非稳态冲击射流强化传热试验研究

利用一个特殊的质量流量控制装置产生波形和频率可调的周期性变化非稳态射流,进行非稳态射流冲击换热性能的试验研究。研究采用正弦、三角形和矩形三种典型的周期性波形,频率变化范围为1.25～40Hz,其传热性能用传热强化系数(定义为相同流量下非稳态和稳态射流冲击时的努塞尔数之比)来描述。研究表明,在频率较低时非稳态的射流冲击换热效果反而没有稳定射流冲击时好,但当频率超过一阈值时,其强化传热的优势逐渐明显。传热强化的效果还与射流信号的变化规律有关,有阶跃变化的矩形射流强化传热最为有效,在频率为40Hz时传热强化效果可达30%以上,但对于信号变化缓和的正弦波和三角形波而言,即使在较高的频率下,它们对传热的强化作用也是非常有限的。     

斜射流对壁面传热特性影响的仿真分析

冲击射流是一种传热效率极高的方式,采用数值分析方法模拟了单束射流不同倾角条件下的冲击冷却过程,定量讨论了射流流场对壁面传热特性的影响,发现射流流速与滞止区和壁面射流区的传热性能具有强相关性.为此设计了组合式射流冲击冷却模型,仿真验证发现,在多喷嘴协同作用下,组合式射流继承了单束直射流和斜射流的优点,在保证滞止区传热效率...     

纯水射流流场分布及冲击换热数值模拟研究

纯水射流冲击换热过程是自由水射流对固体壁面的冲击,由于水流直接冲击被冷却的表面,喷射距离短且被冲击的表面上的对流边界层薄,从而使冲击区域产生很强的对流换热效果。首先对纯水射流流场分布进行分析,然后基于Fluent软件对不同参数下的射流冲击区域的对流换热过程建立射流冲击换热模型进行有限元仿真,系统地分析了射流水的射流速度、射流角度和喷嘴直径对纯水射流冲击换热过程的影响。结果表明:纯水射流流场一般分为自由射流区、滞止区和壁面射流区;随着射流速度的增大、射流角度的减小和喷嘴直径的增大,对流换热系数的数值增大,对流换热性能增强。     

小波-循环谱密度法在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用(续)

二、实测信号 当滚动轴承内外滚道或滚动体的工作表面存在点蚀、裂纹或剥落等缺陷时,会对周期性旋转的滚动体造成冲击,从而产生一系列周期性脉冲信号。脉冲信号频谱非常宽阔,其中一部分能量由于落在了轴承系统的谐振频带内引起系统共振,共振波形随着冲击作用周期性地产生和衰减,形成典型的调制信号。 对仿真信号的分析发现,当循环频率等于信号的调制源频率时,信号在该频率处有突出的谱峰,即循环谱密度值较大;在载频信号的两侧,出现由调制源频率及其倍频形成的边频带。分析实际信号时,首先利用小波包原理在整个频率轴上将信号分解成若干频     

内射流对离心泵进口流场及压力脉动影响

为探究内射流对离心泵进口流场及压力脉动的影响,本文以一台有内射流循环回路的模型泵为研究对象,采用数值方法对泵全流道进行定常和非定常计算。结果表明:无内射流时泵性能模拟与实验值基本吻合,设计点扬程误差在1%以内;有内射流时泵扬程略有下降,效率最大下降1.8%。内射流流量与射流孔轴向平均速度随流量增加而减小。内射流对泵进口流场影响显著,其存在使得进口段轴向速度、压力、涡量及湍流强度均发生变化。小流量时内射流对进口流场的影响范围更大。距射流孔越远,轴向速度梯度越小。进口段内射流流场呈周期性变化,压力脉动频谱图中存在的低频信号f=9.13 Hz为内射流轴向速度场周期变化频率。     

基于SOPC与DDS技术的函数信号发生器

提出一种利用SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip)技术及DDS技术开发信号发生器的方法,只需用一片FPGA芯片加必要的外围电路就可以实现函数信号发生器的功能.所设计的信号发生器可以输出正弦波、三角波、矩形波3种波形,且矩形波的占空比可调.每种输出波形的频率最小值为1 Hz,最小步进值为1 Hz.     

