ZrH2填充改性Al/PTFE的力学响应与毁伤性能

为了研究ZrH2对Al/PTFE反应材料力学响应与毁伤性能的影响,采用冷压烧结工艺制备了Al/ZrH2/PTFE、Al/PTFE和纯PTFE三种材料的圆柱体与药型罩试件,通过准静态压缩、落锤冲击和高速撞靶实验,对三种材料的力学性能、撞击感度与撞靶毁伤效能进行了对比研究.实验结果表明:三种PTFE基材料均为弹塑性材料,都存在应变硬化效应,质量分数为10％的ZrH2能提高Al/PTFE反应材料的力学强度,使其屈服强度与失效应力分别达到22.2 Mpa与93.3 Mpa,也可降低材料撞击感度,使其点火激发能增加1.93 J,并通过活化分解参与反应保证材料能量释放水平不受影响.两种含能药型罩在撞靶过程中能发生撞击释能反应,产生穿/扩孔综合效应,形成花瓣式外翻的穿孔形式,与惰性毁伤元相比,反应材料的撞击-反应双重毁伤效应能大幅提升其扩孔能力,在Al/PTFE反应材料中引入适量添加剂ZrH2,能进一步增强材料的撞靶毁伤效能.     

球形含能结构材料弹体超高速撞击多层薄钢靶的毁伤特性

为研究含能结构材料对多层薄钢靶的超高速毁伤特性,利用二级轻气炮开展了PTFE/Al基和Al基全金属两种含能结构材料超高速撞击多层钢靶的典型毁伤模式研究,得到了材料类型和侵彻速度对毁伤效应的影响。研究结果表明,相比于惰性金属材料,两种含能结构材料对多层薄钢靶均具有明显的靶后横向毁伤增强效应,能够对第二层靶板产生大破孔的毁伤效果,破孔孔径可达弹径的4倍以上。基于AUTODYN数值仿真软件开展了含能结构材料参数有效性验证和含能弹体不同侵彻速度下毁伤效果的数值仿真,结果显示J-C强度模型联合Lee-Tarver三项式点火反应模型和J-C强度模型联合Shock状态方程分别能够较好地描述PTFE/Al基和Al基全金属含能结构材料对多层薄钢靶的破孔毁伤特性。此外,材料释能机制的差异使得提高侵彻速度对提升PTFE/Al基含能结构材料的毁伤效果的作用有限,但能够明显提升Al基全金属含能结构材料对多层钢靶板的毁伤效果。     

三种反应材料药型罩对双靶板毁伤性能实验研究

为验证Al/PTFE、Ni/PTFE、Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE 3种氟基反应材料的毁伤性能,通过模压烧结的方法制备了3种氟基反应药型罩,同时进行了破甲验证试验。结果显示:3种氟基反应药型罩均能在炸药驱动撞击下发生化学反应,并能有效贯穿第1层靶板,Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE反应材料制备的药型罩撞击时对靶板的径向膨胀扩孔效应最明显,对第1层靶板的开孔直径达到16cm,但未能贯穿第2层靶板;Ni/PTFE反应材料制备的药型罩在贯穿第1层靶板后能有效贯穿第2层靶板,且对第2层靶板的开孔直径达到1.5cm;3种氟基反应药型罩对第1层靶板的开孔大小依次为Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE(3~#)、Al/PTFE(1~#)、Ni/PTFE(2~#);对第2层靶板的开孔大小依次为Ni/PTFE(2~#)、Al/PTFE(1~#)、Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE(3~#)。     

PTFE基含能药型罩制备及毁伤性能研究

选取了不同PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)基反应材料,通过模压烧结的工艺制备了一批具有一定强度的PTFE基含能药型罩,并利用炸药对其进行直接驱动撞靶实验。结果显示:各PTFE基含能药型罩都能在炸药驱动下成功撞击反应,Mg/PTFE反应材料制备的药型罩和Al/Fe_2O_3/PTFE反应材料制备的药型罩对靶板开孔效果极好,开孔直径分别为13cm和12cm;而Al/Fe_2O_3(AR)/PTFE反应材料制备的药型罩仅在撞击部位造成变形凹坑。研究表明靶板穿孔效应与PTFE基含能药型罩所能承受的最大真实应力值有关,药型罩所能承受的最大真实应力值过小会导致药型罩对靶板穿孔扩孔失败。     

三元氟基反应材料的压缩力学性能与毁伤效能研究

为研究氟基反应材料的爆炸反应过程及对目标靶板的毁伤效能,在PTFE/Al的基础上分别加入15%体积分数的Fe2O3、Mo O3、Mn O2,制备了3种三元氟基反应材料,测试了其准静态压缩条件下的力学性能,以及所制备的药型罩在炸药驱动下对靶板的穿孔扩孔效应。研究结果表明,3种材料均具有较高的结构强度,且制备成的药型罩在炸药的驱动下均能发生爆炸反应,直接贯穿厚度为10mm的钢板。其中,PTFE/Al/Mo O3材料穿孔扩孔能力最强,是一种优异的毁伤材料。     

