HFETR堆辐照孔道释热率测量装置研制

为解决HFETR堆中心孔道活性区相关材料释热率的测量问题,开展了释热率测量装置的研制。在研制过程中,基于量热法的基本原理,辐照孔道的结构限制和反应堆的要求,进行了测量装置结构设计、强度校核和热工分析。测量装置组装完成后,在HFETR堆G07孔道开展了测量试验,同时测得了321不锈钢、6061铝合金和Zr-4合金三种材料在HFETR堆活性区450mm和750mm处的释热率。试验结果显示:测量装置在测量过程中运行稳定可靠,满足HFETR堆安全运行要求;量热计结构小巧紧凑,可同时测量多种材料的释热率;量热计模块化设计,安装于测量装置的不同轴向位置,可同时测量辐照孔道不同轴向位置的释热率;测量结果较好地体现了释热率与堆功率、测量位置的相关性,测量结果可靠有效。     

γ量热计及HFETR中γ释热率的测量

本文介绍了适用于高 γ 释热率测定的量热计设计及在高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)的G_7,辐照孔道中的 γ 释热率测量,其测量误差在±4.5%以内.     

三维离散纵标方法在堆内构件释热率计算中的初步应用

以美国H.B.Robinson-2#机组反应堆压力容器(RPV)基准实验的参数为输入数据,采用三维离散纵标方法程序(TORT)计算压力辐照监督管处中子能谱及典型核素的活度值。计算得到的辐照监督管处中子能谱与基准实验结果趋势一致、吻合较好;典型核素活度的计算值与测量值之比(C/M)为1.04±0.04。用TORT对福建宁德核电站堆内构件释热率分布进行初步计算,并与蒙特卡罗方法(MCNP)的计算结果相比较,两种方法的结果表现出良好的一致性。最后对TORT程序应用于堆内释热率计算进行讨论。     

瞬发和缓发γ射线对堆内构件释热率影响的研究

为提高核电设计中反应堆堆内构件释热率计算的准确性,本文在原来MCNP外中子源模型计算方法的基础上,计算分析瞬发裂变γ对堆内构件释热率的贡献。计算结果显示,考虑瞬发裂变γ使得堆内构件的释热率增加9%～38%,离堆芯越近的堆内构件的增加值越大。另外,分析认为缓发γ对堆内构件释热率的贡献与瞬发裂变γ相当。因而反应堆堆内构件释热率计算中除了考虑中子及中子俘获所生γ的贡献,还应该考虑瞬发裂变γ和缓发γ的贡献。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的池式热堆Rossi-α测量装置设计

设计了一套基于虚拟仪器技术的池式热堆Rossi-α测量装置,该测量装置以PXI-6602高速同步计数卡为硬件测试平台,利用Labview8.5程序开发出了测量装置所需的数据采集和数据处理分析程序。此外,先用Fluke-282任意波形发生器产生一路频率和幅值分别为200 Hz和5 V的方波信号,再用已开发好的Labview应用程序对这路信号进行了脉冲计数统计涨落仿真测试,试验结果表明,所设计的测量装置达到了测量使用要求。     

新型自补偿γ量热计的刻度及测量

用电加热方式对新型自补偿γ量热计算计进行了刻度，测量了低功率反应堆的Ｋ１１孔道和７号孔道内不锈钢的γ释热率，在相同γ释热条件下，使γ释热率的测量误差由没刻度时的±８．０％减小到±１．０％。     

高通量工程试验堆压力容器侧壁中子注量率计算

采用ＡＮＩＳＮ程序计算了高通量工程试验反应堆压力容器侧壁的中子注量率值，提出了一个简单而有效的延长压力容器寿命的方法，填加不锈钢屏蔽材料，结果表明：采用不锈钢后，ＨＦＥＴＲ压力容器的使用寿期可延长１．５倍。     

Numerical investigation of acceleration effect on heat transfer deterioration phenomenon in supercritical water

