翼型体广谱声的频域预报方法

本文提出了一种广谱声预报的频域方法，并通过与试验数据的比较证明了方法的有效性，尽管文中以平板翼为例，进行了实例计算，但方法本身适用于任意形体在介质中以亚音速作惯性运动时的广谱声预报。相对于时域方法而言，由于省去了将频域数据转化为时域数据的中间过程，因此该方法较时域方法(Casper and Farassat，2002)更为有效。本文的关键在于具有平均流效果的格林函数的成功应用，由此格林函数所表达的积分算式将在后续文中进一步拓展应用于具有非惯性运动的螺旋桨广谱噪声的预报。     

水下航行体水动力辐射噪声预报方法研究

为评估水下航行体水动力辐射噪声性能,将航行体湿表面划分为若干子单元,运用功率谱的概念和模态平均法,计算子单元受湍流脉动压力激励振动声辐射,根据声能迭加原理建立航行体水动力辐射噪声的计算方法。数值计算表明,水下航行体水动力辐射噪声的预报与国外方法提供结果基本一致。6 m/s以上航速声压谱级最大偏差小于3 dB,所建立的方法可用于水下航行体水动力辐射噪声的预报和评估。     

Numerical and experimental studies of hydraulic noise induced by surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump

The influences of the four different surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump on the acoustic calculating accuracy are studied in this paper, by using the CFD combined with the Lighthill acoustic analogy methods. Firstly, the unsteady flow in the pump is solved based on the large eddy simulation method and the pressure pulsations on the four different surfaces are obtained. The four surfaces include the volute surface, the discharge pipe surface, the inner surface of the pump cavity, and the interfaces between the impeller and the stationary parts as well as the outer surface of the impeller. Then, the software Sysnoise is employed to interpolate the pressure fluctuations onto the corresponding surfaces of the acoustic model. The Fast Fourier Transform with a Hanning window is used to analyze the pressure fluctuations and transform them into the surface dipole sources. The direct boundary element method is applied to calculate the noise radiated from the dipole sources. And the predicted sound pressure level is compared with the experimental data. The results show that the pressure fluctuations on the discharge pipe surface and the outer surface of the impeller have little effect on the acoustic simulation results. The pressure pulsations on the inner surface of the pump cavity play an important role in the internal flow and the acoustic simulation. The acoustic calculating error can be reduced by about 7% through considering the effect of the pump cavity. The sound pressure distributions show that the sound pressure level increases with the growing flow rate, with the largest magnitude at the tongue zone.     

非对称尾部形状水翼水力阻尼识别方法研究

水力阻尼是影响流激振动幅值预测精度的关键参数,是水力机械流激振动领域研究的热点问题。非对称尾部形状水翼在涡激振动和升力的联合作用下,振动响应的平衡位置具有时变特性,采用传统自由振动衰减法获得的水力阻尼比误差大幅度增加,甚至失效。为了克服传统自由振动衰减法应用局限,本文借助双向流固耦合数值模拟方法获得流激振动响应位移,通过带通滤波结合平衡位置校准,研究了动水环境中对称和非对称尾部形状水翼水力阻尼的识别方法。结果表明,数值模拟可较准确获取低阶结构模态和尾部旋涡脱落频率,相比实验结果,低阶弯曲模态频率、低阶扭曲模态频率和15 m/s流速下脱落涡频率最大偏差分别为7.58%、2.90%和1.42%;带通滤波可消除周期性涡激振动对响应信号的影响,水力阻尼比识别偏差度从7.51%下降到1.92%;平衡位置校准方法可采用多项式拟合法、线性插值法和光滑样条曲线法,所对应的水力阻尼比识别偏差度分别为34.93%、3.53%和0.16%。工程上,可优先推荐滤波结合线性插值法,在需要高精度水力阻尼比的场合,则必须采用滤波结合光滑样条曲线法。     

