Study on Fabrication Process of Anisotropic Injection Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets

This study is on the injection molding process for the fabricating anisotropic Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets. The effects of powder loading, particle size of the magnetic powder, polymer binder and the fabricating process on the magnetic and the mechanical properties of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated. The proper powder loading, particle size and binder are 60%(vol%), 75–106 μm and PA 1010, respectively. The optimum condition for good magnetic properties of anisotropic injection bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets is mixing the binder and the chemicals in the temperature between 205–215 °C, injection temperature of 265 °C, the injection pressure of 5–6 MPa, the press time of 5 second, and molding temperature of 80 °C. The magnetic properties of anisotropic bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets made in above conditions from d-HDDR powder were: B_r=0.72 T, _iH_c=983 kA/m, (BH)_max=75 kJ/m^c.     

用铁精矿生产异性粘结永磁橡塑磁粉的研究

介绍一种利用磁铁矿生产粘结橡塑磁粉的新型方法，探讨了各种添加剂，烧结制度及粒度对磁性能的影响。通过中试证明，此工艺完全可应用于大规模工业生产。     

Recycle for Sludge Scrap of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet as Isotropic Bonded Magnet

The reduction diffusion method was performed for the sludge scrap of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with adding Ca metal to recover the oxidized Nd-Fe-B phase. After washing the resultant powders to remove Ca metal component, the powders obtained were recycled as an isotropic magnetic powder by the melt spinning method. The magnetic properties of powders as recycled were inferior, especially for the coercivity value, due to the deletion of rare earth metals during the washing process. The adjustment of metal composition, i.e., the addition of Nd metal, at the melt spinning process improved the magnetic properties to be Br=～0.75 T, Hcj=～0.93 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～91 kJ·m-3. The magnetic properties of the bonded magnets prepared from the composition-adjusted powders were Br=～0.66 T, Hcj=～0.92 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～70 kJ·m-3, which are approximately comparable to the commercially available MQPB boned one(Br=～0.73 T, Hcj=～0.79 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～86 kJ·m-3).     

快淬NdFeB磁粉的磁选分离

快淬NdFeB磁粉的制备过程中有许多因素影响磁粉性能的均匀性 ,致使出现部分低性能的磁粉 ,磁选可把低性能的磁粉分离出来。研究了磁选时辊轮转速、磁选次数以及磁场强度对快淬Nd9.5(FeCoZrAl) 84 .5B6 磁粉分离效果的影响。研究表明 ,选择合适的磁选工艺参数能有效分离低矫顽力的磁粉。与未磁选的Nd9.5(FeCoZrAl) 84 .5B6 磁粉制作的粘结磁体相比 ,磁选后的磁粉制作的粘结磁体磁性能有较大的提高 ,最佳磁性能为 :Br=697.4mT ,Hcb=44 2kA·m- 1 ,Hcj=741kA·m- 1 ,(BH) max=77kJ·m- 3。     

Automotive Motor Innovation With Anisotropic Bonded Magnet — MAGFINE

In 2002 Aichi steel has developed anisotropic NdFeB bonded magnets called MAGFINE25 which has the world's strongest bonded magnet with a maximum energy product of 25 MGOe. Using MAGFINE, a power seat motor used in automobile has been new designed to achieve 50% size and 40% weight reduction, and the new motor called MF motor has been launched in 2005. MAGFINE is expected to make a big progress of automobile small motor in weight reduction. In this paper, the recent progress for the anisotropic NdFeB bonded magnet MAGFINE will be reviewed about the hydrogen treatment technique, the mechanism, the new press production technique and the motor design.     

