热爆合成TiC/Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合材料的研究

采用热爆合成技术制备TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,通过DSC,XRD,SEM等分析手段对Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆反应过程及复合材料进行了研究。结果表明:Ni,Al在反应生成Ni3Al的同时引发了Ti和C之间生成TiC的反应,形成了纯净的TiC/Ni3Al复合产物,Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系的反应温度与TiC含量无关。热爆产物的微观组织形貌跟体系成分及热爆温度有关,TiC含量愈高,TiC颗粒粒度愈大,热爆产物中微观孔隙愈少;TiC颗粒的粒度随热爆温度的升高而增大,形状从近球形发育成多边形。热爆产物的致密度随着TiC含量增加及热爆温度的升高均表现出先增加后减小的变化趋势。当TiC含量为35%左右,热爆温度为750℃左右时,产物致密度最高。不同成分复合材料的显微硬度不同,TiC含量增加,复合材料显微硬度显著提高。     

Al2O3/AlTiC/ZrO2/透辉石陶瓷材料的力学性能及微观结构

将金属Al、Al3Ti和TiC以AlTiC中间合金的形式以及ZrO2颗粒共同引入Al2O3基体材料中,热压制备了Al2O3/TiC/ZrO2/AlN复合材料.在此基础上,添加(体积分数)1%透辉石作为烧结助剂,以实现复合材料的液相烧结并促进其致密化程度.复合材料在烧结过程中有新相AlN生成;同时Al、TiC以及Al3Ti释放的Ti原子发生原子重组生成Al2Ti4C.对热压后材料的硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析;探讨了透辉石对材料致密化程度及力学性能的影响效果;研究了复合材料断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响;并对AlTiC中间合金的细化特性进行了分析.     

熔铸-原位反应喷射沉积成形TiC/Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料微观组织和力学性能

利用熔铸-原位反应喷射沉积成形技术制备了TiC/Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料,测试了复合材料的拉伸性能,讨论了提高熔铸-原位反应TiC/Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al复合材料拉伸强度的途径.     

TiCP颗粒增强高铬铸铁复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

采用粉末冶金法（powder metallurgy,PM）和超固相线液相烧结技术（super solid phase line liquid phase sintering,SLPS）制备出TiC颗粒增强（TiC_P）+含质量分数20%Cr的烧结高铬铸铁（high chromium cast iron,HCCI）复合材料。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）和X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffraction,XRD）研究了TiC颗粒增强相含量（质量分数）对TiC_P/HCCI复合材料物相组成、显微组织和力学性能的影响,并开展了后续热处理研究。结果表明:超固相线液相烧结技术制备出的TiC_P/HCCI复合材料相对密度均达97%以上,其物相组成为马氏体、奥氏体、M₇C₃碳化物和TiC。TiC颗粒主要沿着高铬铸铁中金属基体/碳化物界面分布,随着TiC含量增加,复合材料的硬度显著增加,达到HRC 67.2,但冲击韧性却逐步降低,合金断裂机制也由准解理性断裂向沿晶完全解理性断裂转变。经淬火处理后,该类TiC_P/HCCI复合材料的硬度可进一步提升至HRC 69.3,有望成为硬度介于高铬铸铁和硬质合金之间的优秀耐磨材料。     

原位反应合成致密Al2O3p-TiCp/Al复合材料

采用高能球磨细化晶粒、原位反应合成及热压技术制备了致密的Al2 O3 p TiCp/Al复合材料 ,并用XRD、SEM、以及EDAX等手段分析了复合材料的相组成、显微组织。结果表明 :Al TiO2 C三元体系在热压反应烧结后 ,可制得致密度较高的Al2 O3p TiCp/Al原位复合材料 ,其显微组织中Al2 O3 和TiC颗粒尺寸为 1μm左右 ,分布均匀。高能球磨有利于增强颗粒细化及弥散分布和反应。     

用XD法制备的TiC／2618复合材料的微观结构分析和耐磨性初探

通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对XD法制备的TiC(6m%)/2618复合材料的显微结构进行了分析,并在此基础上进行了耐磨性探讨.结果表明:XD法制备的TiC(6m%)/2618复合材料中,TiC颗粒细小(约0.65μm<1μm),表面光洁且与基体结合良好.这对提高材料性能尤其是面磨性是极为有利的.     

