Gaseous products generated by radiation degradation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine aqueous solution

In this paper, gaseous products generated by radiation degradation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA)in aqueous solution are studied. The results show that by 10～1000 kGy irradiation of the solution in DEHA volume fraction of hydrogen did not change much with different concentrations of DEHA. The volume fraction of methane and ethane decreased, but that of ethene increased, with increasing DEHA concentration. The volume fraction of hydrogen, methane and ethane increased with the dose. The relationship of the volume fraction of ethene with the dose had something to do with the DEHA concentration.     

Gaseous products of aqueous N,N-dimethyl hydroxylamine degraded by radiation

In this work,the 0.1-0.5 mol·L-1 N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine(DMHA) were irradiated to 5-25 kGy,and gaseous products of mainly hydrogen,methane,ethane and n-butane were measured by gas chromatography.The results show that the volume fraction of hydrogen and methane increases with the concentration of DMHA and dose,and the latter does not change markedly at high doses.     

Analyses of organics in irradiated aqueous N,N-diethylhydroxylamine solution

The organics in γ-ray irradiated aqueous N, N-diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) solution, which is used as a reducing agent in reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, were analyzed with gas chromatography equipped with FFAP capil-lary column and flame-ionization detector. It was found that irradiated DEHA solutions contained acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetic acid. For DEHA of 0.2 mol/L irradiated to 10～1000 kGy, the concents of acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic acid are (9.7～18.7)×10-3, (0.4～23.4)×10-3 and (6.5～11.7)×10-3 mol/L, respectively. The concentration of DEHA decreases obviously with the dose.     

Analyses of organics in irradiated aqueous N, N-diettiyihydroxylamine solution

The organics in γ-ray irradiated aqueous N, N-diethylhydroxylamine （DEHA） solution, which is used as a reducing agent in reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, were analyzed with gas chromatography equipped with FFAP capii- lary colunm and flame-ionization detector. It was found that irradiated DEHA solutions contained acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetic acid. For DEHA of 0.2 mol/L irradiated to 10-1000 kGy, the concents of acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic acid are （9.7-18.7）×10^3, （0.4-23.4）×10^3 and （6.5-11.7）×10^3 mol/L, respectively. The concentration of DEHA decreases obviously with the dose.     

染料水溶液的辐射降解研究

辐射技术处理环境污染物显示了很大的应用前景,燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝、挥发性有机物净化、废污水处理、污泥消毒和处置等正在逐步走向工业应用。本工作进行印染废水辐照处理研究。     

水溶液中环己丁酸的伽玛射线辐射降解研究

采用^60Coγ-射线辐射降解环己丁酸,通过对辐照前后化学需氧量（CODcr）与pH值变化的分析,研究了不同环己丁酸浓度、初始pH值、H202初始浓度和吸收剂量对环己丁酸的辐射降解效果的影响。结果表明：在相同剂量条件下,环己丁酸初始浓度越高,CODcr去除率越低;酸性条件更利于溶液中CODcr的去除;H202与γ-射线辐照之间具有显著的协同效应,H202初始浓度为1mmol·L-1时,其对40mg·L-1环己丁酸的辐射降解的促进效果达到最好。环己丁酸水溶液的CODcr浓度变化服从一级反应动力学方程。     

Enhanced degradation of tetracycline by gas-liquid discharge plasma coupled with g-C3N4/TiO2

Plasma-catalysis is considered as one of the most promising technologies for antibiotic degradation in water.In the plasma-catalytic system,one of the factors affecting the degradation effect is the performance of the photocatalyst,which is usually restricted by the rapid recombination of electrons and holes as well as narrow light absorption range.In this research,a photocatalyst g-C3N4/TiO2 was prepared and coupled with gas-liquid discharge(GLD)to degrade tetracycline(TC).The performance was examined,and the degradation pathways and mechanisms were studied.Results show that a 90％degradation rate is achieved in the GLD with g-C3N4/TiO2 over a 10 min treatment.Increasing the pulse voltage is conducive to increasing the degradation rate,whereas the addition of excessive g-C3N4/TiO2 tends to precipitate agglomerates,resulting in a poor degradation efficiency.The redox properties of the g-C3N4/TiO2 surface promote the generation of oxidizing active species(H2O2,O3)in solution.Radical quenching experiments showed that·OH,hole(h+),play important roles in the TC degradation by the discharge with g-C3N4/TiO2.Two potential degradation pathways were proposed based on the intermediates.The toxicity of tetracycline was reduced by treatment in the system.Furthermore,the g-C3N4/TiO2 composites exhibited excellent recoverability and stability.     