缩放管强化传热机理分析

应用数值模拟方法对光滑圆管与缩放管内的空气湍流对流传热在相同条件下进行了计算,对缩放管与光滑圆管内的对流传热系数、速度模量分布、径向速度分布、湍流强度的对比表明：缩放管内空气对流传热系数的提高,是近壁区域流体扰动增强产生了较大的流动径向速度与湍流强度的结果。表面传热系数、近壁区径向速度、近壁区湍流强度三者沿流向周期性变化的规律一致。缩放管强化传热的机理分析指出,强化气体传热的粗糙高度应位于流动过渡区。     

数字滤波对瞬态冲击脉冲信号的影响

讨论了冲击脉冲类型的瞬态信号用数字信号方法处理时,数字滤波对处理结果的幅值及波形将产生影响。并对这种影响进行了研讨。经用矩形窗和Hanning窗对半周正弦脉冲信号进行数字滤波可知,采用具有过渡带的窗并提高采样频率可减小滤波后结果的幅值误差和波形失真。还对某型火箭发射时燃气流冲击载荷的测试结果进行了分析。     

双腔室自振脉冲喷嘴空化射流数值模拟

以风琴管喷嘴为基础,串联一个谐振腔形成双腔室自激振荡脉冲喷嘴,利用Fluent对其流场进行数值模拟,分析射流靶距、二级谐振腔腔长比、腔径比的变化对空化射流流场的影响。结果表明：谐振腔尺寸过大或过小均会影响涡环结构的形成,进而影响空化效果。当谐振腔腔长比为0.77、腔径比为2.6时,谐振腔内涡环结构对称性好,轴向含气率高,射流速度较高,该结构利于清洗效率的提高。靶面滞止压力可对空化效果产生影响。当射流靶距较小时,在滞止压力的作用下二级谐振腔无涡环结构产生,轴向含气率较低。当靶距增加到18 mm时滞止压力产生的影响减小,轴向含气率明显提高,因此清洗靶距应至少为18 mm。但靶距的增加会降低射流到达靶面的动能,因此最佳靶距应取18 mm。     

基于LabVIEW和声卡的数据采集同步控制系统

要保证采用脉冲射流进行靶物探测时所采集的声音信号是脉冲射流冲击靶物时的反射声信号,需要实现数据采集触发和脉冲射流通断的同步控制.利用LabVIEW编制控制软件,应用声卡和设计的电磁阀控制电路,实现控制电磁阀开闭产生脉冲射流、反射声信号的采集存储,以及数据采集和脉冲射流喷射动作的准确同步配合.通过试验验证,同步控制信号与脉冲射流喷射之间的延迟时间最高为50 ms,可以满足利用脉冲射流靶物探测时对声音信号同步采集的要求.     

Comparison of friction stir welding heat transfer analysis methods and parametric study on unspecified input variables

A three-dimensional numerical model was constructed to analyze the heat transfer of friction stir welding using Fluent and ANSYS multi-physics. The analysis result was used to calculate welding deformation and residual stress. Before the numerical simulation, several simplifying assumptions were applied to the model. Three different methods of heat transfer analysis were employed, and several assumptions were applied to each heat source model. In this work, several parametric studies were performed for certain unspecified variables. The calculated temperature data were compared with experimental data from relevant studies [19–21]. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three heat transfer analysis methods were compared.     

Heat/mass transfer measurement on concave surface in rotating jet impingement

The objective of this paper is to investigate the heat/mass transfer characteristics on a concave surface for rotating impinging jets. The jet with Reynolds number of 5,000 is applied to the concave surface and the flat surface, respectively. The rotating experiments have been carried out at the rotating speed of 560RPM which is corresponding to Ro number of 0.075. The two jet orientation (front and trailing orientation) are considered. Detailed heat/mass transfer coefficients on the target plate were measured using a naphthalene sublimation method. The result indicates that the rotation leads to change in local heat/mass transfer distributions and the slight increase in the Sh level. The front orientation induces asymmetric Sh distributions, whereas the trailing orientation shows the shifted heat/mass transfer feature due to rotation-induced flow behavior. The crossflow effect on heat/mass transfer is also observed as the streamwise direction increases. Compared to flat surface, the heat/mass transfer on the concave surface is enhanced with increasing the spanwise direction due to the curvature effect, providing the higher averaged Sh value. It is proved that the difference of surface geometry affects somewhat the local and averaged heat/mass transfer regardless of rotation condition. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

Effect of hole shape on the heat transfer in a rectangular duct with perforated blockage walls

Heat transfer coefficients were measured by the improved hue detection based liquid crystal technique in a turbine blade internal cooling passage model with blockage walls. In the experiments, blockages with 9 holes of circular, wide, narrow shapes were used and for the circular shape, the number of hole of 7, 9, and 11 were tested. For all cases, the perforated area was kept same. Results showed that the staggered impingement jets increased heat transfer coefficient, however, pressure drop also increased greatly. Generally, Nusselt number ratio and the thermal performance factor decreased as Reynolds number increased. For all Reynolds numbers tested, the blockage wall with wide holes gave more uniform heat transfer coefficient and higher thermal performance factor. As the number of hole increased from 7 to 11, the distribution of heat transfer coefficient became uniform and the thermal performance factor increased. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

