GPS和物探测量

概述 GPS是卫星全球定位系统的简称。该系统英文全名为Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging/Global Positioning System,意为导航卫星授时和测距/全球定位系统,一般简称GPS。GPS是美国继子午卫星多普勒定位系统(NNSS)之后,于1973年开始研     

GPS技术及其在油气资源勘探中的应用进展

系统地介绍了GPS(全球定位系统)的发展动向、优势以及在我国的应用情况。作为油气资源勘探的先行,GPS前景广阔。     

1995全球定位卫星星座概况

为GPS用户提供了全球各卫星定位系统的简明信息,对了解全球定位系统分布格局具有参考价值。     

GPS(NR102K)常见故障与解决方法

GPS硬件由主机和副机两部分组成，本文以Sercel公司生产的NR102K型GPS全球定位系统为例，介绍了其主机和副机在野外施工中的常见故障和解决方法，具有一定的实用性。     

GPS给力海外油田运输管理

随着GPS全球定位系统、GIS地理信息技术和GPRS无线通信技术日趋成熟,GPS车辆监控与管理平台逐渐应用于油田生产运输管理。基于GPS全球卫星定位系统、GIS地理信息系统、GPRS通用分组无线通讯服务技术的车辆监控与管理平台在社会各个领域得到了推广和应用。GPS技术实现对车辆的定位与监控,GPRS实现网络对数据的传输,GIS实现车辆     

GPS技术在工程测量中的应用

随着现代化信息技术的迅速发展,全球定位系统(GPS)技术在各个领域中得到了越来越广泛的应用。近年来,在工程测量的实践过程中,通过利用GPS技术,有效提高了测量精度,实现了工程进度的提速。本文主要对GPS技术及其在实际工程测量中的应用进行了分析与探讨,以供参考。     

中国GPS技术应用协会成立

中国全球定位系统(GPS)技术应用协会于日前在北京正式成立。该协会的成立标志着我国GPS应用技术进入了一个新阶段。 石油天然气总公司及所属单位:地球物理勘探局,大庆、胜利、辽河等石油管理局物探公司均加入了该协会。协会由电子工业部部长胡启立担任名誉会长,由人大委员、原电子工业部部长、中国商会会长张挺任会长。物探局局长钟辛生被聘为该协会顾问,副局长王小牧被选为副会长,勘探处高工宋健敏被选为副秘书长。 GPS是美国研制的第二代卫星全球定位系统,以其全天侯服务、定时定位、高精度、高效率、仪器轻便诸多优势为国际上普遍重视。我国GPS技术在各个部门的应用工作都取得了令人瞩目的成绩,许多项目在亚太地区具一定优势,有的项目已居世界先进水平。     

没有SA政策的GPS单点定位的应用

全球定位系统(Global Position System)的应用最初仅限于军队和国防建设，现在已经广泛地应用于导航、定位、大地测量及科学研究等领域，GPS单机定位已是一种常见的应用方式。但是，GPS单机定位精度受到美国政府SA政策的直接影响。从2000年5月1日开始，美国政府取消了SA政策，所以GPS单点定位的精度将会有所提高。文中详细分析了取消SA政策后的GPS单点定位的精度及民用GPS的应用及前景。     

太阳活动对卫星定位精度的影响

对过去18个月的观察,用Navstar全球定位系统(GPS)时,导航和定位的问题在逐渐增加.地震勘探用户和其他一些用差分全球定位系统(DGPS)的用户报告,在持续的一段时间内存在着10-20m的定位误差.在其他时候,L波段的DGPS通信设备不能锁定卫星,收不到校正信号,DGPS系统无法工作.……     

全球定位系统(GPS)管道测量

就《长距离输油输气管道测量规范》2002年修订稿全球定位系统(GPS)管道测量一章，有关专家关心的问题，阐述了编者的基本想法和思路，对《规范》的理解、宣传、贯彻有一定实际意义。     

Prediction of thickening efficiency of olefin copolymers and kinematic viscosities of the blended base oils by determining intrinsic viscosities of the copolymers in cyclohexane

