复合USY/介孔氧化物的重油加氢裂化性能研究

实验合成了USY/介孔氧化物复合材料,并对复合材料进行了物化性质表征。以该材料为主要加氢裂化组分,钨、镍作为加氢金属,制备催化剂LC-01,以大庆混合VGO和CGO为原料,在200mL固定床装置上,利用一段串联加氢裂化工艺,考察了催化剂的裂化性能。     

Al-SBA-15制备方法对Al-SBA-15/USY复合分子筛加氢裂化催化剂性能的影响

分别采用直接合成法和后合成法制备Al-SBA-15分子筛,并负载USY分子筛得到复合分子筛,以此为载体制备中油型加氢裂化催化剂。XRD,TEM,SEM,N2吸/脱附表征证明了微孔-介孔复合分子筛的存在,且后合成法制备的复合分子筛形貌更规整,其孔径为4.86 nm,比表面积为572 m2/g,更适合处理重质油。采用后合成法制备的Al-SBA-15复合分子筛的催化剂的中间馏分油收率和选择性,比以USY分子筛为载体的催化剂分别提高2.0百分点和2.6百分点,比含直接合成法制备的Al-SBA-15复合分子筛的催化剂均提高0.6百分点。     

MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛的合成及其加氢裂化性能研究

以Y分子筛、水玻璃和硫酸铝为原料,采用二元混合表面活性剂,水热晶化合成了MCM-41/Y介孔-微孔复合分子筛,并用XRD,SEM,TEM,N2吸附-脱附和Py-IR等多种分析手段对其进行了分析表征。同时以MCM-41/Y复合分子筛和无定形硅铝为酸性组分,以W-Ni为活性金属组分,制备了加氢裂化催化剂MYC,并在200 mL加氢评价装置上进行了加氢性能评价。结果表明,MCM-41/Y复合分子筛中存在着复合的MCM-41六方介孔相和Y微孔相;加氢裂化催化剂MYC催化活性较好,在反应压力15 MPa、氢油体积比1 500∶1、体积空速1.5 h-1的条件下,中油选择性为74.82%,C5+液体收率为98.56%,65～165℃重石脑油的芳潜为43.6%,165～370℃柴油的十六烷值为62.2,大于370℃尾油BMCI值为7.1,分别可作为优质的重整装置进料、柴油调合组分及乙烯裂解原料。     

哈国原油VGO加氢裂化性能研究

以哈萨克斯坦原油生产的减压蜡油(VGO)为原料油,在相同的反应压力16 MPa、氢油比900,反应温度385~393℃、空速0.6~0.9 h-1的条件下,通过试验考察VGO加氢裂化后转化率变化情况:转化率随反应温度的提高而增加,随空速的增大而降低。同时通过对加氢裂化产品蒸馏数据及产品主要性质分析看出:加氢裂化轻石脑油是较好的乙烯裂解原料,重石脑油是较好的重整原料,轻柴油可作为-20号柴油至-50号车用柴油的主要调合组分,重柴油可作为各种规格柴油调合组分,尾油可作为乙烯裂解原料。     

加氢裂化催化剂对VGO生产重石脑油的影响

为了提高加氢裂化催化剂重石脑油的选择性,分别采用USY、Hβ分子筛为载体负载NiW金属制备加氢裂化催化剂CUSY和CB,并采用BET、XRD、XPS、Pyd-IR、HRTEM、TG-MS等分析手段对分子筛与催化剂进行表征,以上海石化VGO为原料油,在固定床中试装置上对CUSY和CB催化剂进行加氢裂化反应性能评价。结果表明：与USY分子筛相比,Hβ分子筛中含有更多的介孔结构,其介孔表面积与体积分别提高了127 m²/g和0.257 cm³/g;但USY分子筛、载体与催化剂的总酸量和B酸酸量均为Hβ分子筛、载体及催化剂的2倍多,加氢裂化后的CUSY催化剂的硫化度比CB低6.7百分点,其加氢活性相晶粒尺寸更大;在氢气压力13.0 MPa、温度350～365℃、氢/油体积比1200、精制和裂化体积空速分别为1.3和1.8 h^-1的条件下,与CUSY催化剂相比,CB催化剂更有利于链烷烃的转化,进而增加重石脑油链烷烃含量;在相同转化率下,CUSY催化剂作用下重石脑油选择性比CB催化剂高约1.83百分点,芳烃潜含量(质量分数)高12....     

