旋流叶片管相变传热过程数值模拟

相变传热是一种特殊的管内传热方式,采用具有内旋流结构的管子在保证相变传热效率的同时,防止相变传热引起的管壁烧干传热恶化现象是改进换热设计的重要手段。本文基于计算流体力学软件FLUENT对一种带有多段贴壁旋流片的管内两相流动过程进行了数值模拟。计算得到了管内速度分布和管道阻力情况。计算结果表明这种带有旋流片的管道在控制管阻的同时有效增强了管内传热效率。     

不同结构换管管内传热及流动阻力性能的试验研究

本文研究了圆形光管、圆形内肋管、椭圆管及滴形管的管内传热及流动阻力性能，整理出了相应的传热及流动阻力关联式，并对其进行了比较分析。     

不同结构换热管管内传热及流动阻力性能的试验研究

本文研究了圆形光管、圆形内肋管、椭圆管及滴形管的管内传热及流动阻力性能，整理出了相应的传热及流动阻力关联式，并对其进行了比较分析。     

自转螺旋扭带管内三维流动与传热数值模拟

建立了内置自转螺旋扭带管的三维流动模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对管内流场进行了数值模拟,得到了流体的流动和传热特性.研究表明：自转扭带管内的流动是复杂的三维螺旋流动.流体在扭带与管内壁环缝区域的轴向速度比光管的大;流体在与扭带宽度等直径范围内的切向速度随半径的增大而增大,流体在扭带与管内壁环缝区域内也存在明显的切向速度,但随半径的增大而减小;而光管内流体的流动只有随机的切向运动,且其切向速度要比扭带管内的切向速度小2个数量级;扭带管流体的径向速度和湍流度也比光管的大.扭带管内流体近管壁区域轴向、切向、径向速度和湍流度的加大,强化了管内的对流传热,其表面传热系数大于光管.另外,速度场的模拟值与激光测试值进行了比较,二者吻合较好.     

异形竖板降解蒸发器的传热性能

研究了异形竖板降膜蒸发器的传热性能,得出了液膜在不同流动状态时板外侧和板内侧无因次传热膜系数关联式;将异形竖板与竖直平板和竖直光滑管的传热性能进行了比较,得出了改善其传热性能必须从蒸发侧着手的结论。     

扭曲扁管管内流动与传热的三维数值研究

利用计算流体力学和数值传热学的方法,对扭曲扁管三维模型的流动与传热性能进行了数值模拟计算和理论分析,研究了管内流体的Re,Pr以及管子几何尺寸对其流动与传热性能的影响,结果表明,扭曲扁管具有较好的强化传热效果,在管内流体具有高Pr低Re数的条件下,其强化传热效果尤为明显。根据数值计算的结果数据,拟合出了努塞德数和阻力系数的准则公式,对扭曲扁管工程实际应用具有一定的参考价值。     

多孔管管内流动沸腾传热实验

在常压条件下,采用单管换热器进行实验,水为介质,管内垂直向上流动,管外由蒸汽加热,分别在不同流量、不同加热蒸汽温度下对内表面烧结型多孔管和光管中的流动沸腾传热进行了实验,并将实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,多孔管强化传热效果明显,多孔管能够将流动沸腾传热系数提高3倍,换热器总传热系数提高了1.8倍。     

异形竖板降膜蒸发器的传热性能

研究了异形竖板降膜蒸发器的传热性能 ,得出了液膜在不同流动状态时板外侧和板内侧无因次传热膜系数关联式 ;将异形竖板与竖直平板和竖直光滑管的传热性能进行了比较 ,得出了改善其传热性能必须从蒸发侧着手的结论     

波纹管强化管内沸腾传热的试验研究

分别以煤油和水为工质,对不同流速情况下波纹管和光管的管内流动沸腾传热特性进行了试验研究。试验中采用套管式换热器,依靠管外的高温热水对管内工质加热使之沸腾。在不同流速下,根据试验测量的流量和温度等参数计算管内流动沸腾传热系数。结果表明:随着气相雷诺数的提高,传热系数随之提高;相对光管,波纹管对上升流动管内沸腾传热有明显的强化作用。根据试验结果给出了波纹管管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式。     