各向异性Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx粘结磁体的研究

采用粉未冶金法对合金及其氮化物与粘结磁体的组织形貌、物相及磁性能进行了较为详细的研究.结果发现，均匀化退火可以明显减少Sm12.8Fe87.2合金中的富Sm相与α—Fe含量。氮化后Sm2Fe17晶格膨胀形成Sm2Fe17Nx主相，氮化20h内Sm2Fe17Nx相单胞体积膨胀超过6％，在20h有最大值△Ve／Ve=8.36％：氮化后合金中的α-Fe含量增加，未见相应用胞体积膨胀:Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx取向粘结磁体中Sm2Fe17Nx相的006衍射明显增强，而其他衍射及α-Fe的衍射减弱，易轴方向磁体的矫顽力优于磁粉的，而剩磁与最高场下磁化强度值劣于磁粉.     

Application of Rare Earth Magnet Nd-Fe-B in Solid-Liquid Separation

Application of Rare Earth Magnet Nd-Fe-B in Solid-Liquid Separation     

Selective Leaching Process for Neodymium Recovery from Scrap Nd-Fe-B Magnet

Neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets were most widely applied to permanent magnetic products in the world due to their high magnetic force. The increasing growth of scrap Nd-Fe-B magnets resulted in disposal problems and the reduction of neodymium (Nd) valuable resources. In this study, we developed a simple hydrometallurgical precipitation process with pH adjustment to separate and recover Nd 100 pct recovery from scrap Nd-Fe-B magnets. Several physical and chemical methods such as demagnetization, grinding, screening, and leaching processes were also adopted to investigate the recovery of Nd and other metals from scrap Nd-Fe-B magnets. The leaching process was carried out with four leaching reagents such as NaOH, HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄. Batch studies were also conducted to optimize the leaching operating conditions with respect to leaching time, concentration of leaching reagent, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio for both HCl and H₂SO₄ leaching reagents. Nd was successfully separated and recovered with 75.41 wt pct from optimized H₂SO₄ leaching solution through precipitation. Further, the purity and weight percentage of the obtained Nd product was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the obtained product of Nd was in the form of NdOOH and Nd(OH)₃.     

烧结钕铁硼永磁材料制备工艺的研究进展

对当前烧结钕铁硼永磁体制备工艺中速凝铸带、氢碎、烧结和热处理以及添加合金元素等工序进行了介绍,并对其研究进展进行综述。同时,对烧结钕铁硼永磁体行业可能的发展方向进行了展望。     

成型工艺对粘结钕铁硼永磁材料磁性能的影响

采用由熔体快淬法制备的不同粒度大小的M Q粉搭配,分别与粘结剂和一些助剂(固化剂、润滑剂等)按照一定的比例混合,放入模具中,在不同压力下压制成所需要的形状,加热到一定的温度固化。结果表明,磁粉的粒度搭配、成型压力是影响磁性能的重要参数。     

Magnetic Alignment Study of Hybrid Magnet Consisting of R-Rich and R-Lean Nd-Fe-B Alloys

A hybrid magnet was prepared by the hot-pressing and die-upsetting of the mixture of the R-rich Nd_xFe_93.5–xGa_0.5B₆ (x= 13.5 and 11.8) alloy and the R-lean Nd_xFe_93–xNb₁B₆ (x = 6, 9) alloy melt-spun ribbons. The microstructure and magnetic properties of the hybrid magnet were investigated. In the hot-pressed or die-upset hybrid magnet the R-rich and R-lean alloy regions existed independently without alloying between them. The two alloy regions in the die-upset hybrid magnet were coupled effectively via a magnetostatic interaction. A texture was developed only in the R-rich Nd₂Fe₁₄B single phase alloy region in the die-upset hybrid magnet, and this led to an anisotropic nature in die-upset hybrid magnet. The die-upset hybrid magnets containing higher Nd-content (13.5 at%) host alloy shows consistently a better magnetic alignment with respect to the magnets with lower Nd-content (11.8 at%) host alloy.     

