世界耐火材料的新进展

根据１９９５年在日本召开的联合国际耐火学术会议发表的论文，综述了近年来耐火材料的进展一些新型耐火材料，如“陶瓷杯”材料、高性能ＭｇＯ－Ｃ材料，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２，ＭｇＯ－ＺｒＯ２耐火材料等在钢铁工业，建材工业，石化工业的应用。     

自蔓延高温合成Al2O3＋ZrO2＋Cr复合材料

自蔓延高温合成是制备材料的一种新工艺。通过热力学和显微结构分析研究了Ａｌ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２系统，结果表明：在Ａｌ：Ｃｒ２Ｏ３：ＺｒＯ２＝１：２．８：１．４３（ｗｔ）时，可以自蔓延高温合成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃｒ复合材料，ＺｒＯ２不与Ａｌ发生反应，产物孔隙度达３５％－４５％。     

添加剂对Cr2O3—Al系SHS反应的影响

研究了添加ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ及Ｔｉ－Ｃ的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ系的燃烧特性。实验发现，添加ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ时，自蔓燃反应易于引发；体系中混入Ｔｉ－Ｃ添加剂对反应引发不利，但在用纯Ｔｉ－Ｃ作引火剂情况下可以引发。随着ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ添加量的增加，燃烧温度升高，但添加量大于２０％时，燃烧温度反而下降。燃烧温度随Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ＋ＭｇＯ添加量的增加而升高。Ｔｉ－Ｃ添加量的增大对燃烧温度影响不大。燃烧速度随以上添加剂量的增大而增大     

高速钢W6Mo5Cr4V2的脱磷试验

在３０ｋｇ感应炉上用ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ（ＭｏＯ３）渣、ＭｏＣｌ６粉剂和Ａｌ－Ｃａ合金作脱磷剂对高速钢Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２进行脱磷试验。结果表明，ＣａＯ－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＣａＦ２－ＦｅｘＯ渣的脱磷效果最好，一般脱磷率可达２６％￣５６％。     

ZrB2在含碳耐火材料中的行为及影响

ＺｒＢ＿２在含碳耐火材料中的行为及影响［日］山口明良等１前言ＭｇＯ－Ｃ质及Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｃ质等含碳耐火材料由于同时具备优良的抗侵蚀性和抗热震性，近年来发展很快。但由于存在高温下易被氧化而强度减弱这一缺点，有待进一步改进。作为对策，最有效的方法之一是...     

SrO—SrCl2渣系热力学性质的测定与计算

采用Ｍｏ│Ｍｏ＋ＭｏＯ２│ＺｒＯ２（ＭｇＯ）│Ｆｅ＋（ＦｅｘＯ）＋Ａｇ│Ｆｅ固体电池测定ＳｒＯ－ＳｒＣｌ２渣系中ＦｅｘＯ的活度，进而做出该渣系在１６２３Ｋ的等温相图，计算出中ＳｒＯ的活度，探讨了温度对渣中ＦｒｘＯ活度的影响规律。     

Na2O—CrO3—Al2O3—H2O四元水盐体系高碱区相图

在２５℃和８０℃温度下研究了Ｎａ２Ｏ浓度大于４１０ｇ／Ｌ时的Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＣｒＯ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｈ２Ｏ四元体系高碱区相图，发现在高碱区范围内，Ｎａ２Ｏ，ＣｒＯ３和Ａｌ２Ｏ３没有复盐生成，且液相线的位置随温度的变化较大。     

利用本省资源发展白云石耐火材料

利用本省资源发展白云石耐火材料广州耐火材料厂唐肖月，徐平坤一、前言白云石（ＣａＭｇ（ＣＯ３）２），理论化学成分ＣａＯ３０．４１％、Ｍ９Ｏ２１．８７％、ＣＯ２４７．７２％。天然白云石原料含有少量ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等杂质成分。用天然白云石制...     

