双溶剂萃取精馏分离碳九芳烃的方法

一种双溶剂萃取精馏分离碳九芳烃的方法，包括如下步骤：（1）将碳九芳烃混合物进行预分馏，截取含均三甲苯和邻甲基乙苯的富集馏分；（2）将预分馏得到的富集馏分引入双溶剂萃取精馏塔的中部，高沸点溶剂从所述双溶剂萃取精馏塔上部注入，低沸点溶剂从所述双溶剂萃取精馏塔下部注入，在两种溶剂协同萃取作用下，     

溶剂萃取脱除橡胶油中多环芳烃试验探讨

自2010年1月1日起欧盟REACH法规正式实施,多环芳烃PCA含量超过3%的橡胶填充油被视为有毒物质,禁止进入欧盟市场,文章介绍了多环芳烃的毒性和化学组成、欧盟对轮胎用橡胶填充油中多环芳烃含量限制的相关法规以及测试方法,选用几种常用的溶剂,对多环芳烃(PCA)脱除工艺进行了探索性试验。结果表明,芳烃油经过糠醛萃取,可以制得符合欧盟REACH法规的环保型轮胎橡胶油。存在的问题是精制油的收率低于30%,需要进一步开发对多环芳烃选择性更好的新溶剂。     

新疆油砂溶剂萃取研究*

利用复合有机溶剂对新疆油润性油砂进行萃取实验,通过溶剂溶解度参数的运用选择了适合于萃取新疆油砂的可替代甲苯的复合有机溶剂。考察了溶剂油砂体积质量比、萃取时间、萃取温度、搅拌速度等因素对油砂原油回收率的影响。实验结果表明:运用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(乙酸乙酯体积分数为12.5%)复合溶剂对颗粒小于40目的油砂进行萃取,在萃取温度50℃、剂砂比2∶1(m L∶g)、萃取时间30 min、搅拌速率为500 r/min的条件下,油砂原油的回收率可达78%以上。     

催化裂化轻循环油萃取脱芳烃的溶剂选择

通过分析催化裂化轻循环油（LCO）中烃类的组成筛选合适的模型化合物,考察了溶剂对LCO中芳烃组分的萃取分离效果,探讨了溶剂萃取性能与溶剂物性参数之间的关系。结果表明: 溶剂对芳烃的选择性系数从大到小的顺序为环丁砜＞二甲亚砜＞糠醛＞N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）＞N-甲基吡咯烷酮＞N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;溶剂的偶极矩和介电常数与LCO中烃类的这两个参数要有足够大的差异才能有效分离LCO中的芳烃;溶剂对芳烃的选择性系数可与其溶解度参数进行关联,对于与芳烃色散力参数δD相近的溶剂,其极性力δP越大,对芳烃的选择性系数越大;在40 ℃、剂油质量比1:1的条件下,DMF单次萃取LCO得到的抽出油中芳烃质量分数仅为87.2%,而环丁砜单次萃取时为97.3%;通过向DMF中引入助溶剂提高δP,在相同条件下萃取得到的抽出油中芳烃质量分数可达96.5%,抽出油收率为29.9%,萃取性能优于单一溶剂。     

溶剂与芳烃组分之间相溶性的研究

采用基团贡献法分别计算4种溶剂（糠醛、NMP、N-甲酰吗啉（NFM）、DMSO）的三维溶度参数,通过分析某炼油厂环烷基减压馏分油中芳烃组分的三维溶度参数的特点,研究了所选溶剂的溶解度参数与其萃取芳烃组分效果的关系,并进行相容性试验结果对比。结果表明：三维溶度参数理论在表征溶剂和馏分油中芳烃组分的相容性方面有一定的优势,通过实验数据验证,结果基本吻合,根据溶剂对芳烃组分的溶解性和选择性,优选出NFM为芳烃组分萃取分离的单溶剂。     

催化柴油中芳烃分离萃取剂的筛选研究

根据相似相容原理,筛选出7种用于催化柴油中芳烃组分萃取分离的试剂,并通过不同的剂油体积比、复配比例考察萃取剂的萃取效果。试验证明:在这几种萃取剂中,N′的萃取效果最好,在剂油体积比为3:1、反应温度90℃、搅拌速度200 r/min的条件下,可以将柴油中58.2%的芳烃萃取出来;同时,沸点高于200℃的N′易溶于水,二者沸点相差较多,采用简单蒸馏的方式即可回收该萃取剂。     

PY-GC/MS指纹分析重油中多环芳烃及其在加氢处理工艺中的应用

An efficient analytical method combining pyrolysis and capillary GC/MS has been developed for determination and quantitation of targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The limit of detection was ranging from 0.29 to 43.46 μg?ml-1, and repeatability values were between 0.1 to 8.2% for blank spiked samples and 0.1 to 9.8% for real samples of heavy oils. Through application of the proposed method in hydrotreating processes, it is found that heavy oils before and after the specified hydroprocessing have a diverse PAHs distribution which might be decided by the discrepancy in their intrinsic contents and hydrogenation reactivity. Further, hydrogenation reactivity of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was further investigated and discovered to be more interrelated to molecular structure and rings aligning or conjugation mode.     

