羟基磷灰石的微波烧结

对羟基磷灰石的微波烧结进行了系统研究，确定了制备致密HAP生物陶瓷材料的最佳微波烧结工艺条件．通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了烧结温度和时间对HAP生物陶瓷的物相和显微结构的影响，测试了烧结收缩率和抗折强度．结果表明，微波烧结利于HAP陶瓷坯体的致密化，可以实现低温快速烧结，并提高陶瓷的机械强度；微波烧结对HAP的分解有促进作用，而且随着烧结温度升高和时间延长HAP分解程度增大．1200℃烧结30min的HAP陶瓷样品抗折强度最高，为（95．42±3．45）MPa，其主晶相为HAP和β-TCP．     

羟基磷灰石的微波烧结

对羟基磷灰石的微波烧结进行了系统研究,确定了制备致密HAP生物陶瓷材料的最佳微波烧结工艺条件.通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了烧结温度和时间对HAP生物陶瓷的物相和显微结构的影响,测试了烧结收缩率和抗折强度.结果表明,微波烧结利于HAP陶瓷坯体的致密化,可以实现低温快速烧结,并提高陶瓷的机械强度;微波烧结对HAP的分解有促进作用,而且随着烧结温度升高和时间延长HAP分解程度增大.1 200℃烧结30 min的HAP陶瓷样品抗折强度最高,为(95.42±3.45)MPa,其主晶相为HAP和β-TCP.     

碳化硼陶瓷相对密度与性能的关系

研究了碳化硼陶瓷无压烧结致密化过程中相对密度与力学性能的关系，试验表明，添加碳能显著地促进烧结过程，并提高其烧结制品的相对密度，当含碳质量分数为4.5%，烧结温度为2200℃时，制品的性能达到较高的水平，过高的烧结温度和过多的碳均不利于性能的提高。     

铝、硅对碳化硼陶瓷性能的影响

研究了含有铝、硅的碳化硼陶瓷无压烧结致密化过程和力学性能，添加铝、硅均能促进烧结过程，当铝、硅的质量分数分别为3％和7％时，可达到最大的密度，烧结制品的性能与所添加的铝、硅质量分数关系密切，当添加剂质量分数过高时，会导致性能下降。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> composites

Effects of Al2O3 and Ni as the additives on the sinterability, microstructure and mechanical properties were systematic studied. The experimental results show that only a relative density about 96.2% of hot-pressing TiB2-30%Al2O3 can be attained due to the plate-like TiB2 particle and its random orientation and excessive Al2O3 grain growth. When sintering temperature is higher than 1 700 ℃, TiB2 grain growth can be found, which obvious improves flexural strength of TiB2 matrix but decreases toughness. It seems that mechanical properties of TiB2-Al2O3 composites are mainly depended on relative density besides grain growth. otherwise, they will be determined by relative density and TiB2 matrix strength together. Anyway, Al2O3 addition can weaken the grain boundary and thus improve the toughness of the materials. A flexural strength of 529 MPa, Vickers hardness of 24.8 GPa and indentation toughness of 4.56 MPa·m1/2 can be achieved inTiB2-30vol% Al2O3.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 8YSZ ceramics by liquid-phase sintering with CuO-TiO2 addition

The 8% (mass fraction) yttrium-partially-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) ceramic was fabricated via liquid phase sintering at 1 200–1 400 °C by adding different mass ratios of CuO-16.7%TiO₂ (molar fraction) as sintering aid. Relative density, microstructure, Vickers hardness and bending strength as a function of sintering temperature and additive content were investigated. The experiment results show that liquid phase sintering at low temperature can be realized through adding CuO-16.7% TiO₂ to 8YSZ. The Vickers hardness and bending strength of samples with sintering aid are generally much higher than those of samples without sintering aid for all sintering temperatures, and increase with the increase of sintering temperature. When the addition content of CuO-16.7% TiO₂ is beyond 0.5%, the relative density, Vickers hardness and bending strength decrease with the increase of the mass ratio of sintering aid. Low additions of sintering aid are beneficial to aiding densification; high additions of sintering aid are detrimental to the sintered properties mainly due to greater amounts of pores generated by the volatilization of oxygen with the eutectic reaction between copper oxide and titanium dioxide. It is found that the fine grain size and high relative density are two main reasons of the high bending strength and Vickers hardness of the materials.     

