纳米TiO2/Ni复合刷镀层的接触疲劳性能

采用电刷镀技术制备了纳米TiO2/Ni复合镀层,研究了镀层的接触疲劳性能,采用扫描电镜观察了镀层疲劳断口。结果表明:含有纳米颗粒的复合镀层表面形貌均匀细小,镀层内应力较大;载荷为60 N时,复合镀层的接触疲劳性能显著高于纯镍镀层,接触疲劳寿命达到140万次;载荷为140 N时,其接触疲劳性能低于纯镍镀层。低载荷时,复合镀层接触疲劳断口呈明显的塑性特征;而高载荷时疲劳断口呈完全的脆性,疲劳裂纹呈近似直线扩展。     

激光电刷镀Ni基镀层表面形貌及相结构研究

进行了脉冲和连续Nd^2＋：YAG激光电刷镀Ni及n—Al2O3／Ni试验，利用SEM分析了镀层表面形貌，采用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的相结构。结果表明：与普通电刷镀镀层相比，激光强化电刷镀镀层晶粒明显细化，其中镀层的晶粒尺寸减小了约5nm，且激光的连续性对Ni镀层晶粒尺寸的影响较大。激光未对Ni镀层和n-Al2O3／Ni复合镀层的晶体结构产生明显影响，但使镍晶粒在（111）晶面具有优先生长现象。     

纳米Al2O3/Ni复合电刷镀层的微动磨损特性

利用电刷镀技术制备了纳米Al2O3/Ni复合镀层,研究了镀层与GCr15摩擦副从室温到500℃的微动磨损特性,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕微观形貌.结果表明:镀层的微动运行区域包括部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区;在微动初期迅速增大的摩擦因数在稳定阶段有所降低;随着试验温度的上升,摩擦因数显著降低,但当试验温度为500℃时,摩擦因数又有所上升;复合电刷镀层的显微硬度随温度升高而显著下降,导致其抗磨损性能降低.复合电刷镀层在室温下的微动损伤主要表现为剥层,而在200℃以上时主要表现为剥层和粘着.     

脉冲电沉积Ni/纳米Al_2O_3复合镀层的组织结构与性能

采用脉冲电沉积方法制备Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的组织结构,对Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的硬度、摩擦磨损性能和铝液在复合镀层表面的铺展性能进行测试。结果表明:复合镀层的硬度随镀液中Al2O3悬浮量的增加而升高;纳米Al2O3悬浮量为20g/L的Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的摩擦因数为0.459;铝液在Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层表面的亲润性比淬火45#钢差,具有良好的耐铝液侵蚀性能。     

CeO2对Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合镀层微观组织和摩擦学性能的影响

采用纳米复合电镀技术,通过向Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合镀溶液中添加CeO2方法在45#钢上制备了Ni/α-Al2O3-CeO2纳米复合镀层;研究了CeO2对镀层微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能的影响;用分析型扫描电镜、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层组成、微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能进行了分析。结果表明,适量CeO2的加入促进了纳米α-Al2O3的沉积量,使纳米α-Al2O3在镀层中的分布更加均匀,添加过多的CeO2对纳米α-Al2O3分布不利;CeO2添加量为40g/L时,平均显微硬度比未添加CeO2的提高近30%,磨痕宽度减少近40%;CeO2能改善复合镀层的耐磨性能,有效防止镀层片状脱落。     

纳米耐磨和减摩复合镀层的研究

分析了将纳米三氧化二铝(Al2O3)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)颗粒加入常规电刷镀液中制备纳米耐磨和减摩复合镀层的组织、显微硬度、耐磨性和摩擦因数。结果表明：纳米颗粒的加入使复合镀层组织明显细化和致密。随着纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加，复合镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性有明显的提高，纳米PTFE的加入有助于减少复合镀层的摩擦因数。     

电刷镀Ni／MoS2复合镀层的研究

本工作是对用电刷镀的方法获得Ni/MOS_2复合镀层的工艺及其影响镀层的有关因素进行了研究。用扫描电子显微镜能谱仪和X 射线衍射仪对镀层的成分、微观组织结构进行了分析,并对镀层显微硬度的变化规律进行了研究,结果表明,镀液中MoS_2加入量及刷镀工艺参数(电流密度)对镀层中MoS_2的含量和镀层的微观组织结构及显微硬度有明显的影响.     

多层复合镀层工艺与性能的研究

利用改进的电刷镀技术研制具有层状结构的复合镀层，探索了利用多种固体粒子（Cr2O3、SiC、ZrO、Al2O3等）构成多层复合镀层的可能性与工艺上的可行性。此外，还研究了多层复合镀层的组织、结构、显微硬度以及耐磨性等性能。     

Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层制备工艺研究

将La2O3纳米颗粒添加到氨基磺酸镍镀液中采用电沉积方法制备Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层，研究了多种因素对复合镀层中La2O3含量的影响，分析了复合镀层的表面形貌和显微硬度。结果表明：试验条件下最佳工艺为电流密度2A／dm^2、镀液温度50℃、搅拌速度800r／min、镀液中La2O3含量30g／L；与纯镍镀层相比，复合镀层表面平整光滑、组织致密均匀；其显微硬度也高于纯镍镀层，并随着复合镀层中La2O3含量的增加而升高。     

Ni-W-P/PTFE电刷镀多元复合材料工艺及性能研究

用电刷镀技术使基体材料形成一层具有弥散硬质相及自润滑减摩组分的PTFE复合镀层。研究了Ni－W－P／PTFE电刷镀的工艺、刷镀液组成、热处理条件对Ni－W－P／PTFE复合镀层的硬度及磨损率的影响。确定了热处理温度378℃，复合镀层PTFE含量20％－30％时复合镀层的摩擦性能最好；当复合镀层中添加PTFE后能显著降低损率，大大提高镀层的耐磨性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.