复配溶剂萃取分离催化裂化油浆影响因素研究

The influence of solvent formulation, temperature, time and solvent-oil ratio on extract oil yields and aromatics contents were analyzed by four factors and three levels of orthorhombic method with Daqing FCC slurry as feedstock and extraction solvent preparing by N,N-dimethylformamide and anti-extractant. The regressive model of extract oil yields and aromatics contents to solvent formulation, temperature, time and solvent-oil ratio were established. The analysis result by response surface method showed that solvent formulation, temperature and solvent-oil ratio have obvious effect on extraction results and there was interaction between temperature and solvent-oil ratio on aromatics contents when FCC slurry extracted by mixed solvent, but the effect of time was not obvious. The model analysis showed that the optimality conditions for FCC slurry separation by mixed solvent were 2.3 of DMF/ anti-extractant, 62.8℃ of temperature, 3.2 of solvent-oil ratio and 35min of time. The prediction results was well consistent with the verification test.     

芳烃抽余油生产植物油抽提溶剂技术

介绍了芳烃抽余油生产溶剂油的工艺技术现状,探讨了两种不同工艺技术路线生产植物油抽提溶剂的可能性,并考虑目标产品和投资等因素,推荐了芳烃抽余油生产植物油抽提溶剂相关技术方案,生产出高质量的植物油抽提溶剂。     

The Improvement of the Quality of Raffinate Obtained from Solvent Extraction of Lubricating Oils

Abstract

Vacuum distillates of an Egyptian crude oil were subjected to solvent extraction process applying N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and furfural as dearomatization solvents. The study shows that the extraction solvent together with the temperature and solvent-to-oil ratio have a significant effect on the yield and quality of produced lubricating oils. The optimum temperature for extracting light waxy distillates with NMP is 55°C at the solvent-to-feed ratio 2:1. These conditions are appropriate to remove the major portion of aromatics from the raffinate. The apparent activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), and free energy of activation (ΔG*) were calculated for the solvent dearomatization process.     

新型稠环芳烃萃取剂的研究开发

中国石油化工股份有限公司九江分公司催化裂化重油抽提工艺以糠醛为萃取剂分离催化油浆或回炼油中稠环芳烃,但因糠醛在酸性物质存在以及一定的温度下,易与稠环芳烃起缩合反应,造成设备结焦。现开发新型稠环芳烃萃取剂来替代糠醛,对于完善和改进催化裂化重油抽提工艺,具有重要意义。新型稠环萃取剂在抽提效果、溶剂损失、经济效益均优于糠醛。     

催化裂化油浆双溶剂芳烃抽提工艺

介绍了利双溶剂进行芳烃抽提处理催化裂化(FCC)油浆的工艺技术,该技术选择湿糠醛为主溶剂,对第二溶剂的选择要求是与饱和烃溶解能力强、选择性好、密度小、使连续相内密度变化较大,既有利于两相的形成,又满足饱和烃反抽。试验结果表明,抽余油的质量优于相应原油的VGO,是优质的FCC原料。     

溶剂辅助重力泄油技术开采稠油室内试验

多孔介质和Hele-Shaw设备中的溶剂辅助重力泄油开采机理不同,特别是两者产生脱沥青作用的压力范围是否一致及增产幅度的差别程度如何尚不明确。为研究溶剂辅助重力泄油技术开采多孔介质中稠油的机理,建立了3层结构的溶剂辅助重力泄油可视化填砂模型,对高渗岩心溶剂辅助重力泄油不同注入压力与泄油速率关系及相同注入压力下不同渗透率岩心溶剂辅助重力泄油脱沥青降黏作用和堵塞流动通道的复合作用机理进行了室内试验研究。试验结果表明:多孔介质溶剂脱沥青作用出现在饱和蒸气压附近,试验泄油速度提高3倍,但脱沥青作用发生的压力范围较小;脱沥青作用会造成低渗地层部分孔喉堵塞。因此,低渗地层VAPEX溶剂注入压力应低于溶剂的饱和蒸气压,而高渗地层则可以充分利用脱沥青降黏作用来提高泄油速率。      

Prediction of Density and Solubility Parameter of Heavy Oils and SARA Fractions Using Cubic Equations of State

Abstract

In this research, the density of the components of some crude oil samples, analyzed based on the Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) method, has been estimated by Peng-Robinson (PR), Soave-Redlikh-Kwong (SRK), and new equations of state (EOS). The obtained results from the New EOS have been compared with those values obtained by PR and SRK, which showed better compatibility with the experimental data available. Then, the density and the solubility parameters of a different crude oil sample were estimated by the New EOS.     

重整生成油及抽余油加氢脱烯烃生产溶剂油的新技术

以重整生成油或其中的抽余油为原料,采用我国自己开发的加氢脱烯烃技术,生产苯类产品及溶剂油,该技术在国内８套工业装置上推广应用,年创税利约１亿元,可满足环保要求,有良好的社会效益。     

油溶性降黏剂降黏性能研究

针对胜利油田现河稠油,研究了7种油溶性降黏剂(Y-1～Y-7)及其复配体系的降黏性能,考察了降黏剂加量、原油含水率对降黏效果的影响,研究了降黏剂对蒸汽驱油效果的影响。结果表明:当油溶性降黏剂质量分数小于5%时,原油降黏率随降黏剂加量的增加而迅速增大,之后增加缓慢,加量为15%时的降黏率可达90%以上(Y-4除外)。Y-3和Y-7按质量比1:1复配后的降黏效果最好,总加量5%、10%时的原油降黏率分别为76.1%和93.14%。不含降黏剂时,随原油含水率增加原油黏度先增加后降低,原油含水50%时的黏度是不含水原油的3.9倍,形成W/O型乳状液。不同含水率下,加入降黏剂后原油黏度大幅降低;随含水率增加,原油降黏率先降低后增加,含水率10%时达到最低(Y-1除外)。稠油蒸汽驱前注入0.009～0.027 PV油溶性降黏剂,采收率增幅为2.8%～6.0%。