New generation of boiling-water-reactor nuclear power plants of increased safety

Scientific-Research Construction Institute of Power Engineering. Russian Scientific Center Kurchatov Institute. Special Design Office of Industrial Organization Izhorskii Plant. All-Union Scientific-Research and Design Institute of Power Engineering Scientific-Industrial Organization. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 13–19, July, 1992.     

Comparison of the cracking resistance characteristics of the base metal and the welded joints of reactor vessels

Skoda Industrial Combine, Czechoslovak Federal Republic. Central Scientific-Research Instituteof KM Prometei. Gidropress Experimental Design Office. NIKIÉT. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 246–251, March, 1992.     

Selection of the coolant for thermionic-emission nuclear power-generating plants in spacecraft

Scientific Production Association Krasnaya Zvezda. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 241–246, March, 1992.     

Behavior of HTGR coated fuel particles and elements in tests under normal and accident conditions

Scientific-Industrial Organization Ray. Russian Scientific Center Kurchatov Institute. Siberian Division, Scientific-Research Construction Institute of Power Engineering. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 189–195, September, 1992.     

Radionuclide contamination and dose rates in Russia and Belarus after Chernobyl accident

Institute of Experimental Meteorology, Scientific-Industrial Organization Typhoon. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 234–238, September, 1992.     

Nuclear fusion from crack-generated particle acceleration

Summary In summary, the high-voltages necessary to accelerate deuterons to energies sufficient to produce modest numbers (10⁴–10⁵/sec) of d-d neutrons appears to be possible as a result of cracking or fracture of the metal lattice in the cold fusion experiments.This mechanism requires neither massive electrons nor exotic nuclear reactions to explain the apparent cold fusion d-d neutron production results. Instead, it is possible that high voltage electrostatic fields, known to be associated with cracking, can reside across a crack gap long enough for the deuterons to be accelerated to sufficiently high energy to produce the d-d reactions. Interestingly, the electrostatic acceleration is quite similar to that of laboratory accelerators except for its submicron scale. Clearly, much work is still required to determine whether such a crack-generated acceleration mechanism, a quasi-particle mechanism, some combination of these, or some other, as yet unidentified mechanism is responsible for the nuclear effects seen in cold fusion experiments.Presented at the Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena, Sante Fe, New Mexico, May 23–25, 1989.     

The efficiency of liquid scintillators in the determination of the tritium concentration of A water sample

Scientific Production Company Monokristallreaktiv. Khar'kov State University. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 405–407, April, 1992.     

The “18 Year” Alternative: A Business Proposal to Develop Commercial Fusion Energy by 2021—The Fusion Power Corporation

This policy essay asserts that the 35 year plan recently adopted by the U.S. Department of Energy's Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee is too risk averse and too costly. An alternative 18 year schedule is proposed. All dollar amounts shown below are undiscounted, and are only intended to be indicative of approximate future costs.     

Oxygen transport in the system niobium-uranium dioxide

Luch Technological Society. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 62–64, July, 1991.     

Substantiation of the Choice of Threshold Parameters for the System Monitoring the Fuel-Containing Materials in the Object “Cover”

A substantiation is given for the choice of threshold values of the neutron flux density (threshold-1 – Attention and threshold-2 – Danger), and formulas are derived for calculating these values for systems which are being designed and are currently in operation for monitoring the state of fuel-containing materials in the object Cover at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.     

Radioactive contamination of the territory of Belorussia and Russia after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster

Institute of Experimental Meteorology. Taifun Scientific-Industrial Association. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 371–376, April, 1992.     

Plane-turns superconducting magnets: Option for fusion

A new concept for large size, complex geometry high field superconducting (SC) magnets has been proposed. According to the approach, a coil is comprised of plane helical turns with insulating layers between them. In this paper, the term superconducting plane-turns helical magnet or helicoid is often substituted by plane-turns magnet or plane-turns coil in order to avoid possible interpretation as the well-known fusion magnetic confinement scheme helical devices. The following advantages of these magnets over traditional ones are outlined for fusion applications: high bending stiffness, optimal current distribution, favorable high current design, and the possible utilization of brittle materials such as ceramics (HTc superconductors, insulators of high radiation tolerance). Some limitations resulting from hysteresis losses restrict the range of application by stationary mode magnetic systems. It is shown that these limitations aren't so severe for toroidal coils and that poloidal fields slightly affect operating characteristics, thus the design seems to be attractable for tokamaks. Brief theoretical and experimental foundation as well as some consideration on conceptual plane-turns SC coil for fusion are presented.     

Regenerative cesium-vapor-supply systems for thermal-emission nuclear power plants

Scientific-Industrial Organization Red Star. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 573–575, December, 1991.     

A probability approach to estimating the safety of a reactor installation

Krasnaya Zvezda Scientific-Designer Bureau. Central Institute of Atomic Energy, All-Union Research Institute of Atomic Energy. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 38–42, January, 1993.     

Determination of leaching factors and effective diffusion coefficients of radionuclides from the results of long tests

radon Scientific-Industrial Amalgamation, Moscow. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 196–197, March, 1991.     

Single-loop nuclear power plant with a pressurized-water reactor

Trust Tsentroénergomontazh. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 458–460, November, 1991.     

Radiation stability of ZnSe(Te) crystals

Scientific-Industrial Association Monokristallreaktiv. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 119–121, February, 1991.     

Thermal stability of scintillation detectors based on hygroscopic alkali-halide crystals

Scientific Planning Department Monokristallreaktiv. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 70, No. 6, pp. 413–414, June, 1991.     

Investigation of the aging of scintillation detectors

Scientific Planning Department Monokristallreaktiv. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 50–51, January, 1991.     

The penetration of gamma-rays through water,iron, lead,and combinations of iron and lead

The dose rate attenuation of -rays is measured in iron, water, and lead for infinite geometry. The dose rate attenuation of -rays is measured in mixtures of iron and lead for barrie geometry. The experimental data obtained is compared with the results of calculations as presented in reference [1].In conclusion, the authors wxpress their deep gratitude to Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences A. K. Krasin for much valuable advice and for his constant interest in the work.