表层富硅USY分子筛的制备及其催化性能研究

针对常规“水热超稳”工艺改性的USY分子筛性质和性能上的不足,将常规“二交二焙”的“水热超稳”工艺与原位硅改性方法结合,制备了表层富硅USY分子筛,并将其用于催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的制备;采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃程序升温脱附、扫描电镜等表征手段对所制分子筛进行了表征,并通过ACE装置评价了所制FCC催化剂的性能。结果表明：表层富硅USY分子筛的结晶度、晶胞参数、比表面积、孔体积、表面酸性、微反活性等性质均明显优于常规USY分子筛;与由常规USY分子筛制备的FCC催化剂相比,重油在由表层富硅USY分子筛制备的FCC催化剂上裂化,其转化率提高3.70百分点,汽油收率和液体产物总收率分别提高了2.31百分点和1.32百分点,说明以表层富硅USY分子筛制备的FCC催化剂具有优良的催化性能。     

纳米介孔硅铝分子筛的合成及其加氢脱硫性能

 采用常温晶化法一步合成了纳米硅铝介孔分子筛，以XRD、BET、TPD和 TEM等手段对其结构性质进行了表征。结果表明:分子筛具有类似MCM-41的六方结构和介孔特性，晶粒在10 nm 左右。以二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫反应考察负载30% WP 分子筛催化剂的加氢脱硫性能，与同负载量的常规载体催化剂相比，呈现出较高的加氢脱硫活性。     

盐酸用量对Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛性质和加氢裂化性能的影响

以异丙醇铝为铝源,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在不同含量的盐酸介质中,采用一步直接合成法合成介孔分子筛Al-SBA-15,并制成催化剂,采用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、~(27)Al MAS NMR和NH_3-TPD等方法对分子筛和催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂进行了性能评价。结果表明:加入20g盐酸时,Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛具有高度有序的六方结构,其酸性较强;以介孔分子筛Al-SBA-15作载体制备的加氢裂化催化剂具有较好的重油加氢裂化性能,中间馏分油选择性达87.3%,中间馏分油收率达60.8%,且产品性能较优,可用于生产优质柴油和喷气燃料,也可为重整和裂解制乙烯装置提供优质原料。     

不同硅铝比的小晶粒Y分子筛的理化性质及其加氢裂化性能

通过改变导向剂的陈化时间及合成母液的碱度制备出不同硅铝比的小晶粒Y分子筛,考察了硅铝比对小晶粒Y分子筛的性质及其加氢裂化性能的影响;采用XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,SEM等手段表征了小晶粒Y分子筛的晶型、骨架结构、孔结构、酸性和形貌。表征结果显示,随硅铝比的增大,Y分子筛表面的酸量减少,骨架稳定性增强。加氢裂化反应结果表明,与工业Y分子筛相比,以小晶粒Y分子筛为载体的催化剂的裂化活性更高,以硅铝比为5.2的小晶粒Y分子筛为载体的催化剂在保持较高裂化活性的前提下,轻油选择性和化工原料收率较高,是优选的轻油型加氢裂化催化剂的活性组分。     

QHC型加氢裂化催化剂的制备及性能评价

以改性Y分子筛为酸性组分,Ni和W为活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备出QHC型加氢裂化催化剂,利用X射线衍射、物理吸附、氨气程序升温脱附等方法对其进行表征,并在100 m L加氢裂化小试评价装置和1 L加氢裂化小试放大评价装置上考察了催化剂加氢裂化活性和稳定性。结果表明:与参比剂相比,QHC型加氢裂化催化剂的孔容较大,堆积密度较低,酸量相当;具有较高的活性和较好的中间馏分油选择性;在运行1 500 h的过程中稳定性较好,对不同减压蜡油原料表现出良好适应性。     

Ni-Mo-Titania-Alumina Catalysts with USY Zeolite for Low Pressure Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrocracking

Abstract

Titania-alumina based catalysts were prepared and tested for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrocracking activity in the temperature range 300°C to 350°C in a fixed-bed reaction system using 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) dissolved in n-hexadecane. Characterization results show that the metal-loaded titania-alumina possesses a high pore radius and pore volume but low surface area. The physical mixing with USY zeolite increased its surface area. The surface area was further increased upon mixing with nanoporous alumina. The total ammonia based acidity of the titania-alumina was lower than that of the ultra stable Y (USY) zeolite, but Ni-Mo loading was found to increase the acidity. The acidity of titania-alumina was further increased by mixing with nanoporous alumina and USY zeolite. All catalysts exhibited good HDS and hydrocracking activity for 4,6-DMDBT and n-hexadecane. The catalyst showing the highest HDS activity using 4,6-DMDBT was further tested and was found to have reasonable activity for both low- and high-sulfur vacuum gas oil feeds. This study demonstrated low-pressure HDS activity of the catalysts.     

减压蜡油加氢裂化催化剂组合动力学模型

以高压加氢裂化六集总动力学模型为基础,建立预测催化剂组合体系产品分布的数学模型。按固定馏程间隔将原料油和加氢裂化生成油划分为减压蜡油 加氢裂化尾油（>360℃）、柴油馏分（290～360℃）、喷气燃料馏分（175～290℃）、重石脑油馏分（65～175℃）、轻石脑油馏分（<65℃）和炼厂气（C4-）6个集总。分别以2种不同类型加氢裂化催化剂的实验数据为基础,采用Matlab 2011b数值计算软件和非线性最小二乘法对动力学模型参数进行了优化回归。以优化回归后的动力学模型参数为初值,调整部分模型参数,建立了预测催化剂组合体系产品分布的数学模型。用该模型计算得到的加氢裂化产品分布与实验值之间的一致性较好,其偏差均小于2%。     