金属和夹杂物在连铸ZrO2—CaO—C浸入式水口沉积的机理

通过实验室试验，研究了金属和氧化铝在ＺｒＯ２－ＣａＯ－Ｃ耐火材料上的沉积条件（ 相对于Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ耐火材料），结果概述如下：（１）以前报道了 ，铝含量低或氧化铝夹杂物少的时候，和ＡＧ比ＺＣＧ耐火材料更不易沉积。正相反，就某些铝和非金属夹杂物含量来说，ＺｒＯ２－ＣａＯ－Ｃ耐火材料比ＡＧ更容易沉积。（２）沉积可能分两步，第一步是浸入钢水很短时间内，在热面上形成氧化薄膜层（网状氧化铝），第二步是非金属     

CaO—SiO2—MgO—Al2O3精炼渣的脱硫性能

在实验室用模拟装置研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３精炼渣脱硫的性能。碱度和助溶剂ＣａＦ２含量对硫分配比Ｌｓ影响较为显著，并分析了ＭｇＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３对脱硫反应的作用。     

澳斯麦特铜熔炼炉用耐火材料与保护层形成问题

从化学热力学角度论述了澳斯麦特铜熔炼炉用耐火材料与保护层形成的关系,得出最合适的耐火材料是Al2O3-Cr2O3或含MgO低的铝铬砖。     

精炼钢包用Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系复相耐火材料的研发

为适应精炼钢包用耐火材料轻量化的发展需要,采用两步烧结法向Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系复相耐火材料中添加La_2O_3,并对该耐火材料的抗LF精炼渣侵蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,添加的La_2O_3优先固溶入Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系复相耐火材料的晶相CaO·6Al_2O_3中,促使CaO·6Al_2O_3晶胞产生晶格畸变,有效抑制了CaO·6Al_2O_3晶粒沿基面的异常长大,进而有效地促进了Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系复相耐火材料的烧结致密化。当添加La_2O_3的质量分数为4%,在1600℃保温2h烧成后,试样的气孔率由占总体积分数的19.2%下降至6.1%,体积密度由2.78g/cm3上升至3.18g/cm3,制得了含MgO·Al_2O_3、CaO·2Al_2O_3、CaO·6Al_2O_3晶相且呈现交织分布、显微结构致密的Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系复相耐火材料,其抗LF精炼渣侵蚀性能与同等致密度的Al_2O_3-MgO质耐火材料相当。     

铝碳耐火材料力学性能优化研究进展

铝碳耐火材料是冶金连铸、铁水包、中间包等部位常用的耐火材料,因其使用环境恶劣,对强度、抗热震性、抗渣侵蚀性等各项性能的要求都较高.优化铝碳耐火材料的力学性能能降低因机械应力引发的物理损毁和热应力引发的热震损毁,直接影响使用寿命.优化耐火材料的原料是易实现且高效的研究方向.从制备铝碳耐火材料的3种原料出发,分别从催化改性...     

含铬耐火材料及其在冶金中的应用

含铬耐火材料中氧化铬组分在炉渣中的溶解度较低,少量的溶解即可使炉渣达到饱和,可有效抑制炉渣对耐火材料的侵蚀。氧化铬与氧化镁、三氧化二铝、氧化锆、二氧化硅等组分平衡共存时,在冶金条件下无低熔点相生成,利用这些氧化物可制成优质的含铬耐火材料。氧化铬与渣中氧化钙在氧化性气氛下易生成Cr6+,在还原性气氛下通过对生成Cr6+化合物的镁铬砖加热处理可使其无害化。     

Influence of Al2O3 Level in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Refining Slags on Slag/Magnesia-Doloma Refractory Interactions

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The influence of the Al2O3 level in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 (CSMA) stainless steel refining slags on the degradation of magnesia-doloma refractories was...     