It is important to understand the heat transfer deterioration (HTD) phenomenon for specifying cladding temperature limits in the fuel assembly design of supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR). In this study, a numerical investigation of heat transfer in supercritical water flowing through vertical tube with high mass flux and high heat flux is performed by using six low-Reynolds number turbulence models. The capabilities of the addressed models in predicting the observed phenomena of experimental study are shortly analyzed. Mechanisms of the effect of flow structures and fluid properties on heat transfer deterioration phenomenon are also discussed. Numerical results have shown that the turbulence is significantly suppressed when the large-property-variation region spreads to the buffer layer near the wall region, resulting in heat transfer deterioration phenomenon. The property variations of dynamic viscosity and specific heat capacity in supercritical water can impair the deterioration in heat transfer, while the decrease of thermal conductivity contributes to the deterioration.     

热管失效对高温热管管束及基体影响实验研究

为了验证小型热管反应堆的可行性,本研究设计了一种高温热管管束的实验装置。该实验装置通过拔出热管模拟热管失效,由电加热棒模拟堆芯燃料棒,用以探究热管失效对热管管束、燃料棒及堆芯基体的影响。实验发现：热管失效带来的最直接影响是堆芯基体局部温度突升,在功率4.2 kW下,单管失效时附近基体温度平均上升约70℃,双管失效时附近基体温度平均上升约120℃;单管失效对其余正常热管影响较小,正常热管蒸发段平均温升15℃,双管失效时,与失效热管相邻的燃料元件平均温升约66℃。本文获得的热管失效下的高温热管管束实验数据可为热管堆的建模仿真提供数据支持。     

热管反应堆多物理耦合平台初步研究

为实现高精度、高置信度的核能系统先进数值模拟技术,探究核能系统内部真实的物理过程,本文开发了中子物理-固体导热-应力分析的三维高精度核热固多物理耦合计算平台MPCH,可开展核反应堆的中子输运、热扩散和热膨胀的多物理耦合计算。该程序基于Picard迭代的外耦合框架,整合了开源蒙特卡罗程序OpenMC、有限元程序Nektar++和SfePy。本文以新型空间热管反应堆KRUSTY为对象,在核热固耦合的计算框架下对其进行计算分析。多物理耦合计算结果表明,该耦合平台能够有效预测KRUSTY反应堆的有效增殖因子变化、功率分布、温度分布及热膨胀现象;在4 kW的堆芯热功率下,全堆局部温差为21.6K,热应力导致的形变率为2.47%,核热固耦合的作用会使堆芯的温度分布更加均匀。该多物理耦合计算程序的设计对新堆设计、研发和校核具有重要作用。     

Evolutionary design of reactor vessel assembly for liquid metal cooled battery

The Battery Omnibus Reactor Integral System (BORIS) is being developed as a multipurpose integral fast reactor at the Seoul National University. This paper focuses on developing design methodology for optimizing geometry of the liquid metal cooled reactor vessel assembly. The key design parameters and constraints are chosen considering technical specifications such as thermal limits and manufacturing difficulties. The evolution strategy is adopted in optimizing the geometry. Two objective functions are selected based upon economic and thermohydraulic reasons. Optimization is carried out in the following steps. First, selected design values are supplied to the momentum integral model code to evaluate steady-state mass flow rate and coolant temperature distribution of the reactor vessel assembly utilizing the thermodynamic boundary condition on heat exchanger calculated by the thermodynamics code. Second, the objective function values are calculated and compared against the previous results. The steps are repeated until an optimum value is obtained. Results of the improved design of the reactor vessel assembly are presented and their characteristics are discussed.     

Real-time measurement of hydrogen generation level during beryllium dust oxidation by steam depending on the dust arrangement geometry

The paper concentrates on the safety issues in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and describes the experiment on the measurement of hydrogen generation rate in case of Ingress of Coolant Event (ICE)—leak inside the vacuum vessel during interaction between water and beryllium (Be) dust. The ICE situation in ITER was simulated in a facility; the active spectroscopy was used to define the hydrogen content by the dynamics of oxidant concentration at a sampling frequency up to 10 Hz. Hydrogen release in time at temperatures of 500-900 °C is investigated, and different versions of dust arrangement are considered, i.e. on the surface and in a slot between armoring tiles at different initial density. The obtained results are compared with the known experiments.     