成形压力对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体微观组织与磁性能的影响

在于法制备烧结钕铁硼生产线上,研究了11.54 MPa和9.23 MPa两种成形压力对Φ9.5mm烧结钕铁硼磁体(/%:31.00Pr+Nd、1.20B、0.20Al、余Fe)微观组织与磁性能的影响。结果表明,成形压力增大可以改善晶粒分布的不均匀性,提高取向度,从而提高剩磁与磁能积;但成形压力增大易使晶粒尺寸增大,从而使矫顽力降低。     

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B Magnets Fabricated by Single-Stage Hot Deformation

Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were fabricated by the single stage hot deformation (SSHD) method. The magnetic properties of the anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets are as follows: the maximum energy product is 234.7 kJ·m-3, remanence 1.16 T and coercivity 684.3 kA·m-1. A study of the relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties for the anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets was carried out. The results show that the grains of Nd2Fe14B have grown up preferentially along the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction.     

Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet Powders Recovered by Yb Metal Vapor Sorption

Fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks(particle size=46～125 μm in diameter) were coated and alloyed with Yb metal by sorbing them. A significant recovery of the decreased magnetic properties of the ground powders(remanence Br=～0.95 T, coercivity Hcj =～227 kA·m-1 and maximum energy product(BH)max=～48.8 kJ·m-3) was observed in accordance with increasing temperature up to 800 ℃. The sorbing temperature and time for Yb metal vapor were optimized and after heating at 800 ℃ for 90 min and annealing subsequently at 610 ℃ for 60 min, the Br, Hcj and(BH)max values were increased to be 0.98 T, 712 kA·m-1 and 173 kJ·m-3, respectively. From the microstructural characterizations of resulting samples by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron probe X-ray microanalyzer(EPMA), it is found that the sorbed Yb metal uniformly covers the surface and diffuses to the Nd-rich grain boundary of fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks forming a(Nd,Yb)Fe2 phase.     

Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结致密化过程, 分析了有效稀土含量、合金粉末粒度与烧结致密化过程的关系, 讨论了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的致密化机制. Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程可分为3个阶段, 即致密化过程迅速进行阶段、缓慢进行阶段、相对稳定阶段;随着烧结温度的上升, 第一阶段表现得更为突出, 第二阶段对应的烧结时间区段大大缩短. 有效稀土含量的提高、合金粉末粒度的减小显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程. 主相颗粒重排以及主相颗粒长大与形状适位性变化是Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的两类主要致密化机制, 而且后者对于Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体实现完全致密化起着决定性的作用.     

Progress of Research on Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets

Some progress of research on bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets in National University of Defense Technology(NUDT) is presented in this paper. The contents include B-rich R₂Fe₁₄B-based nano composite with good performance; a model to determine of the least amount of binder; resin for high temperature application; resin encapsulating magnetic powders for long-term storage; thermoplastic polymer used for mold-pressing magnets; hybrid bonded Nd-Fe-B/Sm₂Co₁₇ magnet with a potentially useful improvements in remanence and magnetic energy product.     

HDD法粘结NdFeB磁体的磁性能

研究了NdFeB合金成分、均匀化处理和HDD处理脱氢过程对磁性粉末及粘结磁体磁性能的影响。实验表明,HDD法制备的NdFeB粉末具有较好的温度稳定性和时间稳定性。     

纳米复相钕铁硼磁体的研发近况

综述了新型粘结永磁材料纳米复相钕铁硼的研发意义、组织特点、磁性能提高的基本原理、界面交换耦合强度判据、制备技术要点、最新成分、新制备技术及磁性能，并分析了存在的问题和推广应用时应注意的事项。     

钕铁硼永磁体电镀Ni-P非晶态合金镀层

研究了钕铁硼永磁体电镀Ni-P非晶态合金镀液组成、工艺参数和工艺流程,分析了影响镀层性能的影响因素,包括电流密度、温度、镀液的pH值及亚磷酸的含量等。测定了镀层与基体的结合强度;用中性盐雾试验评定了镀层的耐蚀性。结果表明,Ni-P非晶态合金化学稳定性好,耐蚀性优异,是钕铁硼永磁体的一种理想保护镀层。