The determinants of election to the Presidency of the American Economic Association: Evidence from a cohort of distinguished 1950’s economists

Data have been collected on 55 members of the AEA Executive Committees for the years 1950–1960 (inclusive) on a variety of variables that measure the merit and non-merit characteristics of the economists. A logit is estimated in which the dependent variable is a dummy variable for whether an Executive Committee member was ever elected President of the American Economic Association (AEA). The number of publications and citations are important determinants of election. Receiving a PhD from one of the top three schools does not help and living in the South does not hurt. Economists who were older in 1956 were more likely to have eventually been elected to the AEA Presidency.     

Investigating gig workers’ commitment to crowdsourced logistics platforms: Fair employment and social exchange perspectives

Crowdsourced logistics is developing rapidly during and post COVID-19. As key workers of crowdsourced logistics, gig workers' commitment is essential for the sustainable development of gig platforms. Drawing from the social exchange paradigm and organisational identification, this study explores how the five principles of Fairwork provided by crowdsourced logistics platforms (i.e., fair representation, fair management, fair conditions, fair contracts, fair pay) contribute to gig workers' organisational identification, which subsequently influences career satisfaction and career commitment. The study gathered 177 responses from gig workers in Singapore in July 2022. The structural equation modelling findings suggest that factors such as fair conditions, fair pay, fair representation, fair management, and fair contracts have substantial impacts on organisational identification. Moreover, the link between organisational identification and career commitment is partially mediated by career satisfaction. Overall, this study enriches the literature by proposing a suitable theoretical model to explain gig workers' commitment to crowdsourced logistics platforms. Moreover, the empirical results provide implications on the understanding of gig workers’ concerns for gig platforms, as well as policy suggestions for the maintenance of gig workers in the future.     

Learning from Political Change and the Development of MNCs’ Political Capabilities: Evidence from the Global Mining Industry

Previous studies have suggested that (1) a type of organizational capabilities—namely, political capabilities—are required for multinational corporations (MNCs) to grow in global markets, (2) political capabilities are important for building productive relations with governments in politically risky host countries, and (3) MNCs can develop political capabilities by accumulating foreign experiences. However, empirical studies have found both positive and negative effects of such experiences on global market expansions. This study attributes such mixed findings to our lack of understanding about MNCs’ procurement processes of political capabilities and proposes types of experiences critical for such procurements by focusing on their reactions to political changes in host countries. Using data on the global mining industry and political changes in host countries, we find that MNCs develop political capabilities and thus make entries into politically risky host countries when they accumulate the experience of partially divesting some of their assets after political changes in host countries. We also find that MNCs are less likely to enter such countries if they have more experiences of exiting from host countries following political change.     

Reading between the lines of the ‘Responsible Resource Development’ rhetoric: the use of omnibus bills to ‘streamline’ Canadian environmental legislation

In Canada, the use of omnibus budget bills in recent years has grown substantially. In 2012, it was used twice by the Government of Canada. As a result, a number of substantial changes to environmental legislation were introduced with virtually no debate nor compromise. This situation has been criticized for seriously reducing the credibility of the budget process and the authority of Parliament in Canada, as well as undermining the transparency and accountability of the policy-making process. This paper describes how changes to major policies through the use of omnibus bills (all, arguably, in the name of faster project review decisions) affect not only established environmental protection efforts, but also the public and Aboriginal (First Nations, Inuit and Metis) peoples, particularly in terms of their capacity to effectively participate in resource development.     

On the influence of uncited publications on a researcher’s h-index

Scientometrics - A researcher’s output comprises cited and uncited papers. Nevertheless, the conventional h-index considers only the cited papers; and, in particular, awards a score to the...     