The engine oil contains various performance additives along with polymer-based viscosity index improver, which are made from special types of flexible long chain polymers whose functionality is derived from their thickening efficiency, viscosity-temperature relationship, and shear stability. Olefin copolymers of the type ethylene/propylene copolymer are extensively used as viscosity index improver for engine oil formulations whose performance is a function of their composition, co-monomer sequence distribution and molar mass. Polymer coils interact with base oil and make it increasingly resistant to flow which accounts for substantial changes in viscosity parameters i.e. kinematic viscosities and viscosity index of blended base oils. Intrinsic viscosity of a polymeric solution is an important “dilute solution viscosity” parameter, which is easily measurable using Ubbelohde viscometer.In the present work, intrinsic viscosity of twenty samples of laboratory synthesized olefin copolymer in cyclohexane at 30 °C were correlated with their thickening efficiencies, kinematic viscosities of the olefin copolymer blended base oils at 40 °C and 100 °C. These correlation studies enable prediction of performance of olefin copolymer in blended base oil based on an easily and quickly measurable intrinsic viscosity parameter, leading to faster screening of large number of olefin copolymers for their utility as viscosity index improver in lubricants, in a short span of time with limited resources.     

碳酸二甲酯氨解法合成异佛尔酮二氨基甲酸酯的工艺研究

以异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)与碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为原料,乙醇钠为催化剂,通过氨解法合成出目的产物,利用GC-MS和IR对目的产物进行了分析表征,并考察了合成条件包括原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等对目的产物收率的影响。结果表明,产物分子的离子峰为286.3,结构与异佛尔酮二氨基甲酸酯(IPDC)一致;在催化剂用量(占原料的质量分数)为5%,n(DMC)∶n(IPDA)为6,反应温度为65～70℃,反应时间为7 h的优化条件下,产物IPDC的收率为83%。     

交联聚合物溶液的热氧化及剪切安定性对其封堵性能的影响

 摘要：采用核孔膜过滤和动态光散射(DLS)法,研究了高相对分子质量、低浓度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)与柠檬酸铝(AlCit)反应所形成的交联聚合物溶液(LPS)的热氧化及剪切安定性对其在油藏深部调剖封堵性能的影响及其原因。结果表明,HPAM与AlCit反应所形成的LPS在90℃下热氧化降解24h后,对0.4 m 和1.2 m核孔膜不能形成有效封堵,降低过膜压力也不能改善其封堵性能。LPS经剪切降解后对1.2 m的核孔膜不能形成有效封堵,但对0.4 m的核孔膜能形成有效封堵;降低过膜压力能够增大对1.2 m核孔膜的封堵性能。LPS中交联聚合物线团(LPC)尺寸变小及HPAM与AlCit之间交联点的破坏分别是热氧化和剪切降解造成封堵性能下降的原因。     

Experimental investigation of interfacial tension and oil swelling for asphaltenic crude oil/carbonated water system

The phenomenon of oil swelling at the oil-carbonated water (CW) system could be an important mechanism during the water alternating gas (WAG) injection process. Nevertheless, the study of the main mechanisms during water flooding (WF) is a complex topic that has not been well revealed so far, especially for asphaltenic crude oil (ACO) systems. Hence, the main goal of this experimental work is to determine the influence of carbon dioxide (CO₂) within the water phase in the interfacial tension (IFT) between water and crude oil for an extensive range of pressures between 400 psi and 2000 psi (i.e. 2.76–13.79 MPa), under two temperatures of 313.15 and 323.15 K (i.e. 40 and 50 °C) by axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) method. The experimental results demonstrate that the water/ CW and crude oil IFTs decline with time. The value of dynamic IFT (DIFT) between CW and crude oil decreased about 6 mN/m in comparison with the oil–water DIFT. As a result of the CO₂ solubility, the crude oil droplet swells with increasing pressure. When the temperature rises, the effects of increasing entropy phenomena and decline of liquids density is dominant compared to the solubility of CO₂. Thus, the volume of oil droplet increases with temperature, unexpectedly. In addition, as thetemperature increases the water/CW-Oil IFT is slightly reduced over a wide range of pressure evaluated. Nevertheless, there is a slight increase as the pressure increases for the water–oil system. According to the predicted results, interfacial tension of the CW-oil system declines with increasing pressure until the solubility of CO₂ is reached to a maximum value and then approximately remains changeless.     

