离子液体复合膜用于渗透汽化分离乙醇水溶液

将离子液体[bmim]PF6引入制膜过程,制备了PDMS膜以及离子液体支撑液膜和PDMS-IL共混膜.用所制的膜进行渗透汽化实验分离乙醇水溶液,研究料液温度、浓度和真空度等对膜渗透通量和分离因子的影响,并比较了3种膜的分离效果.实验结果表明,在分离乙醇水溶液时,PDMS-IL共混膜的综合分离效果优于普通的PDMS膜,而离子液体支撑液膜分离性能不理想.此外膜渗透通量都随料液温度、浓度的增大而增大,随透过侧压力的增大而减小;分离因子随料液温度、浓度和透过侧压力的增大而减小.     

基于离子液体支撑液膜的苯/环己烷体系分离研究

以往通过萃取精馏法实现苯/环己烷的体系分离,没有考虑膜液的流失问题,损失量及物料循环量均较高,耗能较大.提出基于离子液体支撑液膜的苯/环己烷体系分离方法,使用离子液体"充填型"支撑液膜,进行苯/环己烷的体系分离实验,分析了不同离子液体、不同操作温度、不同孔状结构的聚偏二氟乙烯超滤膜和原料侧苯蒸汽压等对分离性能的影响.结果显示,对聚偏氟乙烯支撑液膜离子液体填充后,渗透通量明显提高,分离因子也成倍增长.实验结果可以有效说明,离子液体支撑液膜的分离过程可以作为苯/环己烷体系分离的高效方法.     

离子液体支撑液膜蒸汽渗透和气体分离的研究进展

综述了离子液体支撑液膜的稳定性,及其对蒸汽渗透分离(如胺、醇、苯、醚和芳烃类等)和对混合气体分离的影响因素;并指出了离子液体支撑液膜目前还存在的问题。     

聚二甲基硅氧烷膜蒸汽渗透分离低浓度乙醇/水溶液的研究

对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜蒸汽渗透分离低浓度乙醇/水溶液的性能进行了研究,考察了料液浓度、膜器温度、循环气体流量、真空度等因素对PDMS膜蒸汽渗透性能的影响.结果表明,渗透通量和渗透侧乙醇浓度随着料液中乙醇浓度的增大而增大,但分离因子有所降低;随着膜器温度的升高,渗透通量增加,渗透侧乙醇浓度下降,影响显著;随着循环气体流量的增大,渗透通量和渗透侧乙醇浓度均有较大幅度的提升,有利于蒸汽渗透过程的进行;随着真空度的增大,渗透通量上升,渗透侧乙醇浓度下降.     

乳胶渗透蒸发膜分离醇水混合物

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯为单体进行乳液聚合,将聚合获得的乳胶直接浇铸制备出乳胶膜．将该膜用于水－乙醇混合物的渗透蒸发分离,优先透水,渗透通量为50一450g／（m2·h）,分离因子为80～260．考察了乳胶膜的选择性及料液浓度对乳胶膜分离性能的影响．研究了塑化效应和耦合效应对组分渗透的影响,发现在乳胶膜中,乙醇的存在有利于水的渗透,而水的存在会阻止乙醇的渗透．     

壳聚糖-三聚磷酸钠聚离子复合膜的研究

以红外光谱表征壳聚糖-三聚磷酸钠聚离子复合膜的结构。研究了膜组成、料液浓度、温度等对乙醇-水溶液的渗透汽化分离性能的影响。实验结果表明,该复合膜对乙醇-水溶液具有很高的渗透汽化脱水的选择分离性能和渗透通量。同时对渗透汽化机理及影响因素进行了初步探讨。     

炭黑填充PDMS复合膜的渗透蒸发性能

通过炭黑填充改性的方法,制备了一种新型聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDM S)优先脱醇渗透蒸发复合分离膜,考察了炭黑含量和料液浓度与分离膜分离性能之间的关系。结果表明,利用该复合膜可以有效分离乙醇/水混合物中的乙醇,在料液浓度为13.73%时,复合膜的选择性与空白膜相当,而渗透通量可由空白膜的70.74 g/m2.h提高到127.32 g/m2.h。     

陶瓷中空纤维担载有机共混渗透汽化脱水膜的制备及表征

在多孔陶瓷中空纤维支撑体表面用浸渍提拉法制备了致密、无缺陷的有机分离层,其中有机分离层是以马来酸酐交联的对水具有分离选择性的壳聚糖(CS)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜、溶胀度分析与渗透汽化性能测试等手段,系统地考察了支撑体孔径和不同CS和PVA共混比例对膜性能的影响.同时研究了进料液水含量和操作温度对乙酸乙酯脱水渗透汽化性能的影响.实验结果表明,该复合膜在乙酸乙酯渗透汽化脱水过程中表现出优异的分离性能,在操作温度50℃,料液水质量分数为3％时,CS共混比(质量分数)为60％的PVA-CS共混复合膜的渗透通量高达1 195 g/(m2·h),对水的分离因子大于10 000.所制备的陶瓷中空纤维担载有机共混渗透汽化脱水膜将具备良好的商业应用前景.     

