馏残渣的性状,把石油分为石蜡基、沥青基(环烷基)、混合基(中间基)三类。随着对石油性质及组成的进一步认识,又提出了许多以性质、组成或产品质量为基础的分类法,如以特性因数(由石油的平均沸点     

石油分子工程及其管理的研究与应用(Ⅰ)

提出了石油分子工程及其管理的概念,并对其框架结构、核心技术进行了简要描述,主要内容包括:1石油及其馏分的分子水平表征,尽可能详细地获得石油的分子信息,如单体化合物、族组成和结构组成等信息;2石油分子信息的信息化描述,按照相关编码与规则,结合石油及其馏分的分子组成与相应性质,建立石油分子信息库;3石油分子信息与反应性的关联及分子动力学模型的建立,按照石油加工过程化学反应规则库,确定石油分子的化学反应网络体系,并通过建立的分子反应动力学模型定量计算出动力学参数;4模拟与优化,实现石油资源价值最大化和资产价值最大化。     

基于风险矩阵的油库成品油质量风险评估

针对石油库成品油质量风险管理难度不断增大的问题,通过建立风险矩阵评估模型,采用质量风险矩阵法对石油库油品质量风险进行评估,并以某油库为例,对各种可能存在的质量风险进行识别、分析、评估,判断出质量风险等级,制定相应的管控措施,实现成品油质量风险消除或降低到可控程度的目的.     

预测石油馏分临界温度和临界压力的基团贡献型新方法

用ｎ－ｄ－Ｍ－ＬＰ法和正构烷烃模型分子法确定石油馏分的基团组成，考察了两种常用预测纯化合物临界性质的基团贡献模型对石油馏分的适用性，在９５组宽，窄石油馏侵分实测数据的基础上，开发出预测轻重馏分油临界温度和临界压力（Ｐ）－Ｒｄ型与加和型两类共４个模型，预测临界温度的平均相对偏差分别为１．５８％和１．８０％，预测临界压力的平均相对偏差分别为６．８３％和８．４５％。     

预测汽油分子组成的MTHS分子矩阵模型

针对MTHS分子矩阵的分子表征优化模型进行改进,提出了一种通过工业常用的物性参数估计汽油分子组成的方法。使用蒸馏曲线和密度等工业常用参数,由相关性公式计算得到其他整体性质,以各项性质实测值与预测值的残差平方和为目标函数建立优化模型,并利用遗传算法对模型进行优化求解,得到预测的汽油馏分分子组成。由Aspen Plus模拟软件计算9组已知组成的汽油试样的整体性质,并应用改进模型对9组汽油试样进行分子组成预测。实验结果表明,改进模型较原始模型的精度更高,可用来近似估计汽油馏分的分子组成。     

石油加工过程的分子级反应动力学模型进展

石油加工过程中存在大量的复杂反应体系,建立这些过程的分子级的动力学模型十分困难。本文综述了分子水平动力学模型的主要研究方法和国内外有代表性的研究成果,指出开发更为细致的分子尺度反应动力学模型来预测产品产率、组成和性质将成为该领域的发展方向。     

基于压缩感知的过套管电阻率数据重构方法研究

过套管电阻率测井是在钢套管内测量地层电阻率进而进行含水饱和度评价和油藏监测的一种新的测井方法.由于测量结果为点测数据,需要在数据预处理时由多个单点数据重构整条曲线,而传统的插值方法,分辨薄层的能力差,因此文章提出了一种基于压缩感知的数据重构方法,使用点测深度和欲重构数据的深度匹配关系,建立观测矩阵,基于傅立叶变换的稀疏分解矩阵,采用OMP算法解决稀疏分解系数L1范数最小化问题,取得了良好的重构结果.     

油相性质对水相中混合表面活性剂协同效应的影响

通过不同碳链长度的正构烷烃与石油磺酸盐－非离子表面活性剂和石油磺酸盐－十二烷基苯磺酸体系之间动态界面张力的研究,发现混合表面活性剂在降低界面张力能力方面的协同效应不仅与表面活性剂分子之间的相互作用有关,而且与油相性质密切相关。从表面活性剂分子亲水能力和亲油能力方面为协同效应提出了一个新的解释。     

新技术支撑下的中国新一代炼厂

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The development of petroleum refining and petroleum chemistry in Russia

The long-term strategy of the development of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation has been discussed. Such measures as the elaboration of the master plan of the development of oil refining and petroleum chemistry until 2020, providing Russian banks with state guarantees on loans to finance the construction of new and upgrading existing refineries, and the prompt enactment of the technological requirements for petroleum products have been singled out as the most important ones. The current status of oil refining in Russia has been analyzed. It has been shown that an extremely low proportion of secondary processes is the cause for the lagging behind of the domestic petroleum refining industry as compared to industrialized countries. The main challenges facing domestic oil refining have been specified. Considerable attention has been paid to the issues of improving the quality of petroleum products and bringing it up to world standards. The most important projects for the upgrading of existing and the construction of new refineries, as well as projects to build new oil refineries, have been examined.     

