“第一集装箱码头”焕颜记

当前,随着世界主要现代港口开始由第三代向更高、更新层次的第四代过渡,一个集货物、技术、商务、信息于一体的物流港口建设正成为一个全球化的新兴热点。盐田港作为我国集装箱吞吐量最大的港区,以及中国大陆远洋集装箱班轮密度最高的单个集装箱码头,     

自动化码头堆场穿越式双ASC调度

随着人工智能等科技的发展,海铁联运的运输模式加快了集装箱码头自动化的发展进程,自动化已经成为集装箱码头发展的必然趋势。对自动化集装箱码头堆场内可穿越式双自动堆垛起重机（ASC）在同一箱区内进行作业的过程进行研究,考虑不同大小的ASC的运行速度和单位时间内耗能不一样,以及在同一贝位两个ASC存在冲突的情况,建立多目标混合整数模型,得出完成所有集装箱任务的总时间和总耗能。并通过改变不同的参数来设计三组实验,实验结果表明,可以通过调整集装箱任务量、双ASC的速度、双ASC装载和空载的耗能之比来减少码头作业集装箱任务的总时间和总能耗。     

MAS理论下集卡动态调度系统研究

集卡是集装箱码头中装卸货物的载体,合理的集卡调度对提高集装箱码头物流系统运作效率、缓解港区内交通阻塞、提高设备利用率具有重要的意义。针对码头集卡运作的特性,提出了基于MAS（Multiple Agent System）理论的集卡调度模型。运用Arena仿真软件对模型进行了仿真研究,并与以往文献基于其他方法的仿真结果进行了对比,表明了模型的可行性和有效性。     

制造商竞争与合作下双渠道供应链联合减排的微分博弈分析

以两个制造商与一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链为研究对象,分析制造商竞争与合作模型下供应链的最优均衡策略,并探讨系统关键参数对供应链各成员利润的影响.研究发现,只有当减排效率差异水平满足一定条件时,两制造商才会同时选择合作,且合作模型下制造商的利润总和增大,而减排努力、广告分担率、广告努力和零售商的利润减小.随着传统渠道市场占有率、减排竞争和广告竞争的增大,竞争模型下零售商的利润增大,而合作模型下的利润与广告竞争无关;制造商的利润变化取决于减排效率、网络渠道和传统渠道的边际利润.     

两竞争推广商与酒店的合作协调研究

随着酒店市场竞争的日趋激烈,酒店为了提高入住率,纷纷与第三方推广商开展合作.酒店如何通过与推广商合作来提高利润率成为酒店业重点关注的话题.本文分析市场上存在一个占主导地位的酒店以及和酒店合作的两家推广商,利用博弈论构建了酒店和推广商的利润函数模型.为此,首先分析了分散决策下博弈三方的最优策略,进而分析了集中决策下三方的最优策略,并刻画了影响酒店和推广商最优策略的影响因素.并进一步提出了能实现整体最优并能实现双方Pareto改善的协调契约.本文的研究发现以下现象:1)酒店的价格增加,两推广商的利润均有提升;2)当推广商间的竞争激烈程度增大时,推广商会压低利润水平并提升推广力度.从而,酒店的利润会不断提升,并且供应链的协调程度也在不断增加.数值例子也验证了所设计的协调契约对整体协调的有效性.     

无线传感器网络基于议价解的合作策略

针对无线传感器网络（WSN）的合作多样性问题,对结合节点能耗和吞吐量的对称合作模式进行了讨论。基于Raiffa-Kalai-Smorodinsky议价解（RBS）,将对称合作问题转换成议价问题,提出了一种提高网络传输效率的WSN对称合作策略。分析了由[n]传感器节点和一个sink 组成的对称合作模型,并在此基础上,讨论了RBS最优带宽分配策略的实现过程。仿真结果表明,该对称合作策略可以大大提高传感器节点的传输效率。     

考虑消费者环保意识的WEEE 双渠道回收模型

在考虑消费者环保意识的基础上,建立基于不同消费者群体行为的WEEE双渠道回收模型,采用博弈论比较两条渠道在竞争情形与合作情形下的决策.研究表明,在不同的市场环境下,消费者的环保意识以及环保消费者的比例对两条渠道的合作策略有不同程度的影响.当两条渠道相互合作时,供应链的利润随着普通消费者环保意识的增加而增大,随环保消费者比例的增大而减小.在一般情况下,两条渠道合作时的回收价格和回收量小于竞争情形时的回收量和回收价格,但网络回收平台的单位期望收益远大于流动商贩的单位期望收益的情形除外.当消费者的环保意识、环保消费者的比例以及两条渠道的回收产品的单位利润满足一定条件时,双方合作才会对整个回收产业起到积极作用.最后,对模型中的各参数进行了敏感性分析,并用算例验证了模型的有效性.     