孔板泄洪洞事故闸门动水下门实验研究

在泄洪洞事故闸门动水下门过程中，洞内可能产生巨大的噪音和强烈的振动。为了保证孔板泄洪洞的运行安全，在理论分析的基础上，对孔板泄洪洞事故闸门动水下门过程进行实验研究。试验中，量测了泄洪洞沿程的脉动压力，事故闸门门井进口的风速等，并观测了孔板洞内的流态和分析了中闸室噪音和振动的成因并提出了相应的措施。     

Computation of vortical flow and flow induced noise by large eddy simulation with FW-H acoustic analogy and Powell vortex sound theory

The sound generated by a NACA0012 airfoil in the wake of a rod is numerically simulated by two approaches, one is the large eddy simulation(LES) with the FW-H acoustic analogy and the other is the LES with the Powell vortex sound theory, in order to compare the accuracies of their predictions. The vortical structures around the rod-airfoil are computed by the LES and captured by the vortex identification(Q). The acoustic predictions are verified by the measurements. It is shown that the computed results by the two hybrid approa- ches(LES and FW-H, LES and Powell) are very similar. Both are shown to be satisfactory in the prediction of the noise generated by an unsteady flow. Subsequently, the numerical simulations of the wall pressure fluctuations and the flow-induced noise of a NACA0015 airfoil are made by the two hybrid approaches. At two angles of attack(0 o and 8o), the wall pressure fluctuations of the NACA0015 airfoil are computed. The obtained power spectra of the wall pressure fluctuations are analyzed and compared with the measured data. And the vortical structures around the airfoil at two angles of attack are simulated and analyzed. After that, the flow induced noises of the NACA0015 airfoil at two angles of attack are predicted by the two hybrid approaches(LES and FW-H, LES and Powell). The radiated sound spectra are analyzed and compared with the experimental data. Comparisons show that both are robust, credible and satisfactory in the numerical prediction of the flow induced noise. All numerical simulations are carried out by parallel processing in the Wuxi supercomputing center.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF EMERGENCY GATE SHUTTING FOR ORIFICE TUNNEL

In the process of the emergence gate shutting of one orifice tunnel, a big noise and great vibration may be observed in the mid gate chamber. In order to guarantee the working safety of orifice tunnels, an experimental investiga-tion is carried out in Sichuan University. In the investigation,the fluctuation pressure along the tunnel and the wind velocity in the entry of emergency gate are measured. In the mean time, the fluid state in orifice tunnel is carefully observed and analyzed. The reasons of the noise and vibration in the mid gate chamber are found out and some countermeasures are presented in this paper. The conclusions are useful to the ori-fice tunnels with high water head and huge discharge.     

Determination of frequencies of oscillations of cloud cavitation on a 2-D hydrofoil from high-speed camera observations

A method is presented to determine significant frequencies of oscillations of cavitation structures from high-speed camera recordings of a flow around a 2-D hydrofoil. The top view of the suction side of an NACA 2412 hydrofoil is studied in a transparent test section of a cavitation tunnel for selected cloud cavitation regimes with strong oscillations induced by the leading-edge cavity shedding. The ability of the method to accurately determine the dominant oscillation frequencies is confirmed by pressure measurements. The method can resolve subtle flow characteristics that are not visible to the naked eye. The method can be used for noninvasive experimental studies of oscillations in cavitating flows with adequate visual access when pressure measurements are not available or when such measurements would disturb the flow.     

