淬火液及冷却水实现零排放的新工艺

本文介绍了沈阳机床集团热处理分厂在整体搬迁过程中，选用空气冷却器对热处理淬火介质和感应加热设备冷却水进行封闭式循环冷却，实现了热处理淬火介质和冷却水的零排放目标；同时保证了热处理工件的质量和提高了生产效率及减少了维修量，这方面取得了预期的节能减排的效果。     

淬火油冷却及其余热回收技术的应用

淬火油冷却及回收其余热的热管换热设备,以冷却淬火油为目的,同时回收淬火油的余热并加以利用,这样可以提高热能的利用率。流体介质分别为淬火油和冷却水,淬火油和冷却水各自构成一套互相独立的密闭循环冷却和加热系统,中间由隔板隔开,消除传统油-水换热过程中容易引起油水掺混而发生火灾的隐患,大大地提高了设备的安全性。被加热的冷却水可以用于清洗工件或者提供生活热水。应用该项技术后,可使热处理能耗380kWh/t。     

PAG淬火介质在合金结构钢前轴余热淬火中的应用

淬火介质对保证淬火工艺实施有重要作用。采用水或油作为淬火介质,均存在一定缺陷,不能满足合金结构钢前轴锻件热处理的需要。通过分析理想淬火介质的冷却曲线,发现一种新型PAG淬火介质的冷却特性可以满足要求。介绍了这种新型淬火介质的冷却原理、使用条件及技术要点。并结合实践,介绍了该介质在合金结构钢前轴锻件(42CrMo材质中重型前轴,120~140kg)热处理生产过程中的使用情况。     

45~#钢热处理淬火裂纹控制

分析了45#钢材料热处理特性,改变了传统45#钢热处理淬火加热方式及冷却介质,有效控制了45#钢热处理淬火裂纹,提高了45#钢热处理质量。     

叶片钢调质采用水基淬火冷却介质代油的可行性分析

1.水基淬火冷却介质 水基淬火冷却介质代油进入我国热处理行业已二十多年.很多企业使用后认为：工作环境清洁,不燃烧,无烟气,无火灾危险,通过有效地控制介质浓度、温度、搅拌循环等工艺条件,可满足各种零件的淬火要求.经过热处理应用和市场调研,德国德润宝水基聚合物淬火冷却介质F2000代油方面得到了行业内很多企业的认同.     

35CrMnSiA铰接销轴淬火工艺研究

通过对液压支架中35CrMnSiA铰接销轴的淬火试验，详细研究和探讨了不同淬火介质对35CrMnSiA淬火销轴力学性能的影响，旨在找到最佳的热处理淬火介质。     

淬火介质技术讲座：第四讲 水基淬火介质分类概况

1.前言 按照GB7232—87“金属热处理工艺术语”冷却类3.17,淬火介质定义为:“工件进行淬火冷却所使用的介质称为淬火冷却介质,常用的淬火介质有水和水溶性盐类、碱类或有机物的水溶液,以及油、熔盐、空气等”。这一讲主要讨论“水溶性盐类、碱类或有机物的水溶液”,这段话概括了水基淬火介质的全部内容。《热处理手册》(第二版)第     

轴承零件热处理淬火介质冷却特性测定方法的对比分析

针对轴承热处理淬火介质冷却特性的评定问题,从测定方法、标定以及实测数据对比分析了IVF和SYQ-2测定仪,结果表明:2种测定仪所获取的淬火介质冷却曲线可以有效监控淬火介质冷却性能的变化,及时提供有效的解决方案,从而保证淬火介质的长期稳定性。     

高中频热处理用淬火介质的选用

为获得合格的高中频热处理产品,除必须的设备条件和合理的工艺方法外,选好、用好淬火冷却介质也是必不可少的。 1.高中频热处理用淬火冷却介质的过去和现状     

淬火介质的选择和使用维护（上）

近十几年来,在国内热处理生产中,新型淬火介质得到越来越广泛的应用。使用新型淬火介质能给工厂带来不少的好处,但失败事例也是有的。经验表明,要选好和用好新型淬火介质首先需要了解新型淬火介质;其次,使用新型淬火介质需要有适     

基于有限元的阀组件单级散热模块数值分析

简述了阀组件单级散热模块的外部模型、内部水路的物理模型和电子元件的分布。在理论计算分析的基础上,采用有限元的方法进行数值模拟,从而得到不同流速下的流阻和热阻,分析得到最佳冷却流速。借助有限元流体分析软件,得到了阀组件的温度场和流场,分析结果能够较真实地反映出散热模块的温度分布梯度、内部流场的温度梯度以及压力损失梯度。研究结果不仅为后续多级散热模块串联提供了理论基础,而且对散热器的设计和优化具有一定的指导意义。     