Performance Evaluation Studies of First- and Second-Stage Hydrocracking Catalysts Using Kuwait Vacuum Gas Oil Feedstocks

Abstract

In a two-stage hydrocracking process, two types of catalyst are used to remove undesirable contaminants (such as S, N, hydrogenation of aromatic compounds, etc.) and convert the heavy feedstock to lighter products. In the present work, individual set of experiments were conducted to obtain information regarding activity and selectivity with emphasis on the evaluation of kinetic parameters of first- and second-stage commercial catalysts used in hydrocracking process. The performance tests were conducted in a down-flow fixed-bed hydrocracking pilot plant using a single reactor. The hydrotreating type A catalyst and hydrocracking type B catalyst were used individually with typical Kuwaiti refinery feedstocks, namely, hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (HVGO) and unconverted residual oil (UCRO), respectively. The order of reaction in this study shows first-order kinetics for HDS and HDN over CAT-A, and first-order hydrocracking conversion over CAT-B. For CAT-A the activation energies were found for HDS and HDN reactions at 22 and 27.3 kcal/gmole, while for CAT-B activation energies were 27.4 kcal/gmole.     

小晶粒Y分子筛的合成及其加氢裂化性能

考察了碱度、晶化时间、陈化时间对无模板剂合成小晶粒NaY分子筛的影响关系,确定了最佳合成条件为n(Na₂O)/n(SiO₂)=0.92、n(H₂O)/n(Na₂O)=21.7、陈化时间24 h、于100℃下晶化时间12 h。对所合成小晶粒Y分子筛进行组合改性,改性分子筛具有高结晶度、高硅/铝比、酸性适中和二次孔发达等特点。将改性小晶粒Y分子筛应用于加氢裂化催化剂中,并对所制备的催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,所制备催化剂的反应温度比工业参比剂低5℃;喷气燃料收率稍高于工业参比剂;柴油的十六烷值指数和低温性能均好于工业参比剂;尾油的BMCI值比工业参比剂降低约一半。     

Performance Evaluation Studies of First- and Second-Stage Hydrocracking Catalysts Using Kuwait Vacuum Gas Oil Feedstocks

In a two-stage hydrocracking process, two types of catalyst are used to remove undesirable contaminants (such as S, N, hydrogenation of aromatic compounds, etc.) and convert the heavy feedstock to lighter products. In the present work, individual set of experiments were conducted to obtain information regarding activity and selectivity with emphasis on the evaluation of kinetic parameters of first- and second-stage commercial catalysts used in hydrocracking process. The performance tests were conducted in a down-flow fixed-bed hydrocracking pilot plant using a single reactor. The hydrotreating type A catalyst and hydrocracking type B catalyst were used individually with typical Kuwaiti refinery feedstocks, namely, hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (HVGO) and unconverted residual oil (UCRO), respectively. The order of reaction in this study shows first-order kinetics for HDS and HDN over CAT-A, and first-order hydrocracking conversion over CAT-B. For CAT-A the activation energies were found for HDS and HDN reactions at 22 and 27.3 kcal/gmole, while for CAT-B activation energies were 27.4 kcal/gmole.     

MCM-22分子筛溶胀处理对四氢萘加氢裂化性能的影响规律

采用溶胀法对实验室制备的MCM-22分子筛进行剥层处理后制得RZMCM分子筛,分别以MCM-22分子筛和RZMCM分子筛作为酸性组分,制备了2种加氢裂化催化剂(NiMo/MCM-22和NiMo/RZMCM).采用氮气吸-脱附、X射线衍射、吡啶吸附红外、透射电镜、扫描电镜-元素分布扫描等物化表征手段对2种分子筛及加氢裂化...     

废弃油脂与减压蜡油共催化裂化技术开发及工业试验

在研究脂肪酸酯原位催化转化和分子筛对脂肪酸酯催化转化影响的基础上,研究了废弃油脂与减压蜡油的共催化裂化工艺,并进行了工业试验。结果表明,脂肪酸酯在分子筛催化剂作用下优先发生C-O键断裂,且USY分子筛有利于获得较高的液收率;废弃油脂和减压蜡油在共催化裂化过程中存在相互影响,在一定的反应条件下掺炼少量的废弃油脂可以获得较好的产品分布;在工业催化裂化装置掺炼废弃油脂时,其产品质量未发生明显变化,但液化气脱硫系统受到一定影响。     

Y型分子筛酸性质对四氢萘加氢裂化多产B TX反应的影响

以孔性质相近、酸性质存在差异的Y型分子筛为酸性组分制备加氢裂化催化剂,采用N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD、Py-IR、HRTEM等手段表征分子筛和催化剂的物化性质,以四氢萘为模型化合物在高压加氢微反装置上评价催化剂的加氢裂化反应性能.结果表明:提高Y型分子筛上强酸中心比例能促进四氢萘的转化;增加Y型分子筛上中强酸的占比...