Al/PTFE/W反应材料的准静态压缩性能与冲击释能特性

为了提高铝/聚四氟乙烯/钨(Al/PTFE/W)氟聚物基反应材料的冲击反应毁伤效能,开展了Al/PTFE/W反应材料的准静态压缩实验。分析了W的含量(0%,30%,65%)、Al颗粒粒径(13,45,75μm)以及PTFE颗粒尺寸(25,160μm)对反应材料的准静态力学性能的影响。用准静态密闭反应容器对反应材料进行了冲击释能测试,测得反应材料在750~1200 m·s~(-1)的冲击反应压力、释能持续时间。分析了Al颗粒粒径及PTFE材料粒径对冲击反应释能特性的影响。结果表明,当W的含量为0,30%和65%时,反应材料的失效强度分别为55.6、64.8和22.8 MPa,W的含量变化对屈服强度的影响不大。Al颗粒的尺寸从75μm减小到13μm时,反应材料的失效强度从64.7 MPa提高到83.1 MPa,提高幅度为28.4%。增大PTFE基体材料的粒径也可有效地提高反应材料的失效强度。反应材料的初始反应压力阈值和释放能量持续时间受材料粒径和准静态压缩力学性能的影响。     

Al/PTFE活性材料的动态力学行为和撞击点火特性

为探究铝/聚四氟乙烯(Al/PTFE)活性材料在动态载荷下的力学行为及其点火机理,采用分离式霍普金森压杆对不同成型压力下所制备的Al/PTFE试件进行动态压缩试验。试验结果显示,当应变率为2960～5150 s~(-1)时,Al/PTFE试件在动态加载下呈现出典型的弹塑性力学行为,成型压力为50～150 MPa时,Al/PTFE试件的屈服强度和硬化模量并未表现出应变率效应。成型压力30～80 MPa时,Al/PTFE试件的速度点火阈值随成型压力的增加从28.77 m·s~(-1)缓慢升高到29.22 m·s~(-1),材料的点火延迟时间始终保持在600～700μs。当成型压力达100 MPa时,Al/PTFE试件的速度点火阈值大幅下降至26.60 m·s~(-1),且随着撞击速度的提高,活性材料的点火延迟时间由1000～1100μs降到600～700μs。结合扫描电镜结果可知,成型压力为100～150 MPa时,活性材料内部的局部大尺寸孔洞是材料速度点火阈值下降的重要因素。Al/PTFE活性材料的撞击引发点火特性主要与外部载荷和内部微观形貌有关。     

活性材料PTFE/Al动态压缩性能

采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验技术,研究两种不同配比的聚四氟乙烯/铝(PTFE/Al)活性材料(PA265和PA35)在高应变率下的力学压缩性能与加载反应性能,对比分析了铝含量不同对PTFE/Al活性材料的屈服强度,破坏性能,反应性能的影响.研究结果表明: 两种PTFE/Al活性材料存在应变率效应,在应变率1000～8000 s-1范围,PA265的屈服应力为32～44 MPa,PA35的屈服应力为40～55 MPa.铝含量越高,PTFE/Al的屈服强度越高; 在应变率3100～5800 s-1范围内,两种材料的破坏应力基本相同,约为143～153 MPa; PA265和PA35的临界反应应力分别为157,163 MPa; 铝粉含量不能高于35%,否则由于缺少足够的氧化剂(PTFE)而普遍出现不完全燃烧反应的现象.     

双层含能药型罩K装药射流成型及侵彻性能试验

为提高含能材料形成射流对目标的侵彻深度,设计了一种基于K装药结构的Al/Ni?Cu双层含能药型罩聚能装药结构,其内层罩为无氧铜,外层罩为Al/Ni含能结构材料。分别开展了Al/Ni?Cu双层含能药型罩与Cu?Cu双层药型罩的聚能射流成型X光试验、侵彻钢锭静破甲试验和对典型混凝土靶标的侵彻威力试验。研究结果表明,双层含能药型罩K装药起爆后可形成连续射流,侵彻的钢靶和混凝土靶中有明显的开坑区形成,但射流对侵彻过程的扩孔作用不明显。Al/Ni?Cu双层含能药型罩可发挥动能和化学反应的联合侵彻毁伤效应,与Cu?Cu罩相比,在靶中形成射流堆积更少,对钢靶的侵彻深度和侵彻体积分别提高了20.1%和23.0%,对混凝土靶的侵彻深度和侵彻体积分别提高了17.2%和45.6%。     

钨颗粒增强铝/聚四氟乙烯材料的冲击反应特性

针对模压烧结法制备的4种不同配比的铝/钨/聚四氟乙烯(Al/W/PTFE)反应材料,采用分离式霍普金森压杆加载方法和高速摄影技术研究其冲击反应特性。实验结果表明：随着W含量的增加,反应材料的屈服强度和破坏强度提高;反应材料的应力-应变曲线分为弹性阶段、硬化阶段和破坏阶段,动态压缩特性具有明显的应变率效应;Al/W/PTFE反应材料的冲击反应过程可分为变形、破坏和燃烧反应;Al/W/PTFE反应材料中增加W含量,提高了材料的反应应变率阈值和比能量阈值。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.