锑红玻璃的研制

通过在配合料中引入适量的还原剂(碳粉)、控制着色剂的用量以及控制玻璃熔制工艺制度研究锑红玻璃的制备。同时,在实验过程中考虑到工业生产的需要,讨论了水分对锑红玻璃显色的影响。利用密度、光谱分析等测试手段,对所研制的锑红玻璃进行了测试,获得较佳的配方组成、熔制和二次显色工艺参数。     

生物玻璃显色机理及其体外矿化性能的研究

在利用熔融法制备生物玻璃过程中,由于熔融条件及原料纯度的改变而使玻璃显示不同颜色,如淡红色、淡蓝色与无色.为了探讨生物玻璃的显色机理,进而控制制备工艺,本研究采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定了显色生物玻璃在可见光范围内的透光曲线.采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)确定造成生物玻璃显色的杂质元素为镍、铁和硫,并探讨了生物玻璃的显色机理.通过体外实验和红外光谱分析技术以及比较了不同显色生物玻璃的矿化性能,来反映其生物活性的水平.研究结果显示呈淡红色和无色生物玻璃的体外矿化性能略高于淡蓝色生物玻璃.本文研究结果可用于生物玻璃的标准化制备工艺控制.     

内部形成黄色立体图案无色透明玻璃材料的研究

研究了以R2O-Al2O3-SiO2为系统玻璃,掺杂Ag 制备内雕图案呈黄色玻璃的工艺,着重讨论了内雕和热处理过程显色图案内部结构的变化及热处理参数对图案着色性能的影响.研究结果表明选取合适的玻璃组成,在520℃温度下处理3～5h,可制备出图案呈金黄色的玻璃试样.     

折射率为1.6的变色玻璃的研制

本文总结了折射率为１．６倍的变色玻璃的研制工作，研究了显色工艺与玻璃变色性能的关系，讨论ＴｉＯ２、Ｎｂ２Ｏ５、ＺｒＯ２对变色玻璃性能的影响。     

相关组分在制造硒硫化镉颜色玻璃中的作用

在制造硒硫化镉颜色玻璃时 ,除了加入玻璃的基本组成 Si O2 和着色剂 Cd S、Se外 ,还必须加入 Zn O、碱金属氧化物、冰晶石、B2 O3和重金属硫化物等次要组分。这些次要组分在制造硒硫化镉颜色玻璃过程中起着重要作用。Zn O对防止着色剂硒和硫的挥发起直接作用 ,是制造硒硫化镉颜色玻璃不可缺少的组分之一。碱金属氧化物、冰晶石、B2 O3主要起助熔作用 ,降低玻璃熔制温度 ,加速玻璃的澄清和均化 ,间接防止着色剂硒和硫的挥发。微量重金属硫化物作为晶核形成剂 ,使 Cd S(Se)微晶固溶体容易成核和长大 ,加速并简化玻璃的显色工艺     

谈谈玻璃“三星”

金星玻璃是一种具有广泛用途的装饰材料.作者比较了所研究的三种金星玻璃的化学组成,熔制工艺,结晶过程,结晶物质,并明确提出了金星效果的问题.     

硫化锑红色玻璃的制备及光谱性能研究

选择硫粉，锑粉为着色剂，以碳粉为还原剂，制备出了硫化锑红色玻璃，并对其光谱性能进行了研究。结果表明：锑红玻璃的颜色主要取决于Sb2S3胶体颗粒的数量。随着色剂锑粉用量的增加、显色温度的升高、显色保温时问的延长试样的光谱曲线均向长波方向移动。通过严格控制配合料中的水分，可以制备出性能优良，颜色纯正，透过率高的红色玻璃。     

钠锌硅系统光学玻璃的低温熔制技术

研究了低温熔制钠锌硅系统玻璃的组成和加热工艺参数,结果表明:玻璃的组成应与三元相图中三相低温共熔点的组成相对应,加入少量外加剂可以显著提高玻璃的熔制速度;玻璃熔制温度为1370～1380℃;对熔制过程中出现的一些问题,提出了相应的解决方法。     