基于GDCF的竞争窗口快速增加退避算法

竞争窗口（Contention Window,CW）的调整策略在很大程度上决定了退避算法的性能。针对节点碰撞时CW固定调节方式存在的不足,将节点的连续碰撞次数作为衡量信道竞争激烈程度的标志并将其引入到CW的调整策略中,在GDCF基础上提出一种具有自适应特点的CW快速增加退避算法（Fast Increasing GDCF,FI-GDCF）,节点碰撞时按照其连续碰撞次数的指数律调整CW大小。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与BEB和GDCF算法相比,FI-GDCF算法在两种接入模式尤其是基本接入模式下,其碰撞概率、归一化网络吞吐量以及分组平均接入时延等性能均可获得不同程度的提升。     

Shapley值的LTE系统下行QoS感知资源调度

针对长期演进（Long Term Evolution,LTE）系统下行链路多用户业务传输过程中实时（Real-Time,RT）业务与非实时（Non-Real-Time,NRT）业务传输性能需求问题,提出一种基于合作博弈论Shapley值的信道资源初始控制方法。该方法在MAC（Media Access Control）层根据业务传输数据量大小来计算联盟边界贡献值,然后利用Shapley值来计算各业务占用的信道资源,再根据所分配的信道资源进行RB（Resource Block）调度。链路仿真表明,该方法在保证各业务时延与丢包率的基础上,提升了非实时业务的传输性能,在用户数量从5变化到50的条件下,对比DPVT-MLWDF（Delay Priority Virtual Token-Modified Largest Weighted Delay First）算法,非实时业务的吞吐量平均增加了38.05%,公平性提升了12.51%。实验结果表明,所提出的区分业务的信道资源控制方法在多用户业务条件下保证了实时业务传输性能,提升了非实时业务的吞吐量及公平性,明显优于对比算法。     

集装箱码头三维仿真组件平台

为直观、形象地研究集装箱码头生产优化问题,采用三维仿真的方法实现集装箱码头物流信息与作业过程的可视化．基于不同业务流程的仿真要求,合理地划分静态布局、装卸设备、装卸对象、码头操作、运动学解算、数据访问、通信接口和图形渲染等组件的粒度;建立层次结构形式的组件平台,体现客观对象的逻辑关系;遵循标准COM＋规范设计岸桥、场桥和集卡等集装箱码头主要三维仿真组件．以上海振华重工（集团）股份有限公司自动化集装箱码头为例验证该组件平台的可操作性,结果表明该方法对集装箱码头装卸工艺的改进和管理水平的提升具有实际指导意义．     

Evaluation of the floaterm concept at marine container terminals via simulation

International seaborne trade rose significantly during the past decades. This created the need to increase capacity of existing marine container terminals to meet the growing demand. The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the floaterm concept using simulation modeling and determine if it can improve terminal productivity. The main difference between floaterm and conventional marine container terminals is that, in the former case, transshipment containers are handled by off-shore quay cranes and stored on container barges. Two terminal configurations performance is compared (vessel handling times and equipment utilization) under normal and disruptive conditions. Computational experiments confirm preliminary expectations that the floaterm concept can enhance efficiency of marine container terminal operations under normal and disruptive conditions.     

宁波港中距离无水港选址问题研究

随着港口规模等级的竞争延伸到腹地竞争以及内陆运输领域的不断发展,集装箱多式联运和无水港的发展越来越受到关注。针对无水港选址问题,提出了一种结合模拟退火算法的混合遗传算法进行整体求解,并与IBM ILOG CPLEX12.2的求解结果进行比较。主要在集装箱多式联运的基础上研究了无水港选址,同时考虑了建立无水港所形成的规模经济效应,在模型中加入了成本折扣系数。虽然以宁波港的无水港选址为例,但此选址方法也适用于其他港口的无水港选址。     

Agent based simulation architecture for evaluating operational policies in transshipping containers

An agent based simulator for evaluating operational policies in the transshipment of containers in a container terminal is described. The simulation tool, called SimPort, is a decentralized approach to simulating managers and entities in a container terminal. Real data from two container terminals are used as input for evaluating eight transshipment policies. The policies concern the sequencing of ships, berth allocation, and stacking rule. They are evaluated with respect to a number of aspects, such as, turn-around time for ships and traveled distance of straddle carriers. The simulation results indicate that a good choice in yard stacking and berthing position policies can lead to faster ship turn-around times. For instance, in the terminal studied the Overall-Time-Shortening policy offers fast turn-around times when combined with a Shortest-Job-First sequencing of arriving ships.     