Effect of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and properties of TiC based cermets

The effect of the sintering atmospheres （vacuum, N2, Ar） on the microstructures and properties of the TiC based cermets was studied using XRD, SEM/BSE and energy dispersive spectrometer. Compared with the alloy sintered in vacuum, the carbon content of the specimen sintered in N2 and Ar is lower by 0.5%; and the nitrogen content is higher by 0.3% when sintered in nitrogen. The central part of the ring structure may be carbide with either a high W or Ti content. The ring structures are （Ti, W, Ta, Mo, Co, Ni）C solid solutions with different metallic elements and distributions. The composition of the binder phase is （Co, Ni） solid solution with different Ti, W, Ta, Mo, C contents. The structures are uniform for the cermets sintered in vacuum and the properties are the best. When sintered in Ar or N2, the O2 and N2 in the atmosphere take part in the sintering reaction to break the carbon balance in the cermets to form a shell structure and defects, which results in poor density, microhardness （HV） and transverse rupture strength （TRS）.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of TiC／TiAl Composites

TiC/ TiAl composites with different TiC content were fabricated by rapid heating technique of spark plasma sintering ( SPS ). The effect of TiC purticles on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl matrix was imestigated. The results indicate that grain sizes of TiAl matrix decrease and mechanical properties are improved because of the addition of TiC particles. The composites display a 26.8% increase in bending strength when 10wt% TiC is added and 43.8% improvement in fracture toughness when 5ut% TiC is added compared to values of TiC-free materials. Grain-refinement and dispersion-strengthening were the main strengthening mechanism. The improvement of fracture toughness was due to the deflexion of TiC particles to the crack.     

Sialon陶瓷的无压烧结

以Si_3N_4、Al_2O_3和AlN为原料,Y_2O_3为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结制备Sialon陶瓷．对试样的体积收缩率、抗弯强度、洛氏硬度等力学性能进行测试,扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,在无压烧结条件下,采用埋粉烧结并充N_2保护,烧结温度为1700℃,保温90min可得到Sialon陶瓷,其中成分为54%α-Si_3N_4 32%Al_2O_3 8%AlN 6%Y_2O_3的Sialon陶瓷,其抗弯强度为390．08MPa,硬度为92．5HRA,显微结构为明显的柱状晶．     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic/Metal Gradient Thermal Barrier Coatings

1　IntroductionCeramicthermalbarriercoatings (TBCs)sprayedonmetalsubstrateshavebeenusedtoincreasethetempera turelimitsandtodecreasetheheatrejectionforgastur bineanddieselengines .However,themismatchbetweenceramicsandmetalwillcausethermalstresseswhichmayleadtocrackandspallofthecoatings .Functionalgradi entmaterials (FGMs)areanewconceptionfordesigningtheceramic metalthermalbarriercoatings ,whichhasgradientmicrostructureaswellasgradientmaterialprop ertiesandcangreatlydecreasethethermalstresses[…     

Microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process

W-15Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） of raw powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） process at temperature ranged 1 230-1 300 ℃ for 10 min and under a pressure of 30 MPa. By using high energy milling, particles containing very fine tungsten grains embedded in copper, called composite particles, could be produced. The W grains were homogeneously dispersed in copper phase, which was very important to obtain W-Cu alloy with high mechanical properties, fine and homogeneous microstructure. The microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by SPS processes at different temperature were researched. The results show that W-15Cu alloys consolidated by SPS can reach 99.6 % relative density, and transverse rupture strength （TRS） is 1 400.9 MPa, Rockwell C hardness （HRC） is 45.2, the thermal conductivity is 196 W/m-K at room temperature, the average grain size is less than 2 μm, and W-15Cu alloy with excellent properties, homogeneous and fine microstructure is obtained.     

碳化硅陶瓷的无压烧结技术

比较了无压烧结的几种工艺,并介绍其最新进展.液相烧结导入了液相使晶界结合减弱,在较低的温度下实现烧结,成为近期研究的焦点.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of submicron-grained NiAl-Al2O3 composite prepared by pulse current auxiliary sintering

Dense and submicron-grained NiAl-Al2O3 composite was fabricated by pulse current auxiliary sintering(PCAS).Its microstructure was analyzed by XRD,SEM and TEM,and its mechanical behavior was evaluated through compression test and fracture toughness test.The average grain sizes of NiAl and Al2O3 are about 200 nm and 100 nm respectively.The Al2O3 particles dispersed in NiAl matrix,forming intergranular structure and intragranular structure.During sintering,Al2O3 particles were remarkably spherized due to the unique sintering mechanism of PCAS,which is beneficial to the improvement of toughness.The NiAl-Al2O3 composite exhibits high compressive yield strength,whether at room temperature or elevated temperature.Its room-temperature(23 ℃) and elevated-temperature(1 200 ℃) compressive yield strength are up to 2 050 MPa and 140 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,its fracture toughness is significantly enhanced,which is up to 8.2 MPa?m1/2.It is suggested that the main strengthening-toughening mechanisms are grain refinement strengthening and Al2O3 dispersion strengthening.The fracture of larger NiAl grain is the transgranular cleavage and this is induced by crack tip deflection and grain boundary weakening which are caused by intergranular and intragranular Al2O3 particles,respectively.     