钢包粘渣的机理研究

通过对粘渣物、钢包渣、工艺因素、保温剂和钢包残样等的分析,指出钢包粘渣是冶炼钢种、钢包热状态和包衬耐火材料共同作用的结果.高Al2O3的渣冷凝后析出高熔点物质、小修后钢包热状态差以及渣钢渗入耐材是粘渣的主要原因.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系渣中Al2O3含量对铝镁质浇注料侵蚀的影响

摘要：钢中添加适量铝元素可以提高其韧性与耐腐蚀性,但在冶炼过程中会影响炉渣中Al2O3含量而改变其与现行铝镁质浇注料的界面反应,制约钢种冶炼及品质提升。因此,采用静态坩埚法开展铝镁质浇注料的抗CaO-Al2O3-SiO2渣蚀实验,并结合热力学模拟计算探究Al2O3含量（w(CaO)∶w(Al2O3),C/A）变化对耐火材料渣蚀的影响规律,得到以下结论：随着熔渣中Al2O3含量的增加,铝镁质浇注料与熔渣反应界面越易形成更厚的高熔点隔离层,将耐火材料组分向熔渣中的直接溶解转变为间接溶解,有利于提升铝镁质浇注料的抗侵蚀性;当渣中的Al2O3质量分数在32%左右时,熔渣的侵蚀性总体较弱,但当渣中的Al2O3质量分数不小于36%时,熔渣对铝镁质浇注料产生了严重的渗透性,也易造成材料变质剥落。这为面向含铝钢冶炼用耐火材料的优化设计提供参考。     

Effect of Al2O3 content in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag on corrosion resistance of alumina magnesia castable

The toughness and erosion resistance of steel can be improved by adding an appropriate amount of aluminum. However it will increase the content of Al2O3 in slag and react with the existing alumina magnesia castable, and affect smelting and quality of steel. Therefore, static crucible method was applied, corrosion experiments of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags on the alumina magnesia castable were carried out, and the influence of Al2O3 content (w(CaO)∶w(Al2O3), C/A ratio) on slag corrosion resistance was investigated by combining thermodynamic simulation. The following conclusions were obtained: with the increase of Al2O3 content in the slags, the thicker isolation layer with high melting point is easier to form at the reaction interface between alumina magnesia castable and the slags. The direct dissolution of the refractory components into the slags can be changed to indirect dissolution, which is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of alumina magnesia castable. Nevertheless, when the content of Al2O3 in the slag is about 32 wt.%, the slag corrosion is generally weak, when the content of Al2O3 in the slag is more than 36 wt.%, the slag has serious permeability to the alumina magnesia castable, which is easy to cause the deterioration and spalling of the material. It provides guidance on the optimization and design of the refractories for Al containing steel smelting.     

Evolution of oxide inclusions in W800 non- oriented electrical steel

Inclusion is one of the major factors affecting magnetic properties of non- oriented electrical steel. Steel and slag samples were sampled in the production route of W800 non- oriented electrical steel. The composition of slags and the content of TO were measured by XRF and oxygen and nitrogen analyzer. The morphology, amount and composition of oxide inclusions were analyzed by an automated scanning electron microscope ASPEX. Before adding aluminum, the oxide inclusions are mainly spherical silicon oxide and a few SiO2- MnO wrapped by SiO2. Due to the high affinity with oxygen of aluminum, the oxide inclusions changed to alumina and MgO??Al2O3 spinel after adding aluminum. Only two types of morphologies of Al2O3 can be observed by polishing and acid etching. Sphere shape, cluster and polyhedron shape of Al2O3 can be observed after electrolysis of nonaqueous solution. Therefore, electrolysis of nonaqueous solution is more effective and accurate in revealing the morphologies of oxides. The average content of MgO in inclusions increases to 8. 1 mass% during soft blowing, due to the erosion of refractories.The inclusions grows larger and are removed effectively by argon blowing. Nearly no CaO exists in oxides because of low basicity and mass ratio of CaO to Al2O3. With the addition of Al, the inclusions are SiO2, liquid SiO2- Al2O3 and Al2O3, which are in agreement with the observed results.