Rapid hardware prototyping on RPM-2

Hardware emulation using FPGAs is an intermediate approach between software simulation and hardware prototyping. The RPM-2 multiprocessor emulator uses this approach to achieve much greater flexibility and observability at less cost than typical hardware prototypes     

High fidelity prototyping of PDMS electrophoresis microchips using laser-printed masters

Microsystem Technologies - Toner-based fabrication technology has appeared as one of the simplest and fastest techniques to produce low-cost microfluidic devices. The instrumental simplicity and...     

Rapid prototyping of computing systems

Pervasive or ubiquitous computing requires the integration of multiple technologies, including software, hardware and human-computer interaction (HCI). To prepare students for this new paradigm in computing, we need multi-disciplinary academic programs and courses. Furthermore, real-world design projects, design processes and team experiences must play a primary role. The course "Rapid Prototyping of Computing Systems" at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) combines all these elements in a single innovative course offered in multiple departments at CMU. Students learn topics in multiple disciplines and complete an industry-driven, team-based project using a well-defined design process. Although the course prepares students for a wide range of computing applications, the topics and projects focus on pervasive computing.     

Rapid controller prototyping with Matlab/Simulink and Linux

This paper presents a Rapid Controller Prototyping System based on Matlab, Simulink and the Real-Time-Workshop toolbox. Executable code is automatically generated for Linux RTAI, a hard real-time extension of the Linux Operating System. The generated code runs as a normal user space hard real-time application on a standard personal computer with the RTAI extension of the Linux Operating System. This environment can be used to quickly implement real-time controllers. Moreover, standard hardware allows the use of rapid prototyping techniques not only during development activities but also during system operation. A didactic and an industrial application are presented which demonstrate the capabilities and the performance of the environment.     

基于医学图像序列面绘制的骨组织快速成型方法

针对人工骨组织快速成型中轮廓线轨迹生成复杂、分层效率低的问题,提出了一种简化三角片模型分层过程的方法。应用移动立方块（MC）算法对医学图像序列进行面绘制重建,根据重建过程的顺序对三角片集合分组,然后采用对边追踪的方法计算切平面与其对应三角片数组的交点轮廓线数据。简化后的分层效率相对于三角网格文件（STL）模型分层平均提高了4.65%。实验结果表明,所提方法可以直接从人体骨组织医学图像序列生成可供3D打印的轮廓线数据,从而实现骨组织的快速成型。     

Rapid prototyping of single-layer microfluidic PDMS devices with abrupt depth variations under non-clean-room conditions by using laser ablation and UV-curable polymer

The growing demand for microfluidic analytical devices calls for fast, cost-effective and high-throughput fabrication methods. Here we report a low-cost rapid prototyping method for single-layer microfluidic PDMS devices with abrupt depth variations under non-clean-room conditions. Channel patterns with different user-designed depths ranging from micrometres to millimetres are engraved on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate in one step based on a laser ablation approach. A UV-curable polymer, Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) 81, is then used to replicate the channel patterns from the PMMA female mould and is finally used as the master for single-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices. This rapid prototyping method can significantly facilitate the fast evaluation of proof of concept in microfluidic researches and small-scale mass production for commercialization applications.     

Rapid prototyping of shrinkable BOPS-based microfluidic devices

Biaxially oriented polystyrene (BOPS) is a commercialized packaging material, which has the advantages of biocompatibility, non-toxic, transparency, light-weight and cost-effective. Due to the stress accumulated from both directions in plane during the fabrication process, when BOPS was reheated above the glass transition temperature, an isotropic shrinkage will occur. This study proposed a low-cost and rapid prototyping method for the fabrication of BOPS-based microfluidics device. Both laser ablation and micro-milling were used for the fabrication of microchannels on the surface of the BOPS sheet, after thermal induced shrinkage, microchannels with finer microstructure could be achieved. For the sealing of fabricated microchannels on BOPS, two approaches were made using a layer of BOPS or a layer of polyester adhesive film. The thermal induced shrinkage and bonding strength were carefully studied in this study. Several microfluidic devices, including a droplet generator and a diffusion mixer were also fabricated for demonstration. The proposed fabrication method for BOPS-based microfluidics is simple, rapid, cost-effective and without the requirement of cleanroom facility, with help of thermal induced shrinkage, finer structure with high resolution could be achieved with conventional lab tools.     

