衬底温度对溅射法生长Cu-Al-O薄膜性能的影响

使用多晶CuAlO2陶瓷靶，利用射频磁控溅射法沉积Cu-Al-O薄膜。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示薄膜中存在与CuAlO2相关的Cu-O,Al-O和O-Cu-O键。在可见光范围内Cu-Al-O薄膜具有较好的透过性，衬底温度为400℃～500℃时薄膜透过率在60％-70％之间，计算拟合得到Cu-Al-O薄膜的直接和间接带隙能分别为3．52eV和1．83eV左右，与多晶CuAlO2薄膜结果一致。在近室温区薄膜符合半导体热激活导电机制，其电导率随衬底温度的升高先增大后减小，500℃沉积的薄膜导电性较好，室温电导率达到2．36×10^-3S·cm^-1，这可能源于Cu-Al-O薄膜中与CuAlO2相关的键合形成情况的改善。     

衬底温度对溅射法生长Cu-Al-O薄膜性能的影响

使用多晶CuAlO2陶瓷靶,利用射频磁控溅射法沉积Cu-Al-O薄膜.傅立叶变换红外光谱显示薄膜中存在与CuAlO2相关的Cu-O,Al-O和O-Cu-O键.在可见光范围内Cu-Al-O薄膜具有较好的透过性,衬底温度为400℃～500℃时薄膜透过率在60%～70%之间,计算拟合得到Cu-Al-O薄膜的直接和间接带隙能分别为3.52 eV和1.83 eV左右,与多晶CuAlO2薄膜结果一致.在近室温区薄膜符合半导体热激活导电机制,其电导率随衬底温度的升高先增大后减小,500℃沉积的薄膜导电性较好,室温电导率达到2.36×10-3 S·cm-1,这可能源于Cu-Al-O薄膜中与CuAlO2相关的键合形成情况的改善.     

新型LaAlO3基混合导体的制备和导电性能

以高温固相反应法制备了混合导电性陶瓷La0.8Sr0.2A10.97Zn0.03O3-δ(LSAZ),并使用XRD、SEM和交流复阻抗技术对样品的物相、微观形貌、电导性能进行了表征.粉末XRD结果表明,LSAZ陶瓷为单一的六方钙钛矿型结构.采用氧浓差电池测定了LSAZ在700～900 ℃范围内的离子迁移数,研究了其氧离子导电特性.结果表明,LSAZ在空气气氛中是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数在0.6左右,并随温度的升高而逐渐增大.在850℃时,LSAZ的总电导率达到1.0×10-2 S/cm,氧离子电导率为6.4×10-3 S/cm,氧离子电导活化能为0.96 eV.     

CuCr_(1-x)Mg_xO_2(0≤x≤0.09)薄膜的光电性能

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在石英衬底上制备Mg掺杂的CuCrO2薄膜。通过XRD、紫外吸收光谱及电学性能的测量表征该系列薄膜样品的结构与光电性能。结果表明:退火处理后所有薄膜样品的结晶性良好,均为3R型铜铁矿结构;薄膜的电导率随掺杂量的增加而增大。当x=0.09时,样品的室温电导率可达6.16×10-2S/cm,比未掺杂的CuCrO2提高近400倍,且霍耳测试表明所制备的薄膜为p型导电体。电导率随温度变化关系表明:薄膜样品在200～300K的温度范围内均很好地符合Arrhenius热激活规律;当x=0.09时,最低激活能仅为0.034eV。薄膜的可见光透过率与光学带隙宽度均随掺杂量的增加而减小。     

配合物燃烧法合成钙钛矿型化合物Gd1-xCaxCrO3(0.1≤x≤0.4)及其电学性能

以配合物燃烧法合成了Ca2+取代的铬酸钆Gd1-xCaxCrO3,在0.1≤x≤0.3时获得纯钙钛矿相,其晶胞体积随Ca含量增加而减小,x≥0.4时,出现第二相.粉体粒径为20nm～50nm,具有高的烧结活性,1400℃烧结4h,其相对密度达到94.8%.在Ca掺杂量小于0.3时(x=0.1,0.2,0.3),相对密度和电导率皆随Ca含量增加而增大,与常用的铬酸镧相比,Gd0.7Ca0.3CrO3电导率高,在700℃可达24 Scn-1(相对密度94%),能适于用做中温固体氧化物燃料电池的连接材料.     