不同碳源TiC/Ti复合材料的微组织及力学性能

采用原位熔铸法制备了不同TiC添加量以及不同碳源(C粉末、C纳米管和C纤维)的TiC/Ti复合材料,研究了TiC添加量和碳源种类对铸态和锻态TiC/Ti复合材料显微组织的影响,并对不同碳源制备的铸态和锻态复合材料进行了断裂韧性和室温压缩实验。结果发现,TiC/Ti复合材料主要由α-Ti和TiC组成;α片层宽度随着TiC体积分数的增加逐渐下降,TiC呈条状或片状。经过锻造,α片层扭折,TiC呈近等轴状。在引入的碳源中,添加C粉末作为原位反应碳源制备的铸态TiC/Ti复合材料的断裂韧性最高,C纳米管次之,碳纤维最低;室温抗压压缩强度和屈服强度的大小与断裂韧性趋势相反。经过锻造,断裂韧性整体下降;室温抗压强度和屈服强度整体提高。     

金刚石含量与粒度对钛铝氮结合剂/金刚石复合材料组织的影响

采用Ti、Al、TiN、石墨和金刚石粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温烧结制备Ti_2AlN结合剂/金刚石复合材料,研究金刚石颗粒的含量和粒度对该复合材料的物相组成与显微形貌的影响。结果表明,原料粉末发生自蔓延反应,生成Ti_2AlN基体相,同时亦生成TiN、Al N和Al3Ti相,金刚石表面生成致密的TiC或Ti_2AlC。当金刚石粒度较粗(30/40,80/100目)时,金刚石表面反应程度较差,形成不连续的TiC与Ti_2AlC组织,基体的主相为Ti_2AlN。当金刚石粒度较细(W20)时,金刚石表面C元素与Ti充分反应生成TiC,基体主相变成TiC和TiN,未形成Ti_2AlN。当金刚石粒度为170/200目时,随金刚石含量增加,金刚石与基体元素的反应程度增加,基体中TiC和Al含量随之增加,而Ti_2AlN含量相应减少。     

C/C-SiC-Cu5Si复合材料的显微形貌及形成过程

以全网胎针刺整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法增密制备C/C多孔坯体。采用反应熔体渗透法,将Si粉,Ti粉和Cu粉均匀混合,在1 400~1 700℃下制备C/C-SiC-Cu5Si复合材料。利用X射线衍射分析该复合材料的物相组成,用扫描电镜分析其显微形貌。结果表明:C/C-SiC-Cu5Si复合材料由炭纤维,热解炭,β-SiC,TiC和Cu5Si相组成;生成的TiC相主要分布在热解炭周围,Cu5Si分布在TiC周围,而β-SiC弥散分布在Cu5Si基体中;TiC晶粒的形成是Ti原子向C原子扩散的结果,其长大受Ti原子扩散控制。     

SHS法制备钛基复合材料用的TiC颗粒

研究了由Ti，C，Al元素粉末通过自蔓延高温合成(SHS)工艺制取TiC颗粒过程中体系物相组成的变化情况，以及合成产物的状态。采用燃烧波淬熄法制备了样品，用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微(SEM)技术分析、检测了所得样品的相组成和微结构。结果表明，在Ti—C—Al系的燃烧合成反应中，分别产生Ti—Al，Ti—C和Al—C间的多个反应，生成多种金属间化合物相，但最终产物以TiC和纯Al相为主。反应产物的形态为纯Al相分隔的符合化学计量比的等轴TiC颗粒多孔堆积体，颗粒大小均匀，尺寸多在2μm一8μm之间。     