二甲基羟胺水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲电子束进行二甲基羟胺(DMHAN)水溶液的脉冲辐解研究,对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰作了归属,并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为。研究结果表明,·OH与DMHAN反应生成(CH3)2NO·自由基,测得速率常数为(4.5±0.3)×109mol-1·L·s-1;eaq-与DMHAN反应生成(CH3)2N·自由基,测得速率常数为(1.3±0.04)×109mol-1·L·s-1。     

Extraction of uranyl（VI）ion with N,N—dibutyloctadecanamide from nitric acid solution

The extraction of U(VI) with newly synthesized long chain alkyl amide,N,N-dibutyloctadecanamide(DBODA),has been studied.The dependence of the extraction on nitric acid concentration,DBODA concentration and temperature from nitric acid solution has been investigated and the extracted species has also been investigated using FT-IR spectrometry.The related thermodynamic functions were calculated.The separation factor between U(VI) and Th(IV) is higher and there is no third phase formation under the conditions studied.     

氯代有机污染物辐照脱氯的研究进展

本工作对电离辐射引发的典型氯代有机污染物的脱氯降解机理进行了综述,重点回顾了氯酚、多氯联苯、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯辐照脱氯降解的研究现状.氯酚在氧化条件下与羟基自由基(·OH)反应首先形成·OH加成物,然后逐步脱氯;在还原条件下水合电子(e-aq)与氯酚直接发生选择性反应脱氯,生成苯酚和氯离子.多氯联苯在有机溶剂中的辐照降...     

Extraction of lanthanide ions with N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutyl-3-oxadiglycolamide from nitric acid media

Extractability and extraction mechanism of lanthanide ions were investigated by using a new extractant,N,Nn,N′,N′-tetrabutyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide(TBDGA),in toluene from nitric acid media.The effects of HNO_3 and TBDGA concentrations,and temperature,on extraction of lanthanide ions were studied.Stoichiometrics of the main extracted species were HNO_3·TBDGA and M(NO_3)_3-3TBDGA(M = Er,Dy,Tb,Gd,La,Ce,Nd,Sm and Eu).The extracted species for metal ions were established to be ionic complex.In this complex,nitrate anion was not coordinated to the central ion.The extraction pattern increased gradually across the lanthanide ions series,showing enhanced affinity of TBDGA toward heavy lanthanide ions.Thermodynamic parameters were investigated for the exothermic extraction reaction.     

SBS辐射交联对SBS／PA6共混物性能的影响

本文为提高苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（Styrene—Butadiene—Styrene triblock copolymer,SBS）与尼龙6（PA6）共混物的相容性,利用SBS的辐射交联对其进行辐射改性,赋予共混物更好的性能。SBS在常温空气气氛下^60Coγ,射线辐照至一定剂量发生化学交联,在共混物内形成三维网络结构,使两相间产生强制互容作用。对改性前后共混物微观形貌,流变性能,机械性能及吸水性的分析与表征。结果表明,辐射交联改性增容后SBS／PA6聚合物合金的性能得到明显提高。     

医疗保健产品辐照灭菌剂量设定方法的选择策略

随着核技术产业的日益发展,辐照灭菌已经成为了国际上医疗保健产品普遍采用的灭菌方式。但是按照国际标准ISO11137—2：2013的要求对医疗保健产品进行辐照灭菌剂量设定时,选择合适的灭菌剂量设定方法和实验过程仍存在一定的难度。本文将IS011137-2：2013标准中的灭菌剂量设定方法和实验过程按照5个关键性差异因素分成12个子类别,并制作成“灭菌剂量设定方法筛选表”。该筛选表作为一种灭菌剂量设定方法的选择策略,可以协助相关工作人员迅速准确地对一个新的医疗保健产品选择其合适的灭菌剂量设定方法,并制订相应的实验过程。     

Coextraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solutions by N,N-diethyldecanamide and TBP

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Novel electrode structure in a DBD reactor applied to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

Phenol degradation experimental results are presented in a similar wastewater aqueous solution using a non-thermal plasma reactor in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge. The novelty of the work is that one of the electrodes of the reactor has the shape of a hollow screw which shows an enhanced efficiency compared with a traditional smooth structure. The experimentation was carried out with gas mixtures of 90% Ar–10% O_2, 80% Ar–20% O_2 and 0% Ar–100% O_2. After one hour of treatment the removal efficiency was 76%, 92%, and 97%, respectively, assessed with a gas chromatographic mass spectrometry technique. For both reactors used, the ozone concentration was measured. The screw electrode required less energy, for all gas mixtures, than the smooth electrode, to maintain the same ozone concentration. On the other hand, it was also observed that in both electrodes the electrical conductivity of the solution changed slightly from~0.0115 S m~(-1) up to ~0.0430 S m~(-1) after one hour of treatment. The advantages of using the hollow screw electrode structure compared with the smooth electrode were:(1) lower typical power consumption,(2) the generation of a uniform plasma throughout the reactor benefiting the phenol degradation,(3) a relatively lower temperature of the aqueous solution during the process, and(4) the plasma generation length is larger.     