Influence of mechanical alloying time on the properties of Fe_3Al intermetallics prepared by spark plasma sintering

The Fe3Al-based intermetallics were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the influence of milling time on the properties of materials was investigated. The phase identification was investigated by X-ray, and the surface morphology and fractography were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties such as bending strength, strain, and microhardness were tested. The results show that Fe reacts with Al completely to form Fe3Al during short SPS processing time. The relative densities of the sintered samples were nearly 100/. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples can be improved along with the milling time. The representative values are the bend strength of 1327 MPa and the microhardness of 434.     

Microstructure and properties of Si3N4 ceramics obtained from addition of β-phase seeds and celsian

The silicon nitride based ceramics obtained by the addition of β-Si3N4 seeds was fabricated using celsian as the additive and by pressureless sintering. The microstructure of the material was observed and analyzed using XRD, SEM, and TEM and the mechanical response of this array microstructure was characterized for flexural strength and fracture behavior. The result shows that the growth of the larger aspect ratio grains initiate mainly from the seeds through the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism during the process of phase transformation, and the intergranular phase BaAl2Si20s services as good refractory materials. In contrast to conventional processing, a stable bimodal microstructure and complicated component with a lower cost can be achieved using the abovementioned process theoretically and practically.     

原料粉末对碳化硼烧结性能的影响

研究了原料粉末对碳化硼陶瓷常压烧结性能的影响，试验表明增加原料粉末的比表面积和纯度能显著地促进烧结过程，且提高其烧结的质量密度，当比表面积大于16m^2/g时，可使烧结体的相对密度达到98.7%以上，抗弯强度达到456MPa，硬度HV达到为2790。制品的性能接近热压制品的水平。     

接枝聚丙烯对羟基磷灰石填充聚丙烯的增容作用

采用固相接枝法制备了聚丙烯（PP）接枝马来酸酐（MAH）；采用熔融接枝法制备了PP接枝MAH，PP接枝十一烯酸，PP接枝蓖麻油。用化学滴定法和红外光谱对接枝物进行了表征。结果表明，三种单体均能接枝到PP上，并且MAH固相接枝的接枝率高于熔融接枝的接枝率。以上述四种PP接枝物作相容剂，羟基磷灰石、碳酸钙、硅灰石作填料，制备了PP／无机粉体填充复合材料，比较了不同增容剂和不同填料对复合材料性能的影响，结果表明，PP接枝十一烯酸的增容作用最强，而硅灰石填充复合体系力学性能最好。     

Thermoelectrical properties of （FeNi）xCo4-xSb12 prepared by MA-SPS

Bulk skutterudite （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 with x varying from 0.05 to 1.0 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering （MA-SPS）. The phases of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their thermoelectrical properties were tested by electrical constant instrument and laser thermal constant instrument. The experimental results show that bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSb12 have the characteristic of typical semiconductor electricity. The addition of FeNi improves the electrical properties to a large extent; the samples of bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 （x = 0.05-1.0） are n-type semiconducting materials; the increase of FeNi content can decrease the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient and therefore decrease the ZT value; FeNi with a higher content when x 〉 0.5 leads to an evident increase in thermal conductivity and also a decrease in ZT value. In general, for ZT value, the optimal added content of FeNi is 0.25-0.5 and the maximum ZT value is 0.2467 when x = 0.5 at 500℃.     

烧结温度对无铅石墨黄铜组织和性能的影响

选用无毒、自润滑和价廉的石墨取代铅,采用行星式球磨混料并结合不同粉末冶金工艺制备无铅环保石墨黄铜,研究了烧结温度对其质量、密度、组织和性能的影响。结果表明:烧结温度为760℃时石墨黄铜具有良好的组织和性能。在720~760℃温度范围内试样表层微量氧化变黑而增重,密度和硬度均随温度升高而增大;800~880℃温度范围内试样表层脱锌变红而减重,密度和硬度均随温度升高而减小。720~880℃范围内石墨黄铜试样中心部位的基体组织形态变化不明显,但部分石墨的形态随着温度的升高由球状变化为短棒状而后转变为长条状。更多还原