In Situ Synthesis of Heat Resistant Gradient Composite on Steel Surface

 A heat resistant gradient composite was synthesized in situ on steel with the self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of 3Ni Al Ti C system during casting. The phases, microstructure, and composition of the composite were analyzed by using an X ray diffractometer (XRD), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X ray spectroscope (EDS). The formation mechanism of the composite is also discussed. TiC/Ni3Al/steel gradient composite is achieved by forming the gradient distributions of Fe, Ni, and Al, accompanied with the gradient variation of the microstructure from TiC/Ni3Al, to TiC/Ni3Al/steel, and to steel. The composite is in situ synthesized through whole reaction of 3Ni Al Ti C system in liquid steel and densification procedure, and the liquid steel infiltrates into pores in the SHS product and forces liquid Ni3Al to form self compaction further.     

Formation of TiN/TiC-Fe composites from ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentrate

The production of a ceramic hard material-metal composite directly from a mineral concentrate has great potential application. An homogenizing pretreatment of a mixture of ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and graphite, followed by annealing under an argon ambient, showed the formation of titanium carbide and elemental iron. Annealing of the same powder in nitrogen resulted in the formation of a composite of elemental iron and titanium nitride. The nitride was formed at a lower temperature than the carbide with almost complete conversion after 1 hour at 1000 °C. The rate of carbide formation was controlled by carbon diffusion, whereas the nitridation reaction was controlled by either oxygen or nitrogen diffusion. The TiC was found to form via TiC_0.5, which slowly increased its carbon content until near stoichiometric TiC was formed; stoichiometric TiN formed directly with no intermediate phases. Titanium carbide showed the presence of a second phase with a slightly smaller unit cell size; this was due to interdiffusion between the iron and TiC. The titanium carbide composite was found to be composed of 3 to 4 μm anhedral iron grains dispersed in the titanium-rich matrix. There was no segregation in the iron/titanium nitride composite with apparently submicron distribution.     

Characterization of hot pressed CuAl–TiC composites with different TiC grain sizes

In this study, the CuAl–TiC composite materials were produced using hot pressing process. Effect of TiC grain size (0.2, 4 and 20 μm) on some properties of these materials was investigated experimentally. Production of CuAl–TiC composites was carried out under pressure of 35 MPa, at 700°C, and for a sintering time of 5 minutes. SEM-MAP studies showed that the TiC grains were relatively homogeneously distributed in the CuAl matrix. Microstructure analysis revealed that the composite materials consist of Cu, Al, Cu₉Al₄, CuAl₂ and TiC phases. With the decreasing of TiC grain size, the hardness, transverse rupture strength, relative density and sintered density of composites increased.     

铝合金/纳米碳管/钛复合层激光合金化组织

使用真空镀的方法在铝合金表面形成CNTs／Ti/Al/…多层复合，经激光合金化形成复合涂层。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对复合层的相构成及微观组织进行了分析。结果表明：铝合金表面复合层在激光合金化后存在着TiC颗粒和CNTs，TiC的含量随着激光功率的增加而增加；CNTs仍保留其原有的管状结构，且在复合层中相互缠绕呈网状均匀弥散分布；反应原位合成的TiC颗粒尺寸均匀细小，附着于CNTs上．从而改善了CNTs与基体之间的结合性能。     

C—SjC—TiC—TiB_2复合材料的原位合成及热压烧结

以熟焦、炭纤维、B_4C、SiC、Si、TiO_2和TiC为原料、采用原位合成及热压技术研究了不同TiO_2和TiC含量对多组分碳/陶复合材料的组成、结构和性能的影响。在烧结过程中TiO_2或TiC与B_4C反应原位生成TiB_2,Si和TiO_2分别与C反应生成SiC和TiC,这些陶瓷相的生成对提高碳/陶复合材料的力学性能有显著作用。加入TiO_2比TiC能使碳/陶复合材料在较低的温度下实现致密化烧结,获得了抗弯强度达430 MPa的碳/陶复合材料。     