大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构振动响应分析

某抽水蓄能电站运行后,存在较强的振动和噪声,对设备安全和人员健康造成影响。为了找出 振动的原因,建立了该抽水蓄能电站地下厂房结构三维有限元模型,对厂房整体结构及各层楼板和柱子 局部结构进行了模态分析和共振复核。利用谐响应分析方法,根据实测荷载数据分析了水轮机脉动压 力作用下厂房各部位的振动反应。计算结果表明:脉动压力作用下,楼板和立柱的振动加速度较大,主 要是由于脉动压力幅值较大,振动频率较高,且发生了局部共振。     

多拐通道空气—水珠两相分离研究

本文采用随机取样分离流模型(SSF)模拟多拐通道内空气-水珠两相流动,计算中采用“固化”无流动部分的方法建立实际流动区域,并对压力边界条件作了特殊处理。实验研究,则使用U形管测量通道进、出口压差,即压力损失;用激光全息摄影方法测量进、出口的水珠粒场,得到了水珠各尺寸组颗粒分离效率及总分离效率。实验结果与理论计算值符合良好。     

The effect of a curved bed on the discharge equation in a spillway with a breast wall

The flow through a breast wall spillway is greatly affected by the centripetal force due to a downstream curved profile. Therefore, the mean vertical pressure distribution at the outlet section is not consistent with the hydrostatic pressure law. This distribution in turn affects the discharge capacity of the breast wall spillway. This paper experimentally studies the effect of a convex downstream profile on the mean pressure variation and the discharge of a breast wall spillway without gates. It is indicated that the effect of the curvilinear streamline on the mean vertical pressure variation is significant. The regression analysis method is used to determine the water head effect Z o of the orifice opening through the mean pressure variation. A discharge prediction formula of the breast wall spillway is obtained under the limited conditions of a laboratory flume. The predicted discharge is compared to the measured discharge. A good agreement is evidenced for the free orifice flow with errors within ?5%, while a big error(20% or even more) is obtained if the hydrostatic pressure law is used for the determination of Zo.     

水力自动滚筒闸门振动特性的数值模拟及试验研究

水力自动滚筒闸门在泥沙淤积的情况下开启自如,可有效利用洪水资源。为将这一构想应用于实践工程,本文在模型试验和理论分析的基础上,结合数值模拟,研究了水力自动滚筒闸门在动水压力作用下的振动特性分布规律。对试验中不同种类运行工况下圆筒闸体振动加速度、振动频率、振动位移等振动特性进行研究与分析。利用ANSYS力学分析软件对横置圆筒闸体进行三维建模。考虑振动等动力学特性,采用双向耦合分析以解决振动与大变形问题,采用有限单元法对瞬态控制方程进行离散。比较振动位移的模拟计算结果与试验所测定结果,其变化趋势基本吻合,均当圆筒顶部在水面线附近时简体的振动位移达到最大。筒体在动水压力作用下的最大位移主要发生在沿水流方向的筒顶位置,需要在运行中加以注意。上述结论对于研究、设计直至具体制造应用这一新型自控闸门提供了重要的理论与试验依据。     

我国闸坝类泄流结构脉动压力谱密度特征研究综述

随着高水头、大流量泄流结构的兴建,高速泄洪水流产生的脉动荷载对泄流结构的安全影响巨大,特别是高速泄流诱发泄流结构振动问题尤为突出。在前人研究的基础上对我国闸坝等泄流结构上的脉动荷载谱密度特征进行了分析总结,总体上,脉动压力荷载的谱密度基本类型主要分为4种,其与水流的流态和泄流结构型式存在对应关系,闸坝泄流结构的脉动压力谱密度均属于4种基本类型中的一种或某几种的组合。从分析总结作用于导墙、闸门、闸墩上的脉动压力谱密度来看,其均属于窄带噪声谱。文章可供类似泄洪建筑物脉动压力研究参考。     

飞来峡水利枢纽溢流坝结构动力设计

飞来峡水利枢纽溢流坝运行工况复杂，存在不利的水流现象，对闸墩和闸室结构产生振动作用，必须进行结构动力设计。设计通过对结构流激振动研究成果进行分析，采用水工模型和水弹性模型的实测数据作为设计参考的参数，并与有限元分析的结果互相印证。采取在闸墩尾部增设人行工作桥的减振措施，使闸墩振幅和闸墩动应力大为减少，结构设计更加合理可靠。     