新型混合导电陶瓷Sm_(1-x)Sr_xAl_(1-y)Fe_yO_(3-δ)的制备及电性能

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备Sm1-xSrxAl1-yFeyO3-δ(SSAF,x=0.10~0.20,y=0.10~0.70)系列新型混合导电陶瓷。利用TG—DTA、XRD、FTIR、Archimedes法和直流四线法分别对凝胶前驱体的热分解及相转化过程、烧结体的相结构、相对密度和电导率进行表征,研究烧结温度及Sr和Fe掺杂量对样品的结构、电性能及输运机制的影响。结果表明:凝胶前驱体在900℃焙烧5h可以形成结晶良好的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体;随着烧结温度的升高,Sm0.9Sr0.1Al0.5Fe0.5O3-δ(SSAF9155)陶瓷的电导率和相对密度都先增大后减小,1450℃烧结5h制得的SSAF9155陶瓷具有最高的电导率和相对密度;SSAF陶瓷的电导率主要取决于p型电导,且随Sr和Fe掺杂量的增加而增大,在中低温段电导率随着温度的升高而增大,遵从Arrhenius关系,导电行为符合p型小极化子跳跃导电机制;样品的表观活化能随着Fe掺杂量的增加而减小,随着Sr掺杂量的增加而增大。     

p型宽带隙半导体CuAl_(1-x)Fe_xO_2的光电性能研究

采用固相反应合成了CuAl1-xFeO2单相多晶材料,系统报道了该系列样品的X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外吸收光谱以及电学性能的测量.结果表明,Fe3+取代CuAlO2中的Al3+,不改变材料的晶体结构.随着掺杂量的增加,材料的光学带隙宽度逐渐减小,导电性能明显提高.当x=0.10时,样品的室温电导率达到3.38×10-1 S·cm-1;所有掺杂样品的电导率随温度变化曲线在近室温区,很好地符合Arrhenius关系,其热激活能为20～32 meV;Hall系数均为正值,表明所有样品都为P型半导体.     

热电氧化物SmBaCuFe_(1-x)Co_xO_(5+δ)的制备与电学性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法和固相烧结法制备了单相钙钛矿型Sm Ba Cu Fe1-xCoxO5+δ(x=0,0.3,0.5,0.7)陶瓷。样品的致密度较高,均在90%以上。在303~1023 K的温度范围内测试了其电导率和Seebeck系数。样品的电导率随着x值的增大而明显增加,在1023 K时电导率从0.75 S/cm提高到了41.24 S/cm。拟合电阻率与温度的关系,得到的激活能值随着x值的增大加而明显降低,从0.38 e V降低到0.23 e V。综合电导率和Seebeck系数,确定了Fe位替换Co的最佳浓度在x=0.3附近,Sm Ba Cu Fe0.7Co0.3O5+δ样品的功率因子随着温度升高而增加,在1023 K时最高可达0.241μW·cm-1·K-2。     

富钛BaO-TiO2（Ti／Ba=4-4．5）系微波介质陶瓷

采用固相反应法制备了富钛BaTi4＋xO9＋2x（x=0．0-0．50）微波介质陶瓷，探讨了TiO2含量以及烧结温度对物相组成和介电性能的影响。在1300～1350℃烧结BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷即可达到约98％的相对密度。当x≤0．28时，BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷为BaTi4O9单相。随TiO2含量的增加，BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷从BaTi4O9单相逐渐转变成以BaTi4O9为主相，同时出现TiO2和Ba2Ti9O20相，并且随烧结温度提高，TiO2含量较多的试样中出现更多的Ba2Ti9O20相。随TiO2含量的增加介电常数逐渐增大，而Qf值呈下降趋势。Qf值从x=0．0时的约40000GHz逐渐降低至x=0．50时的15000GHz。     

LaNi5-xFex（=1～1.8）合金相结构及电化学性能

研究了LaNi5-xFex（x=1.0,1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8）合金中Fe部分代替Ni对LaNi5型电极合金相结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：当x=1.0时,合金由LaNi5和La2Ni7相组成;当x=1.2时,开始出现（Fe,Ni）相;当x=1.6时,还开始出现La2Ni3相。随x增大LaNi5相逐渐减少、La2Ni7和（Fe,Ni）相逐渐增多。随Fe含量的增大,电极合金放电容量减小,扩散系数减小,交换电流密度呈先减小后增大的趋势,当x=1.4时,电极合金的交换电流密度达到最小值。Fe含量对合金电极高倍率放电性能HRD值的影响与对合金电极交换电流密度的影响趋势一致,这表明电极合金表面的电化学反应对合金的动力学性能影响更大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.