基于连续式热态实验平台的污泥湿式氧化实验

为了验证污泥湿式氧化技术的工业可行性、稳定性和安全性,通过建立连续式热态实验台研究典型条件下的污泥湿式处理效果,分别检测了氧化产物中的三相成分和性质并进行反应动力学计算。结果表明:典型条件下实验装置稳定运行超过100 h,反应后固相残渣有机物降解率达78.62%,重金属含量及浸出重金属含量均达标;液相中COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷超标,可返回污水处理厂进一步处理;气相中无SO_2和NO_x;污泥湿式氧化过程分为快速反应阶段和慢速反应阶段,且2个阶段均属于化学动力学控制。     

剩余污泥与生活有机垃圾联合厌氧消化产沼气研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥和生活垃圾为发酵原料,研究了不同原料配比对厌氧消化过程及消化效率的影响。结果表明,剩余污泥和生活垃圾联合厌氧发酵可以提高垃圾的消化效率,当剩余污泥和生活垃圾TS比为1∶4时厌氧消化效果最好,经过66 d消化后,COD去除率为59.79%,TS去除率为56.92%,VS去除率为66.87%。     

TS对城市有机垃圾和剩余污泥联合厌氧消化的影响

在中温(35℃)条件下,以城市有机垃圾和污水处理厂剩余污泥为发酵原料,其中生活垃圾∶污泥=4∶1(w/w,干重),研究了固形物含量分别为3%,4%,6%,8%,10%对厌氧发酵过程及发酵效率的影响。结果表明:当发酵液TS为4%时厌氧发酵效率最高,发酵过程中pH适宜产甲烷菌生长,产气时间长,累积产气量最大,为11 967 mL,且甲烷含量较高;同时发酵过程中氨氮浓度升高缓慢,不会对甲烷菌造成氨抑制,对原料中有机质的降解效果明显,COD去除率为61.7%,TS去除率为47.19%,VS去除率为55.93%。     

某生活污水处理陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺实验研究

通过陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺对生活污水进行处理,在来水COD在204.5～269.16mg/L,氨氮在21.95～36.24mg/L,总氮在41.4～52.99mg/L,总磷在4.05～5.41mg/L的情况下,考察膜通量和出水满足一级A排放标准相关设计参数。出水通量逐渐增大至26L/m²·h,跨膜压差逐渐增大。在好氧池停留时间6.5h,缺氧池停留时间2h情况下,出水COD、氨氮、总氮基本能够稳定在一级A范围内,污泥负荷为：0.076kgBOD/(kgMLVSS·d),反硝化速率为0.038 kgNO₃-N/(kgMLSS·d),出水总磷难以达标,需要辅助化学除磷。     

混合比对市政污泥与餐厨垃圾二级高温共消化的影响

研究不同混合比下市政污泥与餐厨垃圾二级高温共消化的情况。实验分别采用污泥与餐厨TS之比为3∶1,4∶1,5∶1的3种混合比,主要考查了混合比对二级反应罐的影响。研究表明,不同的混合比对各反应罐达到稳定时出料的COD浓度、VS的含量及其去除率、日产气量以及产气中甲烷含量等都有一定的影响,混合比为3∶1,4∶1,5∶1的反应罐稳定时出料的COD浓度分别为13 500,10 000,23 000mg/L,混合比为4∶1时,出料COD浓度最低。稳定时VS的含量随着混合比的增加而升高,分别为0.034 7,0.039 6,0.045 6g/g物料,VS的去除率分别为42.8%,26.7%,5.2%;稳定时各反应罐的日产气量随着混合比的升高而降低,分别为12 000,5 500,4 500mL,产气中甲烷含量分别为92.49%,91.55%,88.69%。     

固化微生物处理规模化养猪场废水的试验研究

利用聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠和活性炭等作为固化载体材料,制备芽孢杆菌为主的固化微生物,用于处理规模化养猪场废水,以废水中COD、氨氮和总磷去除率为指标考察不同曝气方式对固化微生物净化水体的影响。试验结果表明,在常温条件下,固定化微生物投加量10g·L~(-1)、曝气时间6h,间歇式曝气时间比为1∶2时,经过21d的处理,废水COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别可达83.1%、88.6%和45%,最终出水COD和氨氮浓度为292.5mg·L~(-1)和77.9mg·L~(-1),符合《畜禽养殖废水排放标准》(GB18596-2001)中COD和氨氮的排放值。     