Rapid prototyping of protocols from LOTOS specifications

A new tool for generating implementation prototypes of communication protocols and concurrent systems specified using the ISO LOTOS language is presented in this paper. A brief introduction to LOTOS and a discussion of the main problems related to the efficient execution of specifications written in LOTOS are presented first. The design and implementation of the tool are then considered: LOTOS specifications are analysed and translated into C functions which are executed by co-operating processes in the Unix environment. The set of LOTOS process definitions is first translated into a suitable number of extended finite-state machines (EFSMs). The method proposed allows the problem of deriving unbounded EFSMs to be circumvented and a sort of control on the process number/size trade-off to be obtained at the same time. The problem of implementing the LOTOS multi-way rendezvous mechanism for process synchronization is solved by using an algorithm based on message-passing techniques. An example of prototype derivation is also described, showing the form of C code generated by translating a simple specification. Finally, some performance figures are presented.     

基于分层策略的Java原型开发法

文章了Java原型开发法，一种新的互联网平台开发方法。阐述了该方法中的关键技术－－分层策略。使用基于分层策略的Java原型开发法可增加原型的重用能力，缩短了互联网应用系统的开发周期，提高了软件的生产效率。     

Linux/RTAI环境下Scicos测试系统的建模与实现

一种基于Linux系统双内核实时方案——RTAI和以图形化仿真工具包Scilab/Scicos为目标设备建立实时测控模型的技术方法。该方法具有很强的描述能力和可扩展性,图形模块与实际物理环境具有一致性,并可对各种仿真资源进行统一管理。     

Rapid prototyping of an ATM programmable associative operator

In this paper, we describe a semi-automatic method for designing a programmable architecture related to high speed communication protocols. A case study of associative based architecture of high speed communication system is presented with a validation environment. The environment provides an interesting estimation using XILINX prototyping board including memories (content addressable memory, CAM, RAM, DPRAM). In our approach, we try to perform a rapid prototyping of such architecture and allow the designer to interact easily in order to customize the architecture according to application requirements. This method of validation provides important benefits in hardware prototyping: better validation environment and reduced time to give a real estimation for a large variety of applications.     

基于Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料的甲醛电化学传感器

采用电沉积的方法制备了Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料,考察了该复合材料的电化学性能,用于甲醛的检测,表现出良好的检测性能.实验结果表明:在0. 1 mol/L的H2 SO4 溶液中,Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料修饰电极可以实现在2 ×10 -6 ~2 ×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内甲醛浓度的检测,最低检测限为1 ×10-6 mol/L,并且具有高的灵敏度和良好的重现性.     

A novel bienzyme glucose biosensor based on three-layer Au-Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite

The magnetic core-shell Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite was prepared by layer-by-layer assembly technique and was used to fabricate a novel bienzyme glucose biosensor. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were simply mixed with Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite and cross-linked on the ITO magnetism-electrode with nafion (Nf) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The modified electrode was designated as Nf-GOD-HRP/Au-Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/ITO. The effects of some experimental variables such as the pH of supporting electrolyte, enzyme loading, the concentration of the mediator methylene blue (MB) and the applied potential were investigated. The electrochemical behavior of the biosensor was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. Under the optimized conditions, the biosensor showed a wide dynamic range for the detection of glucose with linear ranges of 0.05-1.0 mM and 1.0-8.0 mM, and the detection limit was estimated as 0.01 mM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The biosensor exhibited a rapid response, good stability and anti-interference ability. Furthermore, the biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in human serum samples, showing acceptable accuracy with the clinical method.     