无铅磷酸盐封接玻璃的最新进展

分析了传统铅基封接玻璃对环境的影响，综述了无铅磷酸盐封接玻璃的特点、组成和制备、基本结构与性能及其研究方法，讨论了组成对结构和性能的影响。指出当前研究存在的问题，对这类新型封接玻璃的应用前景进行了预测。     

影响长余辉发光玻璃涂层的因素

本文阐述了发光玻璃涂层的组成及生产工艺,详细研究了荧光光粉颗粒度、热处理、玻璃载体对发光玻璃涂层发光的影响,通过一系列实验可知,若荧光粉在掺杂的过程中处理不当会引起荧光猝灭、或表面质量的低劣;而在玻璃涂层的烧结温度下,发光涂层只有少许氧化,不影响发光;ＳＥＭ及Ｘ射线能分析表明,玻璃载体不参与涂层发光过程,亦不与发生光物质起反应,只有保护和粘合发光涂层的作用。     

Solvothermal synthesis of uniform bismuth nanospheres using poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) as a reducing agent

Uniform bismuth nanospheres were successfully prepared from bismuth nitrate in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) by solvothermal process. The product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray. PVP plays a critical role both as a reducing agent and a capping agent in the formation of bismuth nanospheres. Shape and size of bismuth nanospheres could be tuned by changing the employed PVP/bismuth salt ratio. It was also found the solvent had an effect on the morphologies of bismuth nanomaterials. The possible formation and growth mechanism of bismuth nanospheres were also discussed and proposed to explain the reduction step.     

Thermal and chemical behaviour of different glasses containing steel fly ash and their transformation into glass-ceramics

Chemically inert and different coloured glasses were prepared by inserting up to 10 wt.% steel plant fly ash into different kinds of inorganic matrices. Three different matrices were tested: municipal incinerator grate ash, glass cullet and a low cost CMAS devetrifiable glass. The experimental techniques used to characterise both the starting and the heat treated (glass-ceramics) glasses were differential thermal analysis, durability and release tests, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and colour analysis (CIELab method). The results reached suggest the possibility to recover the steel ash both as a starting material in glass and glass-ceramic formulations and as a colouring agent in place of a pure iron oxide into a colourless base system.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃表面析晶动力学研究

采用X衍射分析（XRD）,扫描电镜分析（SEM）等测试分析手段,研究了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2（以下简称CAS）系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学。通过块状样品的析晶趋势表征了表面析晶模式,计算了晶体生长阶段的析晶速率;采用SEM测试方法分析了玻璃颗粒中晶体长大过程。     

Superficial colouring of lead crystal glass by sol–gel coatings

Sol–gel silver containing coatings have been prepared and applied upon lead crystal glass. Both undoped and arsenic oxide-doped lead crystal glasses have been used as substrates. Arsenic oxide was introduced with different percentages as a thermoreducing agent, with the aim to favour silver ions reduction and aggregation to form nanosized colloids. Such silver colloids yielded a superficial yellow ruby colouring, due to their known surface plasmon resonance band in the visible range (∼420 nm). The influence of the experimental parameters to obtain yellow ruby colouring (percentage of arsenic oxide in the lead crystal base glass; silver content of the coatings precursor sol; coating thickness; atmosphere, temperature and time for thermal densification; etc.) were investigated. Samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy (absorption and transmission). Colour co-ordinates, dominant wavelength and colour purity percentage were calculated from the corresponding transmission visible spectra. The role of the thermoreducing dopant (arsenic oxide) is essential for obtaining superficial yellow colouring. The higher the percentage of arsenic oxide, the higher is the intensity of the yellow colouring. When the silver content of sols increased, the same tendency is observed. Thermal densification of the sol–gel coatings have to be carried out under oxidising atmosphere, since heat-treatments performed under reducing atmosphere yielded grey-brownish colouring, due to reduction of the lead from the base glass. Optimum conditions for obtaining superficial yellow ruby colouring on lead crystal glass were selected.     