主分量分析和独立分量分析方法的比较研究

统计特征方法在信号处理、模式识别等领域的应用越来越广泛，特别是独立分量分析（ICA）在理论研究和实际应用中备受关注。主分量分析（PCA）和独立分量分析总的方法和思路比较相似。在分析PCA和ICA的原理及特点的基础上，分别用PCA和ICA对模型和实际地震数据进行了验证，并比较和分析了两者在信号处理中的特征提取能力。结果表明：在实现信号分离时，PCA分解后的各个分量仍然保持一定的相关性，而ICA分解后的各个分量保持独立。     

用硅钨、磷钨杂多酸催化合成双酚A的动力学

以硅钨和磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,研究了由丙酮和苯酚脱水缩合生成双酚A的反应动力学。结果表明,杂多酸的催化活性不如盐酸的,而且反应机理不同;硅钨杂多酸的催化活性高于磷钨杂多酸。由反应温度在60—80℃范围内的各速率常数及催化剂浓度为0.5—4％范围内各速率常数的测定,求得硅钨、磷钨杂多酸的反应活化能分别为86.9、88.0 kJ/mol;催化反应级数分别为0.97、0.77。     

试论现代企业制度下完善内部审计监督的必要性

阐述了现代企业制度的基本内涵，并从四个方面探讨了现代企业制度下完善内部审计监督的必要性：第一，健全内部审计监督是建立现代企业制度的客观要求；第二，内部审计自身的优势为现代企业制度下完善内部审计监督奠定了基础；第三，我国企业内部审计与国家审计、社会审计的不同特点，决定了现代企业制度下的内部审计工作必须进一步健全；第四，审计法律、法规为现代企业制度下完善内部审计监督提供了可靠保证。     

粒子群算法参数搜索的共反射面元叠加

共反射面元（CRS）叠加借助于菲涅耳带的理念,可以最大限度地提高信噪比。在CRS叠加中,叠加效果取决于波场运动学参数,因此对参数的搜索尤为重要,而一些局部优化算法效果受限于参数初值的选取。本文采用粒子群（PSO）算法实现对二维CRS参数的搜索,在不影响叠加效果的基础上,提高了参数搜索效率,大大缩短了计算时间。模型和实际数据处理结果验证了方法的有效性。     

三波长分光光度法测定La(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅱ)混合溶液中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的浓度

用光度法研究了镧-邻苯二酚紫(PV)-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)以及镉-邻苯二酚紫(PV)-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)的显色反应。并用三波长分光光度法测定Ia(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅱ)混合溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)的浓度。分别测定了三组,其回收率分别为103.13%,101.5%和95.3%。消除干扰的效果较好,结果令人满意。     

Hydrodesulfurization, Hydrodenitrogenation, Hydrodemetallization, and Hydrodeasphaltenization of Maya Crude over NiMo/Al2O3 Modified with Ti and P

The effect of adding Ti (4.5 wt%) and P (∼1.0 wt%) by several routes to a NiMo/ab Al₂O₃ catalyst on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodemetallization (HDM), and hydrodeasphaltenization (HDAs) of heavy Maya crude was investigated. The results show that not all the catalyst functionalities respond equally well to the addition of Ti and P to the catalyst formulation. There is not a single catalyst formulation that can achieve optimum performance in all the catalyst functionalities. For HDS, Ti incorporation increases activity but the route by which P is added afterwards can improve or be detrimental to HDS activity. For HDN, the incorporation of P to the catalyst can lead to significant improvements in catalytic activity and catalyst stability. Ti increases HDM activity but the addition of P to the catalyst is detrimental to this functionality. For the elimination of asphaltenes, the catalyst supported on pure alumina is the best. So for HDAs, no benefit is obtained by the addition of Ti or P to the catalyst. Textural properties are important and HDM and HDAs increase with catalyst average pore diameter. Hydrodemetallization activity increases with the acidity of the catalyst.