辐射诱发新生儿和成年人T淋巴细胞染色体畸变敏感性的初步比较

探讨了电离辐射诱发T淋巴细胞染色体畸变在新生儿与成年人之间的差异。采用在完全相同条件下用^60Coγ射线一次照射离体的新生儿脐带血和成年人静脉血,新生儿照射0．5、1．0、2．0、3．0、4．0、5．0Gy;成年人照射2．0Gy和3．0Gy,常规法分析染色体畸变率。结果表明,^60Coγ射线照射2．0Gy和3．0Gy诱发新生儿T淋巴细胞染色体着丝粒畸变率相当于成年人的130％左右,无着丝粒畸变率两者几乎相同。^60Coγ射线诱发新生儿T淋巴细胞染色体着丝粒畸变率符合线性2次多项式y=4．8104D^2 5．8314D 0．0034模式,r=0．9982。初步结果表明,新生儿T淋巴细胞对电离辐射的敏感性显著高于成年人。     

硫代苯甲酸存在下辐射引发活性自由基聚合

在二硫代苯甲酸(PhCSSH)存在下,用^60Coγ射线辐射引发苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)聚合,采用核磁共振氢谱(^1HNMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物结构和聚合物的分子量及其分子量分布进行表征。结果表明,在PhCSSH存在下,由辐射引发St、BMA聚合具有活性聚合特征：聚合物具有较窄的分子量分布,分子量随转化率线性增加,聚合物分子链中含有活性端基。并对聚合机理进行了探讨。     

Synthesis and properties of p（NIPA-co-NVP）/clay hydrogels by radiation polymerization

In this study, hydrogels of P（NIPA-co-NVP）/clay were synthesized by γ-ray radiation. Different thermo-sensitive hydrogels were made under different experimental conditions such as dose, monomer ratio, and content of clay. X-ray diffraction shows that the layer distance between Na-clays is changed from 1.6 to 2.7 nm because Na-clay pieces can be intercalated or exfoliated by HTMAB, and that between P（NIPA-co-NVP）/clay pieces is 3.4 nm. The swelling property tests show that the LCST of P（NIPA-co-NVP） is higher than PNIPA. With the increase of NVP content, LCST is higher. As the ratio of NIPA/NVP is 95/5, hydrogel shows the best swelling property and LCST is 37℃. LCST of P（NIPA-co-NVP）/clay hydrogel is not changed, but the strength and swelling properties are better.     

Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals by electron beam irradiation of a Cd-mercaptopropionic acid aqueous solution

We investigated a simple route for synthesizing CdS nanocrystals (NCs) via irradiation of a CdCl₂ + mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) aqueous solution with a 10-MeV electron beam without using any additional sulfur precursors or stabilizers. When the concentration of the MPA was fixed to 2.5 mM, the morphology and optical properties of the NCs were changed by varying the CdCl₂ concentration. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, a 0.4 mM concentration of CdCl₂ (the-MPA rich case) created only spherical quantum dots (QDs) with an average diameter of 6.6 nm. When the concentration of CdCl₂ was increased to 5 mM (the cadmium-rich case), nanorods with an average diameter of 5.3 nm and an average aspect ratio of 8.2 were formed along with QDs with diameter of 4.9 nm. The crystalline structures of the NCs were verified to be hexagonal.     

N,N-二甲基羟胺用于铀钚分离多级反萃实验研究和相应的计算机程序

建立了多级混合澄清槽稳态趋近数学模型 ,并在此基础上编写了计算机模拟程序MIXEX2。进行了N ,N 二甲基羟胺 (DMHAN)作为 1B槽还原反萃剂微型槽实验和MIXEX2计算程序的验证实验。结果表明 :以DMHAN为反萃剂的 1B槽 ,在设定工艺条件下能够有效地实现铀钚分离 ,钚中去铀的分离系数和铀中去钚的分离系数高达 1 0 4 以上 ;程序计算的酸、铀和钚的浓度剖面与实验浓度剖面符合良好 ,表明计算机模拟程序MIXEX2可以很好地预期萃取器的运行结果