城市有机废弃物厌氧发酵沼液絮凝处理及其肥效研究

文章利用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对厌氧发酵沼液进行絮凝处理,以絮凝率和COD去除率为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法,研究PAC投放量、PAM投放量和沼液pH值对絮凝率和COD去除率的影响,并建立数学模型,获得沼液处理的最优条件,最后开展沼液肥效的研究。研究结果表明:当沼液的pH值为6.92,PAC的投放量为912 mg/L,PAM的投放量为21.36 mg/L时,沼液絮凝率和COD去除率达到最大,分别为47.96%和45.1%,总氮去除率为51.1%,总磷去除率为44.3%,氨氮去除率为60.3%;处理后的沼液在低浓度下可促进辣椒幼苗的生长,而未处理的沼液对辣椒幼苗的生长有很强的抑制作用。     

C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能影响分析

通过分析C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能的影响,为污水回用提供有效的处理工艺及参数。对模拟污水进行动态试验,研究不同的C/N比值对氨氮、总氮及COD去除效果的影响。试验表明,在当A/O生物滤池C/N比值为4.6~5.5、水力负荷为2~3m/h,回流比为1∶2,好氧段气水比为1∶3时,原水中的NH3-N、TN和COD都得到了较好的去除,去除率最高分别能达到92.1%,92%,95%。A/O生物滤池能够有效地去除污水中的氨氮、总氮及COD等,在适当的C/N比值的情况下,可有效提高去除效率,降低运行成本。     

污泥膨胀对膜生物反应器脱氮效果的影响

通过采用A/O膜生物反应器工艺处理生活污水的动态模拟方法,研究污泥膨胀对该系统脱氮效果的影响。结果表明:污泥膨胀对总氮的去除率基本无影响,丝状菌比表面积大,在低底物浓度的条件下对基质的亲和能力比菌胶团强,使得CODCr的平均去除率提高了3.8%,NH3-N的平均去除率提高了3%。丝状菌的捆绑、覆盖所引起的膜污染极其严重,膜通量无法保持稳定。     

污泥膨胀对膜生物反应器脱氮效果的影响

通过采用A/O膜生物反应器工艺处理生活污水的动态模拟方法,研究污泥膨胀对该系统脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,污泥膨胀对总氮的去除率基本无影响,丝状菌比表面积大,在低底物浓度的条件下对基质的亲和能力比菌胶团强,使得CODcr的平均去除率提高3.8%,NH3-N的平均去除率提高3%。丝状菌的捆绑、覆盖所引起的膜污染极其严重,膜通量无法保持稳定。     

Influence of sludge properties on the direct gasification of dewatered sewage sludge in supercritical water

In the present study, ten different types of dewatered sewage sludges were treated in supercritical water in a high-pressure autoclave under a given condition (at 400 °C, 60 min and 23 MPa). The feasibility of direct gasification and the effect of sludge properties on the gasification of dewatered sewage sludge with various properties in supercritical water were investigated. The results showed that dewatered sewage sludge with various water contents (73.48–88.51 wt%), organic matter contents (29.25–73.02 wt%, on dry basis) and inorganics can be directly gasified in supercritical water. The total gas and phenol production increased linearly with the increment of organic matter content in dewatered sewage sludge. The difference in hydrogen content in the gaseous product may be related to the content of water and inorganic as well as pH value of the sludge. The char/coke formed in the solid residue increased with decrement of water content, which inhibited the gasification reaction and resulted in the carbonization reaction.     

污泥太阳能干燥试验研究

一前言城市生活污水在处理过程中产生了大量的污泥,据不完全统计,目前全国污水处理厂每年排放湿污泥500万吨以上,干重超过100万吨。随着我国污水处理设施的普及、处理率的提高,产生的污泥量将继续增大。目前污泥的主要处置方法有农用、填埋和焚烧。大量未经稳定化、无害化处理的污泥已成为污水处理厂的沉重负担,同时也对环境产生了二次污染。     