A study on correlation between pressure variations and augmentation of heat transfer in acoustic fields

The present paper investigated the correlation between the acoustic pressure variations and the augmentation of heat transfer in the ultrasonic induced acoustic fields. The augmentation ratios of heat transfer coefficient were experimentally measured and were compared with the profile of the pressure distribution in the acoustic fields predicted by numerical analysis. For numerical analysis, a coupled finite element-boundary element method (coupled FE-BEM) was applied. The results of the present study reveal that the acoustic pressure is higher near two ultrasonic transducers than other points where no ultrasonic transducer was installed. The augmentation trend of heat transfer is similar with the profile of the acoustic pressure distribution. In other words, as the acoustic pressure increases, the higher augmentation ratio of heat transfer is obtained. Numerical and experimental studies clearly show that the acoustic pressure variations are closely related to the augmentation of heat transfer in the acoustic fields.     

铝泡沫填充在内管的套管换热器内的流动和传热特性研究

对空气流经铝泡沫填充方形套管换热器内管的流动和传热进行了试验研究,通过数值模拟对其内部的压力场、速度场和温度场进行了描述,并和传统的套管式换热器进行了比较。结果表明：试验结果与数值模拟结果符合较好。热流量和压降都随孔密度或者流速的增大而增大。填充铝泡沫后强化传热明显,虽然压降也大于空管,但通过对换热器压降和传热性能的综合分析,得出填充铝泡沫后换热器的综合性能比不填充泡沫金属的普通套管换热器更好。     

茹卡乌斯卡斯横掠错排管束实验模型的数值模拟

茹卡乌斯卡斯实验关联式在换热器的设计中有着广泛的应用。针对茹卡乌斯卡斯研究流体横掠错排管束流动与换热特性的实验段为原型,经过适当的简化,建立三维模型,运用大型CFD软件Fluent对该模型内流体的流动与换热特性进行了数值模拟研究。将数值模拟结果与公式计算结果进行对比,误差较小。通过考察特殊管排的局部换热特性,对模型壁面对换热的影响、末排管与中间管排的换热特性差异进行了分析;并将使用茹卡乌斯卡斯公式进行计算的误差与管排数的关系进行分析,在实际的设计计算中有一定的参考意义。     

几何参数对绕管式换热器传热特性影响的数值研究

通过数值模拟的方法对绕管式换热器壳侧传热进行研究,重点研究了管径、径向比、缠绕角度、轴向比、盘绕圈数对传热性能的影响。结果表明:小的管径、小的径向比、大的轴向比对传热是有利的;缠绕角度、每层不同的圈数对传热的影响很小。     

Single phase-change analysis of two different PCMs filled in a heat transfer module

Phase change material(PCM) is tried to secondary heat source in solar heat pump system. A numerical study of the phase change dominant heat transfer is done with a heat transfer module, which consists of a water path(BRINE), heat transfer plates(HTP), and PCM layers of high-temperature one(HPCM, 78–79°C) and low-temperature one(LPCM, 28–29°C). There are five arrangements consisting of BRINE, HTP, HPCM, and LPCM layers in the heat transfer module. The time and heat transfer rate for PCM melting/solidification are compared between arrangements. And the numerical time without convection is compared to the experimental one for melting/solidification. From the numerical analysis, the time for melting/solidification is different to 10 hours, depending on the arrangement.     

Theoretical and numerical analyses of a ceramic monolith heat exchanger

This study assessed the performance of a ceramic monolith heat exchanger, estimating heat transfer and pressure drop by numerical computation and the ε-NTU method. A heat exchanger consists of rectangular ducts for exhaust gas, a ceramic core, and rectangular ducts for air and exhaust gases, as well as air in the cross-flow direction. The numerical computations were performed for the whole domain, including the exhaust gas, ceramic core, and air. In addition, the heat exchanger was examined using a conventional ε-NTU method with several Nusselt number correlations from the literature to characterize the flow in the rectangular duct. The results of these numerical computation analyses demonstrated that the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, as demonstrated using the ε-NTU method with Stephan’s Nusselt number correlation, came closest to the results of computation with a relative error of 2%. The air-side pressure drops indicated by the results of numerical computation were 13–22% higher than those calculated using the head loss equation with the inclusion of a friction factor that was obtained from previous experiments examining heat transfer conditions.     

H形鳍片管传热性能的三维数值模拟计算

建立了H形鳍片管的三维物理模型,对鳍片管传热机理进行分析.利用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS的FLOTRAN模块,建立了热流耦合的有限元模型,对鳍片管的稳态传热过程进行了数值计算,得到了鳍片管内、外流体的温度场分布.在对鳍片高度和鳍片间距进行调整的基础上分析了高度和间距对换热效率的影响,提出了在此边界条件下对鳍片管优化的方案.