彩色显像管玻璃着色技术研究

通过直接熔制实验并把获得的大量试验数据经过数学回归,确定了着色剂Co3O4,NiO与彩色屏玻璃的色品坐标及透射比之问的定量关系和计算公式。通过分析玻璃离子着色的机理和影响因素,总结出在生产工艺中如何调控彩色显像管屏玻璃色品坐标的科学方法。     

P2O5-BaO-Nb2O5三元系统玻璃的形成及性能的研究

研究P2O5－BaO-Nb2O5三元系统的玻璃形成区,给出了该三元系统玻璃形成范围。结果发现该系统在网络形成体P2O5的摩尔分数仅为20％,Nb2O5的摩尔分数为30％,BaO的摩尔分数为50％的成分点仍成玻璃。讨论了Nb2O5在系数中的作用以及部分玻璃的着色问题。熔制了BaO的摩尔分数恒定为50％的（50－x)P2O5-xNb2O5-50BaO(x=0,1,10,25,30)和Nb2O5的摩尔分数恒定为10％的yP2O5-10Nb2O5-(90-y)BaO(y=40,50,60,70)玻璃。测定了其折射率、Abbe数、非线性折射率、转变温度、析晶温度、熔化温度、氧原子摩尔体积及密度和组成之间的关系,并从红外吸收光谱的结果初步探讨该玻璃结构。认为在该系统中Nb2O5的作用介于网络形成体和中间体之间。玻璃着色的原因是Nb^5 被还原。     

日用陶瓷铅溶出量的检测与釉彩颜料

用原子吸收光谱法测定了釉上彩、釉中彩、釉下彩等日用陶瓷制品中铅的溶出量,该检测方法干扰因素少,测定值准确度高。并对不同釉彩的陶瓷制品在烧成过程中形成的不同结构与铅溶出量的关系作了一定的探讨。     

Al2O3对硼硅酸盐玻璃热膨胀和分相的影响

通过红外光谱分析了Al2O3取代SiO2后硼硅酸盐玻璃结构的变化,测试了玻璃的热膨胀系数和膨胀软化温度,通过扫描电子显微镜分析硼硅酸盐玻璃的分相,并结合X射线能谱分析了富硅相的组成.结果表明:硼硅酸盐玻璃中引入Al2O3后,随着Al2O3取代量的增加,玻璃结构中[BO3]增多,[BO4]减少;玻璃的热膨胀系数增大,转变温度和软化温度提高;硼硅酸盐玻璃中引入Al2O3后对玻璃的分相没有明显的改善作用.     

In situ transmission electron microscopy of solid-liquid phase transition of silica encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles

The solid-liquid phase transition of silica encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles were prepared by a two-step chemical synthesis process involving thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors for nucleating bismuth and a sol-gel process for growing silica. The microstructural and chemical analyses of the nanoparticles were performed using high-resolution TEM, Z-contrast imaging, focused ion beam milling, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Solid-liquid-solid phase transitions of the nanoparticles were directly recorded by electron diffractions and TEM images. The silica encapsulation of the nanoparticles prevented agglomeration and allowed particles to preserve their original volume upon melting, which is desirable for applications of phase change nanoparticles with consistently repeatable thermal properties.     

Effects of cobalt,copper, manganese and titanium oxide additions on the microstructures of zinc containing soft porcelain glazes

Different types of glazes, which are nearly all based upon silicate compositions, are used to meet a wide range of requirements in service. Many artistic effects are achieved by departing from a clear, smooth, transparent system. Coloured glazes are produced by several means such as the inclusion of colouring oxides, addition of stains, dispersing finely divided particles and the use of precious metals, applied in the form of lines or bands, or even screen-printed patterns. Colouring oxides commonly used include iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, vanadium, cadmium and selenium. Zinc oxide has a beneficial effect in many coloured glazes amongst which crystalline ones are more noteworthy. With this paper the effects of CoO, CuO, MnO₂ and TiO₂ additions into zinc oxide containing crystal glazes differentially heat-treated are described on micro-scale appearances. Experimental techniques used were X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).