集装箱码头设备配置与作业调度集成优化研究

合理配置与调度自动化集装箱码头岸桥、场桥和AGV(automated guided vehicle)等设备对提高码头作业效率,减少能耗具有重要意义.在集装箱码头缓冲区容量有限的条件下,结合AGV路径无冲突约束,建立了以最小化船舶在港时间和最小化总能耗为目标的多目标混合整数规划模型,并设计了双层遗传算法求解方法.以某市自...     

基于LS-SVM的供应链合作伙伴选择

随着企业在质量、价格、时间、柔性和创新等竞争领域的经营业绩越来越依赖于供应商网络,伙伴关系和有效的供应商管理变得越来越重要。在选择供应链合作伙伴的过程中,由于竞争地位与收益的不平衡,缺乏相互信任等因素会造成合作伙伴评价指标与实际值不相符合。为了能更好地提高企业选择合作伙伴的效率并减少其选择成本,选择最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）算法对合作伙伴进行选择。实验证明,LS-SVM比普通的向量机不仅具有较高的训练效率,而且有更高的精确度。     

基于($D,U$)控制策略的港口群空箱存储与调运联合优化

针对区域港口群内陆公共腹地的空箱供需状况,构建多港口、多周期空箱存储与调运联合优化混合整数规划模型,利用马尔科夫决策过程与动态规划相结合的方法,在(D,U)库存控制策略下对港口群内各港口的空箱库存保有量区间进行动态优化,以此为基础对港口群公共腹地和各港口间的空箱调运方案进行优化,并以辽宁沿海港口群-----东北腹地为对象进行实证分析.实验结果表明,(D,U)控制策略下的空箱调运能够为船公司节省15.22%的总成本.选取公共腹地数量、公共腹地和港口空箱需求量、单位租箱成本以及单位库存成本进行灵敏度分析,进而验证(D,U)控制策略能够削弱船公司在外界环境发生变化时受到的影响.     

An allocation approach for external truck tasks appointment in automated container terminal

Ports are the key connection of sea and land transportation. The coordination of container collection and distribution directly affect the handling efficiency of port in the entire supply chain. The optimization of tasks appointment for external trucks is crucial to improving the efficiency of container collection and distribution. The layout of the interchange points of external trucks are streamlined in automated container terminals where external trucks are commonly affected by the seaside operations. The traditional methods of external trucks assignment are inadequately applicable. In this paper an optimization model for the tasks appointment of external trucks is established for the joint optimization of external truck appointment and automated rail mounted gantry crane (ARMG) scheduling in the yard. Multiple objectives are generated including the balance of appointment among periods of time and between blocks. In this model the capacity constraints of the loading operations of external truck and moving operations of ARMGs between the seaside and landside are comprehensively considered. The model is solved by CPLEX and verified through sensitivity analysis. Different task appointment modes and various scenarios are compared and suggestions for selecting an optimization strategy are proposed. The experimental results show that the task appointment solutions effectively prevent the queuing of trucks, and balance the ARMG handling in automated container terminals, and herein the port efficiency is enhanced and the satisfaction of the carriers is promoted accordingly. It is also suggested that terminal managers should consider yard operations, operation capacity and the length of appointment period when considering the optimization of a task appointment schedule. While keeping optimize the appointment modes according to the operational conditions to improve the balance between the seaside and landside operations and reduce the idle of the ARMGs.     

Layout analysis affecting strategic decisions in artificial container terminals

As a result of a major growth in world trade, importance of the container terminals, which are the exit gates of international maritime trade, has been emphasized and the competition between these terminals has increased. In recent years, increasing competition in shallow seas, which have low berth depth and intensive trade, has caused terminal managers to investigate how the strategic decisions affect the future development of terminal operations. Due to their low berth depth, container terminals in the feeder ports of shallow seas are built artificially near coastlines. The most common layouts found in these terminals are Π, L, π, or Ψ. In this paper, simulation models were developed for the container terminals to examine the effect of transporter dispatching rules and resource allocation strategies in terms of total annual handling amount. According to the results, terminal performance is significantly affected by terminal layout design under different transporter dispatching rules and allocation strategies.