离子液体支撑液膜用于有机物分离的研究进展

离子液体支撑液膜传质速率高,选择性好,稳定性高,在有机物分离中具有独特的优势.总结了离子液体作为膜液相的优点,介绍了离子液体支撑液膜材料的选择,制备以及在有机物分离中的应用,分析了影响离子液体支撑液膜稳定性的因素,展望了其工业化前景.     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物渗透汽化分离性能研究

将丙烯酸 (AA) -丙烯酰胺 (AM)共聚物与聚乙烯醇 (PVA)共混制得优先透水的渗透汽化膜用于分离 4 0 %～ 95%的乙醇水溶液 ,研究了膜的热处理温度、分离温度、共聚单体摩尔比、制膜液 p H值等因素对膜分离性能的影响。当用 AA∶ AM=1∶ 1(mol)的共聚物与 PVA等质量共混 ,制膜液 p H=7,制得的膜经 16 0℃热处理后用于分离 95%的乙醇水溶液 ,其分离系数和透过速率分别为 PVA膜的 1.3倍和 8倍     

Polyindole-Au nanocomposite produced at the liquid/liquid interface

This letter is a continuation of our previous work on synthesis of polyindole-gold nanocomposite published in this journal. In the present work, we have synthesized the similar hybrid organo-inorganic composite using a novel interfacial polymerization route at water/dichloromethane interface. The hybrid organo-inorganic composite material is based on conducting polymer, polyindole and gold nanoparticles; the redox character of indole (monomer) and chloroauric acid facilitates the polymerization of monomer. Entirely different morphological and structural features are observed compared to our previous results. The contact of monomer and metal salt acid (chloroauric acid) at the interface results in the formation of polyindole-Au nanocomposite (without any need of template or capping agent) of nanorod morphology encapsulating Au nanoparticles. XRD studies shows semi-crystalline nature of the polymer unlike the amorphous polyindole formed using other methods. Tunable photoluminescence spectra show the potential applications of the composite in the field of organic laser and organic optoelectronics.     

Bubble growth constants for liquid hydrogen and liquid helium

Bubble growth constants are calculated for LH₂ and LHe at various pressures and liquid superheats for spherically symmetric growth using Scrivens'solution. The constants are shown to be applicable to bubble growth at a heated wall during boiling of cryogenic liquids.     

Screen channel liquid acquisition device outflow tests in liquid hydrogen

This paper presents experimental design and test results of the recently concluded 1-g inverted vertical outflow testing of two 325 × 2300 full scale liquid acquisition device (LAD) channels in liquid hydrogen (LH₂). One of the channels had a perforated plate and internal cooling from a thermodynamic vent system (TVS) to enhance performance. The LADs were mounted in a tank to simulate 1-g outflow over a wide range of LH₂ temperatures (20.3–24.2 K), pressures (100–350 kPa), and flow rates (0.010–0.055 kg/s). Results indicate that the breakdown point is dominated by liquid temperature, with a second order dependence on mass flow rate through the LAD. The best performance is always achieved in the coldest liquid states for both channels, consistent with bubble point theory. Higher flow rates cause the standard channel to break down relatively earlier than the TVS cooled channel. Both the internal TVS heat exchanger and subcooling the liquid in the propellant tank are shown to significantly improve LAD performance.     

Self-assembled silver nanoprisms monolayers at the liquid/liquid interface

A crown ether derivative (4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 hydrotetrafluoroborate) can mediate the self-assembly of silver nanoprisms at the liquid/liquid interface in the form of a stable hybrid nanocomposite film. The metallic luster of the interfacial film results from the electronic coupling of Ag nanoprisms, suggesting the formation of closely packed nanoprism thin films. The interfacial film of nanoprisms could be transferred to solid substrates as a Langmuir–Blodgett film. The properties of films were studied by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.     

Photorefractive liquid crystals

Photorefractive liquid crystals represent the newest class of photorefractive materials. The low electric fields required for reorienting liquid crystals, combined with their high birefringence, results in the observation of photorefractivity with very low optical intensities and low applied fields. Photoinducing efficient charge transport over macroscopic distances is the primary hurdle for producing the space-charge field required for photorefractivity.     

Photoconducting liquid crystals

Major recent advances: ‘High’ mobility photoconduction in the columnar mesophases of disc-shaped (discotic) liquid crystals in which the charge carriers are holes or electrons was discovered in 1995. Prior to this photoconduction in liquid crystals was attributed to photo-generated ions and associated with ‘low’ mobilities. Over the last 7 years our understanding of the mechanism of carrier generation and transport in these novel, self-assembling systems has progressed to the point where we are able to design and manufacture organic semi-conductors with well-defined electronic and physical properties. Serious commercial devices incorporating conducting liquid crystals are finally on the horizon.