Sewage sludge combustion

In the current review paper, various issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge are discussed. After briefly explaining the formation and treatment of sewage sludge, current and future sludge production are discussed. Thereafter, the four sludge disposal methods which are currently used, i.e. recycling in agriculture, landfilling, dumping into sea and incineration, are examined, and the future trend presented showing the increasing role of sludge incineration. Thereafter, technologies for thermal processing of sewage sludge are presented. They are discussed in three groups, i.e. mono-combustion, co-combustion and alternative processes. Various mono-combustion incinerators, including multiple hearth, fluidized bed and smelting furnaces are briefly discussed, whereas for co-combustion, attention has been given to co-combustion with coals in pulverized and fluidized bed coal combustors, as well as co-incineration with municipal solid wastes in various furnaces. Where possible, data from large scale plants are presented. Currently being discussed in the sludge disposal cycles are the alternative thermal processes to sludge combustion. These include wet oxidation, pyrolysis, oil from sludge processes, and combinations of pyrolysis, combustion and gasification processes. Some of these alternative technologies are also briefly discussed. An important aspect during thermal processing of sewage sludge is its combustion mechanisms. Compared to coals, sewage sludge has very high contents of moisture and volatile matter which can affect the combustion process. The importance of the drying and devolatilization processes for sewage sludge combustion is thus examined. In a special case, the release and combustion of the volatiles during sludge combustion in fluidized bed combustors is analysed, and some information concerning the combustion of sludge char is presented. Another important issue of sludge combustion is the emissions of pollutants gases as well as the handling of solid by-products. Of concern include the heavy metals, mercury, dioxins and furans, acid gases, as well as NO_x and N₂O. These are also briefly discussed. A peculiar characteristic of sewage sludge is its high content of nitrogen, and attention has been given to see how this affects the N₂O and NO_x emissions. In a special case, emission performance of large scale combustors of sewage sludge is presented.     

城市污泥无害化处置的研究

考虑到污泥处理的紧迫性和复杂性,结合工程的经济性原则,重点介绍了无害化处理城市污泥的系统方案——污泥干化焚烧.该系统采用空心桨叶污泥干燥机对污泥进行干燥、循环流化床炉对污泥进行焚烧,再利用余热锅炉吸收烟气热能产生蒸汽用于污泥干燥机对污泥进行干燥,实现了整个废弃物能源利用的最大化,降低了系统整体的运行费用.经过处理后的污...     

污泥与木屑共热解特性研究

文章采用污泥、木屑为原料,在氮气气氛下进行热重实验,研究了升温速率和木屑添加量对污泥与木屑共热解特性的影响规律,并进行动力学分析。研究结果表明:随着升温速率的增加,样品挥发分析出阶段向高温方向移动,最大失重速率增加;随着木屑添加量的增加,样品总失重量及最大失重速率均显著增加。动力学分析认为:污泥热解的反应机理为三维扩散,机理函数为Z-L-T函数;污泥与木屑共热解的反应机理为成核和生长,机理函数为Avrami-Erofeev函数。污泥热解活化能为287.29～390.57 kJ/mol,污泥与木屑共热解活化能为170.16～277.05 kJ/mol,木屑的加入降低了污泥的热解活化能。     

城市污水污泥热解特性实验研究

为了获得南昌市青山湖污水处理厂污泥的热解特性,采用差热天平对污泥进行热重分析实验,获得了不同加热速率下污泥的TG-DTG曲线。根据实验结果对干燥污泥热解过程进行了分析,并对实验数据进行了处理。利用微分法确定了热解机理并求出反应动力学参数——频率因子A、活化能E。     

超声波促进污泥厌氧消化的研究

介绍了超声波的作用机理，指出在污泥厌氧消化过程中，污泥水解是限速步骤，在厌氧消化前，对污泥进行超声波破解预处理，促使细胞壁破裂，细胞内含物溶出，可以加速污泥的水解过程，从而达到缩短消化时间，减少消化池容积，提高沼气产量的目的。     

超声波预处理对污泥干燥速率影响研究

在超声波预处理污泥干燥实验基础上,分析了超声波预处理技术对污泥干燥速率的影响,并对污泥干燥过程进行了指数拟合,结果表明.超声波预处理能有效提高污泥干燥效率,其改善的程度取决于不同的实验条件;超声波预处理能够加速表面自由水分蒸发和快速结束污泥恒速干燥阶段;增大超声波功率可以更好地改善污泥的干燥特性,但改善的程度随着十燥时间的延长而放缓;超声波处理时间过长可能会增大污泥的黏度,反而不利于污泥脱水干燥.     

The effect of sludge from coal to oil process on the stability of coal/sludge water slurries

Sludge produced from coal to oil process contains larger content of tar, phenols, ammonia components, and ashes. It cannot be treated by using traditional disposal methods as landfill or incineration. A promising solution is to blend sludge with coal for preparation of sludge/coal-water slurries. The new slurry fuels could be used in commercial gasifiers for syngas generation. In this process, the first goal is to form a stable slurry. In the research project, the addition of sludge on the stability of coal-water slurries was investigated. Results show that the addition of sludge can improve the static stability for slurries prepared by lean coal, coking coal, and lignite. The effect on stability of coking coal-water slurry is the most significant. The proportion of sludge to lean coal added in the slurry can be maintained at 10% to 15%.