前驱体碳化粉末反应火焰喷涂制备TiC增强金属复合涂层

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备了Ti-Fe-C和Ti-Ni-C两种体系的反应热喷涂复合粉末,通过氧乙炔火焰喷涂原位合成并沉积了TiC增强Fe基和Ni基复合涂层.利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究了复合粉末、涂层的相组成和组织结构,考察了TiC/Fe、TiC/Ni复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果表明: 复合粉末在喷涂过程中反应充分,可分别生成以Fe和Ni为粘结相的TiC增强涂层;两种涂层都是由TiC颗粒均匀分布的复合强化片层和TiC聚集片层叠加而成,TiC/Fe复合涂层的片层较薄,而TiC/Ni涂层中TiC的聚集片层较少;TiC/Fe涂层的硬度高于TiC/Ni涂层,两者的耐磨性能分别约为Ni60涂层的11倍和6倍.     

稀土铈对钛微合金钢中TiC和Ti（C，N）析出的影响

摘要：采用扫描电镜对不同稀土含量钢中的稀土碳化物复合相进行观察，随着稀土含量的增加，在晶界析出的稀土夹杂物数量不断增加，抑制了在晶界连续析出的TiC，降低了大尺寸TiC，Ti(C,N)的数量。稀土与碳化物主要复合相变化顺序为CeAlO3-TiC→Ce2O2S-TiC/CeS-TiC→CeP-TiC；其中CeAlO3、Ce2O2S和CeS复合相主要为5μm以下的球形、近球形；CeP复合相主要为大于5μm的条状。采用OTS夹杂物统计软件对不同稀土含量的实验钢进行统计，随着稀土含量的上升，2μm以下的TiC、Ti(C,N)数量先上升后下降，在稀土质量分数为130×10-6时达到最佳；10μm以上的大尺寸TiC、Ti(C,N)呈下降趋势。TiC、Ti(C,N)颗粒的平均尺寸在降低。但是当稀土质量分数达到190×10-6时，小尺寸TiC、Ti(C,N)的数量下降；颗粒平均尺寸上升。     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B₄C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性.运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况.结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940~1150℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相.XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加.OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中.实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B₄C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

Fabrication of metal matrix composites of

Fine fibrous titanium carbide (TiC) was processed through the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method and employed to fabricate aluminum matrix composites. Two consol-idation methods were investigated: (1) combustion synthesis of TiC fiber/Al composites directly using titanium powders and carbon fibers ignited simultaneously with varying amounts of the matrix metal powder and (2) combustion synthesis of TiC using titanium powders and carbon fibers followed by consolidation into different amounts of the metal matrix powder, Al,via hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In the former method, when the amount of the Al in the matrix was increased, the maximum temperature obtained by the combustion reaction decreased and the propagation of the synthesis reactions became difficult to maintain. Preheating was required for the mixture of reactants with more than approximately 5 mole pct aluminum matrix powders in order to ignite and maintain the propagation rate. Microstructural analysis of the products from the Al/C/Ti reaction without preheating shows that small amounts of an aluminum carbide phase (AI4C3) are present. In the second method, following separation of the individual fibers in the TiC product, dense composites containing the SHS products were obtained by HIP of a mixture of the TiC fibers and Al powders. No ternary phase was formed during this procedure. Formerly Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, is with Particle Technology, Inc., Hanover, MD 21076. This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Reaction Synthesis of Materials” presented during the TMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 17–21, 1991, under the auspices of the TMS Powder Metallurgy Committee.     

The behavior and effect of rare earth CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> TiC/Al composite

Rare earth CeO₂ was investigated as an additive for in-situ preparation of TiC/Al composites using XD (exothermal dispersion) + casting technology. Experiment results showed that an optimum CeO₂ addition of 0.5 wt pct promotes the generation and refinement of TiC particles, prevents the formation of Al₃Ti, increases the wettability between the TiC ceramic particles and the Al matrix, and improves the mechanical properties of composite. A corresponding thermodynamic model was proposed for the mechanism.