聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

研究了无机高分子絮凝剂一聚硅硫酸铝(PSAS)絮凝剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用。以硅藻土低浊水,造纸废水,制革废水为对象,以浊度去除率、色度去除率和cOD去除率为考察指标,比较了不同Si／Al摩尔比,Na2SiO3溶液的浓度、硅酸活化pH值、熟化温度等条件下制备样品对处理效果的影响。获得最佳工艺条件是：Si／Al摩尔比为1：1,Na2SiO3溶液浓度为为5％～15％,硅酸活化pH值为1．0～4．0,熟化温度为30～50℃。实验结果表明,PSAS可以有效地应用于低浊度废水的净化处理,同时对高色度废水也有很好的处理效果。     

共聚法制备聚硅硼酸铝铁絮凝剂及其絮凝性能研究

以硅酸钠为主要原料共聚法合成了絮凝剂聚硅硼酸铝铁,研究了絮凝剂的最佳制备条件及其对CODCr的去除效果。实验结果表明：絮凝剂中Al3＋/Si、Fe3＋/Si和B/Si物质的量比分别为1︰2、1︰1和1︰10时聚硅硼酸铝铁的絮凝效果最好。在最佳制备工艺下制备的絮凝剂的用量为130 mg/L,废水pH为6~8的条件下,对印染废水中CODCr的去除率高于60%。     

矸石基PSFA的制备及其对钻井废水的处理

以煤矸石为原料制备了聚硅铝铁(PSFA)絮凝剂.考察了pH、n(Si)∶n(Al+Fe)对矸石基聚硅铝铁絮凝剂絮凝能力的影响.结果表明:在高温灼烧过程中煤矸石的晶型结构发生了变化,采用向碱提取液中加入酸提取液并加压的方式制得的絮凝剂具有最佳絮凝效果.红外光谱表明所制得的聚硅铝铁絮凝剂中硅、铝、铁均以聚合态存在.当n(S...     

以铝箔酸为原料合成聚硅酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂的性能研究

文章研究铝箔酸、水玻璃以及聚合氯化铝铁等为原料,合成一种新型的高效净水剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC),并考察了铝硅比(Al/Si)、废水pH、絮凝剂投加量等因素对印染废水的浊度以及COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明,在硅酸钠溶液浓度为1.5%条件下Al/Si约4.0～5.0比较合适,PSAFC的稳定时间超过30天;此外,该条件下制备的PSAFC浊度去除率达到94%以上、COD去除率达到65%,并且与聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)相比,本研究制得的PSAFC产品具有更好的水净化性能。     

无机高分子复合絮凝剂PFSS的制备与性能研究

研究了无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁 (PFSS)的制备与絮凝性能。通过对SiO2 的质量分数、铁硅量比、PFSS的 pH值、硅酸活化时间等因素的调整和控制 ,制备出性能优异的絮凝剂。研究结果表明 :w(SiO2 ) =1 4 %～ 2 0 % ,n(Fe)∶n(Si) =(0 8～ 1 0 )∶1 0 ,PFSS的pH =1 5～ 1 8,硅酸活化时间 1～ 18h时 ,可获得絮凝性能优异的无机高分子复合絮凝剂。将制备的絮凝剂用于实际废水样品处理 ,其除浊效果明显优于目前常用的絮凝剂PAC、PFS、FeCl3 、Fe2(SO4) 3 。     

聚铝硅絮凝剂的制备及形态分布研究

采用复合法制备了具有不同碱化度、不同铝硅摩尔比的一系列聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS),并对不同pH值的印染废水进行了处理.用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PASS的形态分布,分析了各因素对PASS形态分布的影响,最终得出了聚铝硅絮凝剂的最佳制备条件.     

模拟煤矸石酸溶液制备聚合硫酸铝铁实验研究

以贵州煤矸石酸浸液中铝铁物质的量比为参考,分析纯FeSO4·7H2O和Al2(SO4)3·18H2 O为原料,制备无机高分子聚合硫酸铝铁絮凝剂(PAFS);研究了铝铁总质量浓度、温度和pH值对PAFS盐基度的影响,得出了n(Al):n(Fe)为2.4时制备PAFS的工艺条件为铝铁反应总质量浓度为320 g/L～820 ...     

新型聚硅铝铁絮凝剂强化处理低温低浊水

以硅酸钠、硫酸、硫酸铝和三氯化铁为原料制备了聚硅铝铁复合絮凝剂，对低温低浊水进行处理研究，并与硫酸铝、PAC进行了对比。结果表明，聚硅铝铁复合絮凝荆对低温低浊水有较好的处理效果，投加量为4mg／L时，出水浊度在0．5NTU以下。     

硅粉对直接合成三乙氧基硅烷的影响研究

研究了直接法合成三乙氧基硅烷所用硅粉对合成的影响，结果表明，处理后的硅粉与处理前相比，比表面积增加了181％，对反应有不良影响的元素铁和铅均大幅下降，铁元素减少94．42％；铅元素含量减少93．05％；温度为210℃，其他条件下相同时，处理后的硅粉比处理前反应选择性提高75％。     

一种三元复合絮凝剂的合成及性能研究

以聚硅酸、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(C-PAM)为原料,制备了复合型无机高分子絮凝剂PCSM。考察了加药量、铝与硅的物质的量比、pH值等因素对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,少量添加C-PAM有助于改善聚合铝硅(PSAC)的稳定性和絮凝效果。与PSAC相比,PCSM有较宽的pH值适用范围,絮体颗粒粗大、密实,沉降速度快,余浊低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。