Determinants of consumers’ remanufactured products purchase intentions: Evidence from China

Previous studies have examined the main factors that influence consumer acceptance of remanufactured products based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). However, researchers have not yet conducted detailed studies to classify the variables of TPB. In the present research, this gap is addressed by using a TPB model which (1) differentiates attitude into experiential attitude and instrumental attitude, (2) differentiates subjective norm into normative social influence and informational social influence, and (3) differentiates perceived behavioural control into product knowledge, perceived risk, and perceived inconvenience. In this study, past experience and the interaction effect of attitude and subjective norm are also considered. The research results suggest that experiential and instrumental attitude, normative and informational social influence, product knowledge, and past experience are positive determinants of consumers’ purchase intentions toward remanufactured products, while perceived inconvenience and perceived risk are negative determinants. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that the interaction effects of experiential attitude and subjective norms positively affect purchase intentions, whereas the interaction effects of instrumental attitude and subjective norms have a negative effect. Based on the research conclusions, this study concludes with a discussion of proposals for improving consumers’ remanufactured product purchase intentions, implications for product design and manufacturing, limitations of the current study, and recommendations for further research.     

Rejuvenation heat treatment’s influence on the microstructure and properties of superalloys

Rejuvenation heat treatment is an important technology to restore damaged microstructure and properties of superalloys. This investigation is conducted to figure out the effect of rejuvenation heat treatment on the superalloys. The microstructure and micro-hardness of K002 and DZ125 superalloys after different heat treatment procedures were evaluated. The results show that the heating temperature mainly affects the solubility of the carbides and γ′ phases, while the cooling rate has an effect on the morphology of secondary γ′ phase. Owing to the transition of carbides during the work process, rejuvenation heat treatment temperature has little effect on the amount of carbides in damaged alloys. Suggestions for rejuvenation heat treatment are proposed.     

The Effects of National and International Interaction on Innovation: Evidence from the Irish CIS: 2004–06

This paper analyses the importance of decisions to interact nationally and internationally for the likelihood of process and product innovation in a sample of Irish firms. The key contribution is to provide an empirical test of the relative importance of geographically proximate versus distant interaction, using a two-step procedure to remove potential endogeneity in interaction decisions. In doing so it finds that only national and only international interaction have the expected positive effects on the probability of innovation, while engaging in both national and international interaction has no effect. The findings support hypotheses on the importance of both geographically proximate and distant interaction for innovation, though the lack of significance for both national and international interaction means there is no evidence to support the proposition that these forms of interaction are complementary.     

Does prestige dimension influence the interdisciplinary performance of scientific entities in knowledge flow? Evidence from the e-government field

Scientometrics - It has long been understood that knowledge flow can be divided into knowledge integration and knowledge diffusion and can be investigated by interdisciplinary scientific research...     

The Evidence of Institutional Investors’ Herd Behavior and the Research on Market Simulation

In the context of vigorously developing China’s securities market institutional investors in the period of economic transition,this paper does the empirical research on the herd behavior from the view of the interaction between individual and institutional investors. This paper adopts the standard deviation of trading volume the cross-section to measure herd behavior. The results show that no matter what the market is in bull status and bear status,institutional investors perform herd behavior and with the expansion of the shareholding scale in a bull market,the herd behavior is higher,which suggests that the vigorous development of institutional investors has not eliminated herd behavior. This paper further confirms that there is the endogenous volatility in the market based on an artificial stock market. Finally it is demonstrated the herd behavior of institutional investors cause abnormal fluctuations in the market.     

Letter to the Editor: Comments on the paper of Batagelj—on fractional approach to analysis of linked networks

Scientometrics - We examine the role of count conservation when derived network matrices are obtained from linked network matrices using an outer product decomposition. It is seen that a full...     

Stability of Bingham flows: from the earliest works of A.A. Il’yushin to the present

A review of the works devoted to stability of Bingham flows with respect to perturbations of various kinds is presented. Both hydrodynamic aspects and bifurcation approaches to stability are affected. Much attention is given to Il’yushin’ articles in the late 1930s and the early 1940s of the twentieth century which had been pioneer in these subjects.     

