Certain problems related to the aerodynamics of the gravity flow of a finely dispersed free-flowing material

We present the results from theoretical and experimental investigations into the determination of the velocities of vertically incident particles for Re < 2000 and for the volumes of air ejected by a stream of a free-flowing material being transferred through closed troughs.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1045–1051, June, 1969.     

Kinetics of acoustic drying of capillary-porous materials

Investigations have been made of the drying of quartz sand and specimens of foam polyurethane in an acoustic field. The layerwise distribution of moisture and temperature during elimination of moisture is given.     

Comparative study of hot air drying and microwave drying for dewatered sludge

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The seafood processing industries produce large amounts of wastewater sludge in Thailand. Most of sludge is dewatered and then sent directly to...     

Kinetics of heating disperse materials during drying in a vibrofluidized layer

Approximate solutions of the main equation of heat and mass transfer for a periodic and continuous process of drying in a vibrofluidized layer are given, and compared with experimental data; a Rehbinder number is used to establish the connection between the temperature of the material and the moisture content.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 600–609, October, 1969.     

Kinetics of drying of various materials and calculation of the duration of drying

This paper deals with methods of combining the drying curves obtained in different conditions into a single curve, the analysis of the kinetics of the process, and methods of calculating the duration of drying of materials. The proposed method of calculation is a development of Lykov's method.     

Moisture distribution in granular material during drying in a fluidized bed

This paper gives the results of a determination of the moisture content gradient and an investigation of the moisture distribution in a granular material during drying in a fluidized bed.     

Kinetics of drying of moist materials in superheated steam

A method is proposed for the approximate calculation of the drying time for different materials when drying in a medium of superheated steam with constant parameters at atmospheric pressure.     

Solution of a drying problem for a colloidal porous material with a moving evaporation boundary

Closed solutions are derived for linear differential equations for one-dimensional drying with an evaporation boundary moving in accordance witht.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizieheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 871–876, November, 1973.     

Automatic material characterization at microwave frequencies

An instrument was assembled to measure complex permittivity at microwave frequencies in an efficient, inexpensive manner. It bridges the gap between traditional, tedious methods of characterization and expensive vector network analyzer techniques. A microcomputer is used to control the operation of a scalar network analyzer. Measurements of the magnitude of the reflection and transmission coefficients are automatically made as a function of frequency and temperature over a range of 2-18 GHz. A theory is developed covering the different regimes of operation: the thin sample, the multiple reflecting sample, and the high insertion loss sample. Sample thickness criteria for accurate measurements are reported. Results are presented for dielectric and semiconductor samples     

Kinetics of the process of electrocontact drying of moist materials

The method and results are presented for an experimental and analytical study of the kinetics of the process of drying of moist materials impregnated with an electrolyte by the passage through them of an electric current of commercial frequency.     

Kinetics and dynamics of the conductive drying of disperse materials

An analysis is given of the effect of certain parameters on the intensity and rate of conductive drying, the results are generalized in the form U = f(N₁/u₀), , and information is given for the thermal calculation of the process.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1004–1011, June, 1979.     

Graphene - a promising material for organic photovoltaic cells

As a promising two-dimensional nanomaterial with outstanding electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, graphene has been proposed for many applications. In this Progress Report we summarize and discuss comprehensively the advances made so far for applications of graphene in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, including that for transparent electrodes, active layers and interfaces layer in OPV. It is concluded that graphene may very likely play a major role in new developments/improvements in OPVs. The future studies for this area are proposed to focus on the following: i) improving the conductivity without comprising the transparency as a transparent electrode material; ii) controlling the sheet sizes, band structure and surface morphology for use as a electron acceptor material, and iii) controlling and improving the functionalization and compatibility with other materials as interface layer material.     

Development of macroporous calcium phosphate scaffold processed via microwave rapid drying

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold has great potential in bone tissue engineering applications. A new method to fabricate macroporous calcium phosphate (CP) scaffold via microwave irradiation, followed by conventional sintering to form HA scaffold was developed. Incorporation of trisodium citrate dihydrate and citric acid in the CP mixture gave macroporous scaffolds upon microwave rapid drying. In this work, a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), trisodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid and double distilled de-ionised water (DDI) was exposed to microwave radiation to form a macroporous structure. Based on gross eye examinations, addition of trisodium citrate at 30 and 40 wt.% in the CP mixture (β-TCP and CaCO₃) without citric acid indicates increasing order of pore volume where the highest porosity yield was observed at 40 wt.% of trisodium citrate addition and the pore size was detected at several millimeters. Therefore, optimization of pore size was performed by adding 3–7 wt.% of citric acid in the CP mixture which was separately mixed with 30 and 40 wt.% of trisodium citrate for comparison purposes. Fabricated scaffolds were calcined at 600 °C and washed with DDI water to remove the sodium hydroxycarbonate and sintered at 1250 °C to form HA phase as confirmed in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Based on Archimedes method, HA scaffolds prepared from 40 wt.% of trisodium citrate with 3–7 wt.% of citric acid added CP mixture have an open and interconnected porous structure ranging from 51 to 53 vol.% and observation using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the pore size distribution between 100 and 500 μm. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that the porous HA scaffolds have no cytotoxic potential on MG63 osteoblast-like cells which might allow for their use as biomaterials.     

Modeling of the process of drying of a dispersed material by a superheated steam in a pneumatic-transport system

Mathematical modeling of the cyclic drying of a dispersed material moving in the ascending and descending flows of a superheated steam has been performed. The dependence of the moisture content of particles on the operating parameters of a pneumatic-transport system has been established. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 147–155, July–August, 2007.     

Influence of graphite oxide drying temperature on ultra-fast microwave synthesis of graphene

Ultra-fast synthesis of graphene has been reported by microwave assisted graphene oxide reduction. In this article, the graphene oxide was initially dried above room temperature. The initial heat treatment of graphene oxide demonstrates a distinct improvement of exfoliation rate of graphene sheets. This method provides an efficient way for mass production of high quality graphene sheets. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques has been used to characterize reduced graphene sheets. The quality of reduced graphene was found to be affected by the initial drying temperature of graphite oxide.