夹套式上升管内荒煤气对流辐射传热的计算

通过理论推导和数值计算,分析了荒煤气在上升管内流动的对流传热和辐射传热问题。基于热平衡方程推导得到上升管内荒煤气流动传热微分方程,考察荒煤气进口温度、内壁面发射率、对流传热系数和斯坦顿数对上升管内壁面温度变化和荒煤气出口温度的影响。采用Matlab软件编制四阶Runge-Kutta计算程序求解,得出上升管内壁温度沿轴线方向的变化曲线和荒煤气的平均传热系数,荒煤气在夹套式上升管中的平均传热系数为30 W/(m^2·K)~36 W/(m^2·K),将此计算结果与他人的成果进行对比,吻合较好,误差为10%左右。结果表明:辐射传热过程主要受内壁面发射率和荒煤气进口温度的影响,内壁面发射率越大,辐射传热量越大;流体速度对对流传热的影响很大,随着流速的增加,对流传热量增大;焦炉在一个炼焦周期内,应该合理控制荒煤气的流量,可避免上升管内壁焦油的凝结;在设计上升管时,增大内壁面的发射率,可以提高上升管的传热效率。     

制冷系统用新型水平管降膜蒸发

以R134a制冷循环为基础,将水平管降膜蒸发应用于蒸发器中,通过调节不同工况来研究其换热特性。其中热通量8～40 kW·m^-2,工质的喷淋量0.005～0.04 kg·m^-1·s^-1,以光滑管为基础,对针对降膜蒸发而设计的TJX、EX两种强化管进行了实验研究,并利用修正威尔逊法进行数据处理。分析表明,降膜蒸发换热特性主要与热通量和喷淋量有关,而随着热通量的增加,每根管型传热系数在遇到临界热通量点后呈现下降趋势。此外强化表面的传热系数要明显优于光滑管,特别是具有网格槽道设计的EX管。由于实验系统是一个制冷系统,含有润滑油,发现润滑油的存在明显降低了传热系数。最后在实验基础上对光滑管换热特性进行预测,并在此基础上提出强化管的修正系数。     

含固体粒子旋转流强化流体传热的实验及模拟研究

针对管内除垢与防垢及强化传热问题,对工程上应用较广的扭曲管、扭带管中旋流场内低浓度液固流场综合性能进行实验及模拟研究. 结果表明,含粒子旋流场可提高流体湍流强度,与圆管相比,扭曲管和内插扭带圆管均有较好的旋流效果,相同Re下扭曲管的换热系数提高18.7%~30.1%,阻力系数提高13.1%~181.8%,综合性能评价因子平均提高15.5%,高于圆管和扭带管;而扭带管的换热系数比圆管提高5.6%~32.9%,阻力系数最高. 对扭曲管内粒子传热性能进一步优化,模拟值与实验值的误差为10.7%~12%. 旋流作用有利于提高液固流场的综合性能,但较高流速下该综合性能则逐渐降低.     

Particle‐scale simulation of the flow and heat transfer behaviors in fluidized bed with immersed tube

A kind of new modified computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) method was founded by combining CFD based on unstructured mesh and DEM. The turbulent dense gas–solid two phase flow and the heat transfer in the equipment with complex geometry can be simulated by the programs based on the new method when the k‐ε turbulence model and the multiway coupling heat transfer model among particles, walls and gas were employed. The new CFD‐DEM coupling method that combining k‐ε turbulence model and heat transfer model, was employed to simulate the flow and the heat transfer behaviors in the fluidized bed with an immersed tube. The microscale mechanism of heat transfer in the fluidized bed was explored by the simulation results and the critical factors that influence the heat transfer between the tube and the bed were discussed. The profiles of average solids fraction and heat transfer coefficient between gas‐tube and particle‐tube around the tube were obtained and the influences of fluidization parameters such as gas velocity and particle diameter on the transfer coefficient were explored by simulations. The computational results agree well with the experiment, which shows that the new CFD‐DEM method is feasible and accurate for the simulation of complex gas–solid flow with heat transfer. And this will improve the farther simulation study of the gas–solid two phase flow with chemical reactions in the fluidized bed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

不同倾角螺旋叶片转子综合传热性能数值模拟

对叶片倾角在30°～60°之间的7种开槽螺旋叶片转子的湍流流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟研究。数值模拟采用RNG 湍流模型,采用SIMPLE算法进行速度和压力的耦合,对管内壁面采用强化壁面处理法。选取管程入口流量为2.6 m3/h时管程中部截面的速度场、温度场和湍流强度进行了分析,结果表明,开槽螺旋叶片转子可在换热管内引起旋流,增强管内流体湍动,促进对流传热。考虑转子引起传热和阻力两方面因素,采用综合评价指标PEC对7种不同倾角转子进行比较,叶片倾角为60°的开槽螺旋叶片转子具有较好的综合传热性能。     

Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop in plain tube bundles

The influence of turbulence intensity on heat transfer and pressure drop in tube bundles was measured in an open wind tunnel. The bundles consisted of one to three rows of plain tubes with in-line and staggered tube arrangements. The vertically arranged tubes were heated by saturated steam, condensing inside, and cooled outside with air in cross-flow. The turbulence intensity behind different grids varied in the air stream between 0.8% and 25%, and the air-side Reynolds numbers ranged from 1.5 × 10⁴ to 1.5 × 10⁵. The enhancement of the heat transfer coefficients for the bundles is due to an increase in the level of turbulence and also to a decreasing number of rows. The increase in the Nusselt number is about 42% for a single row and about 14% for a tube bundle with three rows.