Examining the influence of open access on journals’ citation obsolescence by modeling the actual citation process

Scientometrics - This paper aims to quantify and analyze the impact of open access (OA) on the obsolescence characteristics of journals. A total of 15 journals that changed their status from closed...     

Letter to the editor: comments on the paper of Gagolewski et al.: Ockham’s index of citation impact

Scientometrics - In a recent paper in Scientometrics, Gagolewski et al. (2022) elaborated on a 3DSI model (3 dimensions of scientific impact) using a triplet of primary indicators (N, the number of...     

The influence of reactive element additions to β-NiAlCr alloys on the morphology of thermally grown oxides

Abstract

The effect of the reactive elements (REs), Y and Zr, on oxidation of β-NiCrAl alloy at 1373 K in a gas mixture of argon with 20 vol.% oxygen at atmospheric pressure was evaluated using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The oxide surfaces and interface morphologies, compositions and growth kinetics were studied for alloys with 0.32 at.% Zr and 0.24 at.% Y additions and for an undoped alloy. The oxide layer produced on the three different alloys contains mainly α-alumina and some intermediate alumina modification, Cr₂O₃ and RE-oxides. A needle-like morphology was seen on top of the oxide layer for the undoped and Zr alloy. Needle formation on the Y alloy was suppressed by the formation of a thin Y₂O₃ layer during the initial stage of oxidation. Needles were maintained to long oxidation times for the undoped alloy, but disappeared on the doped alloys indicating that some cation diffusion is possible when REs are present. Fewer intermediate alumina modifications are seen for the oxide layers on the RE alloys showing that the REs promote the formation of the α-alumina phase. Oxide layer growth occurs in two stages for all alloys. Initially, oxide growth is rapid with outward diffusion of aluminium. The second stage of oxidation is slow and is initiated by the formation of a closed α-alumina layer limiting further oxidation to inward oxygen diffusion. This stage is characterised by parabolic growth kinetics associated with a constant aluminium interface concentration. The oxide layer is thinnest for the Y alloy due the fine Y₂O₃ layer acting as a diffusion barrier. The oxide/alloy interface for the undoped alloy is flat and shows many voids, whereas voids are not seen for the RE alloys. This is due to the promotion of a closed α-alumina layer giving predominantly inward growth early in the oxidation process. Oxide pegs of the RE are also seen growing into the alloys. The lack of voids and the oxide pegs are advantageous for oxide layer adhesion to the doped alloys.     

Investigation on the biomimetic influence of biopolymers on calcium phosphate precipitation—Part 1: Alginate

The understanding of how macromocules act in precipitation of inorganic phases is the key knowledge that is needed to establish the foundation to mimic nature and produce materials with high mechanical modulus besides outstanding optical and thermal properties. This study investigated how addition of small amounts of alginate (7–70 ppm), that presents many carboxylic groups, affects phase distribution and morphology of calcium phosphates, obtained through precipitation and further submitted to calcination and sintering. The results lead to the conclusion that alginate action is dynamic, where alginate molecules act as templates to nucleation, and most of the biopolymer remains in solution even when all calcium phosphate has precipitated. However, despite the effect on phase composition being mainly related to the system's kinetics, alginate does present thermodynamic interaction with the precipitates. It is probable that it acts by reducing the free energy of nucleation, as in heterogeneous nucleation processes.     

The influence of the applicants’ gender on the modeling of a peer review process by using latent Markov models

In the grant peer review process we can distinguish various evaluation stages in which assessors judge applications on a rating scale. Bornmann & al. [2008] show that latent Markov models offer a fundamentally good opportunity to model statistically peer review processes. The main objective of this short communication is to test the influence of the applicants’ gender on the modeling of a peer review process by using latent Markov models. We found differences in transition probabilities from one stage to the other for applications for a doctoral fellowship submitted by male and female applicants.