Current Status of the Oil Refining Industry in China and Prospects for Cooperative Development

The oil refining industry in China supports the needs of national economic development and has gone through industrial upgrading at all stages, as represented by the upgrades in the quality of refined oil products.Currently, it has acquired strong technical and engineering strength and delivered good results in scale, information technology and environmental friendliness. However, compared with the world's leading oil refining powers, the oil refining industry in China still lags behind in terms of overall competitiveness. There is an urgent need to enhance its competitiveness and adjust its product structure, plant structure and capacity structure to both launch a new round of industrial upgrading and coordinate with the associated industries. Great potential exists for China to cooperate with the countries along the Belt and Road initiative in various fields such as petroleum resources, product markets and technical equipment. Together, multi-dimensional cooperation bonded by resources, markets, technologies and capital/funds can be carried out, and cooperation between the upstream and downstream industries throughout the industry chain can be facilitated. There is much to expect from the prospects for cooperative development.     

石油产品需求及炼油工业能力综述

概述了全球石油产品需求量及其产品结构的变化情况,重点介绍并预测了美国、日本及我国石油产品需求量的变化趋势,并分析了3个国家炼油装置能力及其开工率的变化情况。针对石油产品需求及炼油工业能力,对我国炼油业的发展提出几点建议。     

石油炼制工业中加氢技术和加氢催化剂的发展现状

中国的石油资源相对稀缺,石油炼制过程中对轻质原油的需求相对较高.石油的裂解过程主要基于加氢催化和加氢裂化.加氢催化技术可以提高轻质油品的产量,在满足市场需求,提高中国石油工业经济效益的同时,还能尽可能减少环境污染,实现"绿水青山就是金山银山"的社会要求.加氢裂化技术可直接将高硫蜡油等劣质原料转化为优质石脑油,喷气燃料,...     

Overview on Routes for Development of China''''s Petroleum Refining Technology

China has formed a complete and packaged system of domestic petroleum refining industry. Till 2020 the demand for petroleum products in China will record a sharp growth. However, China is currently confronted with a shortage of oil resources, unsatisfactory quality of petroleum products, a widening gap between demand and supply of steam cracking feedstocks, and a stern situation in environmental protection. In this context the petroleum refiners of China, while taking into account the actual conditions, should seek for the way of deep processing to produce transportation fuels and chemical feedstocks that can hardly be replaced by other energy forms, continue to bring into full play FCC process as core process for making finished oil products, speed up the development of hydrocracking to achieve integration between refining and chemical production, adopt measures that can combine feedstock pre-treatment, novel FCC technologies and after-treatment of products to improve the quality of finished products, as well as realize the recycling of wastewater and control over air pollution caused by SOx to accelerate the development of petroleum processing industry in China.     

分子水平重油表征技术开发及应用

重油是十分复杂的烃类、非烃类化合物的混合物,弄清其详细的分子组成不仅是分析测试工作者追求的目标,也是实现石油炼制技术跨越式发展的重要前提。近10年来,石油化工科学研究院以应用为导向,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(FI-ICR MS)、全二维气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC×GC/MS)、气相色谱串联质谱联用仪(GC/MS/MS)、气相色谱飞行时间质谱仪(GC/TOF MS)等多种高分辨质谱仪器,结合固相萃取分离技术、化学衍生技术、化学计量学以及其他仪器分析技术,开发出多种分析方法,不仅能够得到烃类、非烃类化合物按碳数分布或者按沸点分布的信息,而且还能得到重油中某些分子的定性定量数据。这些方法针对性强、重复性好、提供的信息丰富,已经在科研和生产中发挥重要作用,而且也为将来的分子水平石油炼制打下了很好的基础。     

Progress and Outlook on Technologies for Processing Inferior Crude Oil in China

The recent growth of the global petroleum refining industry and the main technologies and measures for China to process inferior crude oil were introduced. The main technologies and measures include the control over equipment corrosion induced by sour and acidic crude, in particular the corrosion of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units, the development of technology for processing inferior residue, and the development of desulfurization technology and sulfur recovery technology in the course of processing of petroleum products. In order to meet the needs for national economic development, China＇s refining enterprises will uninterruptedly develop and prefect technologies for processing inferior crude, enhance the process and equipment management, sum up the experience for better processing of inferior crude, so as to provide high-quality oil products and petrochemical feedstocks to public with better economic return.     

试论石油经济学的研究对象与基本内容

石油经济学是一门年轻的学科。本文通过对石油经济学研究现状的考察,从系统和综合的观点出发,对石油经济学的性质及其研究对象的科学涵义进行了论证。石油经济学是经济学基本理论在石油产业系统中具体应用的专门学问,其研究对象是国民经济中围绕石油的勘探、开发、储运、炼制、化学深加工以及石油消费所形成的一系列经济运动的总和。它既不同于石油工业经济学,也有别于能源经济学。石油经济学的基本内容包括:石油经济在国民经济中的作用和地位;石油经济的系统结构和综合布局;石油经济的内在运行机制及其组织与管理;石油经济中的资金运动与石油经济效益;原油及油品的成本、价格和税收;石油经济中的对外开放与石油经济的发展战略,以及世界石油经济与国际政冶的关系等十一个方面。本文通过以上论述提出发展和完善我国石油经济学理论体系的任务。     

Feedstock Monitoring – the Foundation of Effective Refining Technology

Information on the composition and properties of petroleum feedstock is important for selecting the optimum refining scheme due to the constant stiffening of quality requirements for petroleum products. This ensures the rational use of power resources at refineries, oil companies, and the state as a whole. A data base was created on the quality of mixed crudes refined at the YuKOS Oil Company's Samara group Refinery