雷达低角跟踪

由于多路径效应,雷达对处于低仰角范围内的目标不能稳定跟踪。分析了多路径带来的角误差,并对常用的几种减小多路径效应的方法进行了解析。     

降低多路径效应影响的研究

多路径效应是困扰无线电跟踪系统稳定跟踪低空目标的主要问题之一。在介绍低空目标多路径效应形成原理的基础上,论述了多路径效应对无线电跟踪系统造成的影响,进而从雷达跟踪处理角度出发,对克服多路径效应的技术措施如双波束技术、分集技术、跟踪模式设定、平滑滤波和多站信息融合等进行了研究。利用这些措施可以有效改善跟踪稳定性,并实现提高低空目标测量精度的目的。     

新信号处理技术下低角跟踪误差分析

多路径效应是近程反导武器系统中的跟踪雷达无法避免的问题。文中概述了多路径效应的数学模型和在多路径效应下传统雷达仰角角误差仿真算法，并分析了新信号处理技术下的雷达仰角角误差提取算法并在传统的数学模型基础上建立了新的数学模型。对两种角误差提取办法在理论上进行对比后，用MATLAB举例仿真了两种角误差提取办法对跟踪雷达低角跟踪仰角误差的影响，最后对仿真结果进行了分析比较，完善了雷达低角跟踪算术模型。     

雷达跟踪海上低空目标仰角误差计算方法研究

针对雷达跟踪低空目标受传播环境影响的仰角误差问题, 基于电磁波传播的抛物方程方法, 提出一种能计算多路径和大气折射等造成低仰角误差的新方法.正常大气折射条件下, 与射线方法结果的对比显示了该方法的正确性.利用所提方法, 仿真分析了粗糙海面、大气波导等不同环境条件下的雷达测角误差, 并仿真了采用窄角和偏轴跟踪方式减轻多路径效应后的改善效果.计算过程和仿真结果表明, 所提方法可同时考虑大气波导和多路径等复杂传播环境的综合影响, 以及雷达参数和工作方式等因素的共同影响.     

一种跟踪掠海飞行小目标的雷达光电融合处理方法

传统跟踪雷达在跟踪掠海飞行小目标时,容易形成多路径误差.提出了一种雷达光电融合的处理方法,首先采用雷达进行捕获,通过处理,提供目标距离、初始位置、仰角的初始偏差以及目标预测角等信息,然后光电跟踪设备产生光电目标测偏信息及目标有效信息,最后利用雷达及光电跟踪设备提供的误差数据进行自适应行加权处理,形成角度误差,输入功放控制电路完成对掠海飞行小目标的跟踪.     

数据融合在舰炮系统低角跟踪中的应用

主要探讨在舰炮系统中,将火控雷达与光电系统相结合,采用数据融合技术解决多路经效应对低空目标跟踪的影响问题。分析了多路经效应在雷达低角跟踪中带来的仰角测量误差,导致雷达对低空目标跟踪丢失,而光电系统在低角跟踪中却不存在多路经效应。采用雷达与光电系统多传感器数据融合技术、复合跟踪技术,可极大地提高舰载探测系统对低空目标的发现和跟踪性能。     

低仰角跟踪技术研究及应用

多路径效应是严重影响无线电设备低仰角跟踪性能的重要因素。介绍了造成低仰角跟踪不稳定问题的根源——多路径效应。分析了由于海面(地面)反射的电磁波进入天线造成多路径效应的主要原因。结合工程方面的实践经验,提出了适合遥测遥控设备的基于数据处理方法的跟踪技术、多信息源融合措施等低仰角技术,从某设备低仰角试验结果可以得出,以上几项技术在工程应用上取得了成功。     

雷达低角跟踪性能影响分析

基于相控阵雷达的天线波束形成原理和单脉冲体制测角原理，分析了波瓣分裂对雷达角敏函数曲线的影响以及多路径效应对S波段舰载有源相控阵雷达低空跟踪性能的影响，比较了改善跟踪低仰角目标性能的3种方法如偏轴跟踪和复角技术的现实性和可行性。     

精测雷达低仰角测角误差规律的研究

对精测雷达低仰角测角误差规律进行研究,分析了精测雷达回波测量原理,并计算其天线差波束波瓣能量分布情况;研究雷达直射地物回波及地面遮挡对雷达跟踪目标的影响,并与传统多路径效应模型进行对比,得出传统多路径效应模型对雷达低仰角误差的影响并不是主要的;最后结合精测雷达对地物回波的实测数据得出雷达低仰角测角误差的真实变化规律。     

无线电测量设备的低仰角跟踪研究

在分析多径效应形成原理的基础上,论述了低仰角跟踪时多径效应对跟踪系统的影响。对基于多信息源的目标测量模型建模、数据融合与最优估计算法等解决低仰角跟踪的措施进行了研究。利用这些措施可有效改善无线电测量设备低仰角跟踪稳定性,并提高测量设备跟踪低空目标时的测量精度。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first