水电站主厂房附属机电设备隔振有限元分析

结合某坝后式水电站厂房实际工程,采用有限单元法,在流道脉动压力作用下弹簧阻尼隔振体系对水电站厂房内调速器设备的隔振效果进行了分析研究。结果表明：在15 Hz 脉动压力作用下厂房出现整体竖向振动,发电机层楼板振幅急剧增大,对布置在其上的机电设备有很强的冲击作用;当隔振体系自振频率为4．5 Hz ～5．0 Hz 时,隔振体系对低频脉动压力引起的振动有轻微的放大作用,对中高频脉动压力引起的振动有显著的隔振效果;隔振体系阻尼能有效减小共振区脉动压力引起的振动,对振动控制有利。     

Reverse motion characteristics of water-vapor mixture in supercavitating flow around a hydrofoil

The supercavitation has attracted a growing interest because of its potential for high-speed vehicle maneuvering and drag reduction. To better understand the reverse flow characteristics of a water-vapor mixture in supercavitating flows around a hydrofoil, a numerical simulation is conducted using a unified supercavitation model, which combines a modified RNG k-? turbulence model and a cavitation one. By comparing the related experimental results, the reverse motion of the water-vapor mixture is found in the cavitation area in all supercavitation stages. The inverse pressure gradient leads to reverse pressure fluctuations in the cavity, followed by the reverse motion of the water-vapor two-phase interface. Compared with the water-vapor mixture area at the back of the cavity, the pressure in the vapor area is inversely and slowly reduced,a higher-pressure gradient occurs near the cavity boundary.     

二维兴波水翼水动力预报的涡分布法

本文用奇点面分布法预报二维自由面边界下水翼的水动力特性。采用线性化的自由面边界条件。水翼表面划分为若干单元，每个单元上布置线性分布的涡，并在其中点满足Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ型物面边界条件。与试验结果比较表明，计算结果是合理的，本计算方法能显示二维兴波水翼水动力特性与Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数，相对浸深和攻角的关系。     

临界区雷诺数下翼型流场电磁力控制的脱体涡模拟

利用Maxwell方程直接数值计算表面包覆电极与磁极翼型产生的三维Lorentz力分布,将其加入到流体控制方程的动量方程中,采用脱体涡模拟方法对临界区雷诺数下受Lorentz力作用下翼型绕流场进行数值模拟,研究分析了电磁力作用系数和攻角对翼型绕流场结构及其升阻力系数的影响机理和规律。结果表明,Lorentz力可以有效地改善翼型周围的流场结构,达到减阻、增升、消涡以及延缓和抑制其失速的目的,因此是翼型的一种有效流动控制手段。     

小浪底工程1号孔板泄洪洞水流空化原型试验研究

在库水位为210.18～210.28 m之间时,对小浪底水利枢纽工程1号孔板泄洪洞泄洪情况下多级孔板水流空化特性进行了原型试验。对弧形工作闸门在连续开启过程中各级孔板水流噪声的频谱分析发现,闸门孔口相对开度e/a为0.9时,第二级和第三级孔板处水流噪声声压级突然增加10 dB以上,表明开始出现空化水流,相应三级孔板的水流空化数分别为5.85、5.65和5.03,该结果与考虑缩尺影响修正后的模型试验研究结果基本一致。     

CAVITATION BEHAVIOR OF A NACA16-012 HYDROFOIL

Numerical and experimental study is carried to investigate the cavitation behav-ior in the turbulent flow around a NACA16-012 hydrofoil.The Navier-Stokes Equations forcompressible fluid are adopted to simulate the overall motion and dynamical characteristics of thecavity flow,while the bubble dynamics is used to calculate the motion and growth of nuclei in-side the cavity.Cavitation experiment for the hydrofoil is carried out in a water tunnel of CSS-RC,the phenomenon in the experiment is recorded and analyzed with high speed photographictechnique.