Rapid fabrication of nanoparticles array on polycarbonate membrane based on positive dielectrophoresis

We report here a rapid formation of island arrays with nanoparticles on and within polycarbonate (PC) membrane based on positive dielectrophoresis (p-DEP). For the fabrication of the patterning device, PC membranes with 10 μm thickness and 100, 200 or 400 nm pore size were sandwiched by an upper bare ITO substrate and a lower disk array ITO electrode which was defined by insulation layer of negative photoresist. A suspension of 190 nm diameter polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles containing rhodamine 6G (R6G) fluorescent molecules was introduced into the device between the upper ITO and the PC membrane. AC electric signal (typically 20 Vpp, 70 kHz) was then applied to the ITO, resulting in the formation of island patterns with high electric fields gradient regions on and in the PC membrane. Particles patterns with island shape were assembled on membrane within 1 s after applying AC electric field. The electrodes can be used repeatedly as the template of subsequent patterning. Although, particles islands were only formed on the PC membrane with 100 and 200 nm diameter pores, the particles penetrated the membrane with 400 nm pores to form patterns on the back surface. Since the strong electric fields were formed at the edges of disks, particles on the back surface were the projection of the disk array of ITO to form ring shapes. The unique structure with particles was explained based on the simulation of electric field distribution. The present proposal offers a procedure to fabricate particle arrays with extremely simple, rapid and highly reproducible manner.     

Rapid prototyping and user-centered design of interactive display-based systems

Much work on display-based ubicomp systems (and rapid prototyping in general) focus on producing proof-of-concept demonstrators, usually to gauge technical feasibility and collect initial user feedback. In our work, we've found that it's often equally important to investigate factors such as use and appropriation and that in some cases, without user studies, technical feasibility can be meaningless. We used rapid prototyping combined with a phased, iterative, and user-centered design approach to develop five display-based ubicomp systems for real-world use over time. In this article, we discuss our aims, approach, and lessons learned. The ubicomp systems that we developed and deployed use rapid prototyping techniques and a user-centered design approach.     

Rapid prototyping of social group dynamics in multiagent systems

In this article we present an engineering approach for the integration of social group dynamics in the behavior modeling of multiagent systems. To this end, a toolbox was created that brings together several theories from the social sciences, each focusing on different aspects of group dynamics. Due to its modular approach, the toolbox can either be used as a central control component of an application or it can be employed temporarily to rapidly test the feasibility of the incorporated theories for a given application domain. This is exemplified by applying the toolbox to different applications.

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聚硅氧烷复合膜用于气体传感器样气除湿的技术研究

该文研制了一种聚硅氧烷复合膜,用静态法测试了透水、透甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)的情况.选用聚硅氧烷/多孔聚四氟乙烯(PDMS/ePFET)膜在自行设计的动态吹扫有机物优先透过器中对阻湿效果进行了初步研究.在温度为30℃,相对湿度95%,DMMP样品浓度为13.3 mg/m3,抽气流速为1 L/min的条件下,器件的加热温度为120℃,采用硅胶干燥的空气吹扫在膜的一边单向采集样气,DMMP透过为23.7%,湿度为25%.     

Soft lithography replication based on PDMS partial curing

In this paper, a partial curing technique is presented. Its aim is to enable the soft lithography replication process for the case requiring usage of PDMS mold. Through controlling the curing time during molding step, the liquid PDMS prepolymer in original status, which will later constitute the device substrate, can be partially polymerized as well as solidified. As a result, not only can the structural pattern in the mold be successfully transferred into the device layer, but also the spontaneous adhesive interaction between these two PDMS parts happening during curing can be effectively limited within very low level, thus largely facilitating the demoulding process. Based on this process, several devices have been successfully developed and high fidelity pattern transfer capability has also been demonstrated. Comparing with the most commonly used treatments such as silanization, the presented method demonstrates easier operation and better user-friendly interface advantages.