基于无人潜航器中的热管冷却反应堆安全分析研究

以一种无人潜航器中搭载的紧凑型热管冷却反应堆为基础,建立并优化了一套完整的热管冷却反应堆安全分析模型,其中主要包含堆芯功率瞬变模型、高温热管冷态启动模型与二维热管网格模型,针对研究对象设计了事故工况下的非能动余热排出系统。基于上述模型,开发了热管冷却反应堆安全分析程序,并采用文献公开的冷态启动、稳定运行的实验数据与安全分析程序计算数据进行了对比验证。验证结果表明,程序计算结果与实验数据符合较好,证明了程序的准确性与预测结果的可靠性。使用程序针对研究对象进行了典型事故分析,计算得到了热阱丧失事故下,反应堆在事故发生后延迟3 s停堆与延迟6 s投入余热排出系统条件下峰值温度为1085 K,低于热管最高运行温度;计算得到了引入阶跃正反应性0.47 $与线性引入反应性±0.05$下热管冷却反应堆温度的瞬态响应,最高温度低于热管最高运行温度,且在反馈调节作用下反应堆在更高功率水平下达到新的稳态,体现了反应堆设计方案的良好固有安全性。     

热管堆堆芯基体结构高温力学行为分析

为研究热管堆堆芯基体结构高温下的热应力失效行为,以简化的多孔基体结构为研究对象,结合Megapower 5 MW（热功率）热管堆的设计参数,制定了正常工况和异常工况2种工况下的高温试验方案,其中异常工况考虑了单根热管失效。宏观检测结果显示基体结构未发生明显的变形与失效,结合数值分析方法获得了基体结构在2种工况条件下的温度分布和应力-应变响应,进一步说明了在试验条件下基体结构并不会发生静强度失效和塑性垮塌失效。本研究为明确热管堆堆芯基体结构的强度设计准则奠定了基础。     

多用途热管堆原型样机概念设计及堆芯物理分析

为了验证多用途小型热管反应堆核动力技术的可行性,设计了一个多用途热管堆核电源系统一体化集成实验装置。该实验装置利用高温钾热管实现堆芯冷却及能量传输过程,利用斯特林热机及方钴矿热电片实现动态及静态热电转换过程,本文通过蒙特卡洛程序MCNP完成样机堆芯物理设计,为热管堆原型样机落成提供技术支持。验证结果表明：选用富集度为80%的UN燃料可以满足设计需求;堆芯中子呈快中子谱分布;当2个以上的B₄C毒物朝向堆内,反应堆即可实现安全停堆;堆芯功率峰因子为1.37。该研究可为热管堆原型样机带核试验提供参考依据。     

高温堆热气联箱内部流场分析

以高温堆热气联箱为研究对象,在实验研究的基础上,采用流体力学计算程序CFX5对热气联箱和热气导管内部流场进行了数值模拟,以获得热气联箱和热气导管内的速度场、压力场和温度场,为高温堆热气联箱的设计和实验研究提供参考.数值计算结果表明:热气联箱内气流发生剧烈搅混,加速了不同温度气流间的热传递,有利于高温和低温气流间的温度混合.但存在肋片的区域没有发生剧烈的气流搅混,不利于气流间的热传递.热气导管内温度混合率随其长度的增加逐渐增大,热气导管长度2.5m以上时,温度混合率达到99%以上.     

Numerical simulation of heat transfer deterioration phenomenon in supercritical water through vertical tube

In this study, a numerical investigation of heat transfer deterioration (HTD) in supercritical water flowing through vertical tube is performed by using six low-Reynolds number turbulence models. All low-Reynolds models can be extended to reproduce the effect of buoyancy force on heat transfer and show the occurrence of localized HTD. However, most k–ε models seriously over-predict the deterioration and do not reproduce the subsequent recovery of heat transfer. The V2F and SST models perform better than other models in predicting the onset of deterioration due to strong buoyancy force. The SST model is able to quantitatively reproduce the two heat transfer deterioration phenomena with low mass flux which have been found in the present study.