From the pressure drop experiments it follows that over a wide range of Reynolds numbers the drag coefficient is almost independent of the inlet turbulence intensity.

In this paper the experimental results for single rows and for bundles with three rows are presented. The influence of the transverse and longitudinal pitch to diameter ratio on heat transfer and pressure drop is discussed.     

HFC245fa水平光管与强化管管束外冷凝换热

试验研究了新型环保工质HFC245fa在光管与强化换热管管束上的冷凝换热特性。试验管束由4列排深为5排的列管构成,换热管公称外径为19.05mm、有效换热长度为1000mm。试验中,通过改进的Wilson图解法获得强化换热管水侧对流传热系数,利用2接点温差电偶测试蒸气与冷却水温差(±0.025℃),利用热电偶通过小周期标定法获取试验管进出水温差(±0.01℃);考察了冷凝温度、热通量对冷凝换热的影响。研究结果表明:HFC245fa在光管单管外冷凝传热系数与Nusselt模型预测值一致性较好;同热通量下,强化换热管单管上的冷凝传热系数为光管的13.5倍;光管管束上的试验结果比Nusselt管束模型预测值高20%～50%;强化管冷凝换热性能受作用热通量的影响较大。试验结果对工质与新管材推广、应用具有指导意义。     

强制对流冷凝传热强化

研究了强制对流条件下，非共沸混合工质Ｒ１１／Ｒ１１３在三排水平直列光滑管及花瓣形翅片管束外的冷凝传热。实验结果表明：花瓣形翅片管由于具有特殊的三维翅片结构，既能激发流动的蒸气产生强烈地湍流，减小其气膜热阻，又能充分发挥冷凝液表面张力的作用，减少其液膜热阻，从而显著地强化了非共沸混合工质在管束外的冷凝传热。在相同热流率下，其管束平均冷凝传热系数是光滑管管束的３～５倍。     

多孔板支撑的管壳式换热器在硫酸生产中的应用

综合考虑强化传热性能和制作安装的便利性,开发了多孔板支撑光滑管（或缩放管）的气体换热器,用于硫酸装置转化系统。该换热器人需将管子能布置得下的较小壳体,并在圆形支撑板上于每根管子周围区域钻一些小孔,气流进入换热器壳程后以顺流方式沿管外壁均匀流动,靠气流通过小孔时的收缩与扩张产生一定的湍流,强化传热。实际运行压降降低,传热效果较好。     

V型导液槽对HFC245fa水平管束外冷凝换热影响

试验研究了HFC245fa在水平光管与强化管管束外的冷凝换热特性,提出在管束中加装V型导液槽来消除管束效应的方法,并通过试验研究了V型导液槽对管束冷凝换热特性的影响。试验管束由4列排深为5排的列管构成,带导液槽管束的前4排管下方加装了两段长度为450 mm的导液槽;试验换热管公称外径为19.05 mm、换热长度为1000 mm。试验中,以Wilson描点法获得强化换热管水侧对流传热系数,以对比试验方法研究了V型导液槽对水平管束外冷凝换热性能的影响。结果表明：传统的管束效应模型仅在较小的热通量范围适用;凝液在管间的迁移形态与流态随管上作用凝液量的系列变化是导致管束效应变化的主要因素;加装导液槽可有效控制凝液在管间的迁移,控制管束效应;加装导液槽使光管单管冷凝传热能力下降10%左右,使光管管束总体换热能力提升4.5%相似文献   

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation in turbulent flow

Based on finite volume method, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of one smooth tube and ten different axisymmetric corrugated tubes, including two with uniform corrugation and eight with non-uniform corrugation, have been studied. A physical model of the corrugated tube was built, then the numerical simulation of the model was carried out and the numerical simulation results were compared with the empirical formula.The results show that: the friction factor decreases with the increase of Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 57000, the value of which in the corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation(tube 03–10) are smaller than those with uniform corrugation(tube 01–02). The geometry parameters of tube(01) have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in low Reynolds number flow region(from 6000 to 13000) and tube(07–08)have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in high Reynolds number flow region(from 13000 to 57000). The vortex, existed in each area between two adjacent corrugations called second flow region, is the root of the enhancement on heat transfer in the corrugated tubes. The effectiveness factor decreases with the increasing of Reynolds number and the performances of the corrugated tubes with pitch of 12.5 mm have advantages than these of 10 mm under the same corrugation geometric parameter.