半导体制冷片对电子元件降温效果的试验研究

就半导体制冷器对CPU等电子元件的降温效果进行了试验研究。通过模拟试验分别得到了CPU在传统风冷散热装置和接入半导体制冷片时的温度数据,并对比分析了CPU输入电压以及制冷片电压对降温效果的影响。结果显示,接入半导体制冷片后,CPU的工作温度大为降低,降温幅度达到15～25℃,可以很好地满足高频电子元件的温度要求;同时发现CPU的降温效果与制冷片电压并不成正比关系。     

Cooling channel design of hot stamping tools for uniform high-strength components in hot stamping process

Although high strengths up to 1,500 MPa can be obtained by means of hot stamping, the strength and uniformity of components cannot be guaranteed during mass production if the cooling channel is not properly designed. In this paper, we propose a method for designing the cooling channel by means of the energy balance principle and arrangement methods such as the triangular method, tool split, and the connection rule for 2D sections to improve the strength and uniformity of hot stamped components. Two separate approaches for designing the cooling channel are suggested. One is to reduce facility and maintenance costs, and the other is to reduce the cooling cycle time, which critically affects productivity. These approaches were applied to hot stamping tools for manufacturing a roof side that is used as part of the structure of an automobile. Cooling performance and cooling uniformity of the designed cooling channel were verified with finite element simulation. Finally, hot stamping tools for manufacturing a roof side were designed to reduce cooling cycle time and were then manufactured to verify the proposed design methods. A roof side was manufactured by means of the hot stamping tools with the designed cooling channel, and the strength and the uniformity of the component were evaluated by means of a tensile test, observation of the microstructure, and measurement of the micro-Vickers hardness.     

电子设备中导热衬垫的选型及散热凸台的设计

导热衬垫和散热凸台的组合使用是电子设备板卡上散热器件常见的散热方式之一。散热器件和印制板的尺寸公差较大,导致导热衬垫的选型和散热凸台的设计变得困难,因此提出一种新的导热衬垫选型和散热凸台设计的方法。首先建立散热器件与散热凸台之间间隙的两种尺寸链模型。然后利用概率法分析尺寸链,推导得到导热衬垫厚度选择的充要条件及一般准则。进一步,基于封闭环中间偏差的计算,推导了散热凸台高度的计算公式。最后进行实例分析以验证该方法的有效性,结果显示导热衬垫能够补偿散热器件与散热凸台之间间隙的置信度大于99.75%。该方法为导热衬垫的选型及散热凸台的设计提供了理论依据。     

水接头结构设计与有限元分析

小型低风速风光互补发电技术及设备研究中,水接头是冷却设备的关键部件。它是连接设备冷却水槽的重要部件,对设备的冷却起着至关重要的作用,同时也是影响总体设计及相关系统工程设计的重要因素。本设计确定水接头选用铝合金材料、机械加工焊接成型的水接头方案。以此为基础,重点开展了水接头结构设计研究工作,研究了水接头结构设计与水接头有限元分析的基础理论和关键实现技术。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATING MODEL APPLICABLE FOR CYLINDER WALL DYNAMIC HEAT TRANSFER

In the calculation of submarine air conditioning load of the early stage, the obtained heat is regarded as cooling load. The confusion of the two words causing the cooling load figured out is abnormally high, and the change of air conditioning cooling load can not be indicated. In accordance with submarine structure and heat transfer characteristics of its inner components, Laplace transformation to heat conduction differential equation of cylinder wall is carried out. The dynamic calculation of submarine conditioning load based on this model is also conducted, and the results of calculation are compared with those of static cooling load calculation. It is concluded that the dynamic cooling load calculation methods can illustrate the change of submarine air conditioning cooling load more accurate than the static one.     

Finite‐element heat‐transfer analysis of a PEEK‐steel sliding pair in a pin‐on‐disc configuration

Finite‐element (FE) thermal models have been developed in order to study the temperature distribution in a sliding pair comprising a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) pin and a steel disc in a pin‐on‐disc configuration. First, a moving heat source model for the disc was created. An alternative distributed heat source model was also produced in order to reduce computing time for the evaluation of the moving heat source model by some orders of magnitude. This latter model gave the same results as the moving heat source model, except for a small region just below the moving heat source. On the basis of the distributed heat source approach, a complete axisymmetric FE model for the disc side (taking the effect of thermal resistance between the assembled components into consideration) and a steady‐state quarter model for the pin were developed. Water cooling and air cooling of the steel shaft were also compared. It was found that air cooling allowed a higher temperature in the contact region of the two sliding partners. The experimental results obtained with thermocouples and a thermal camera showed good agreement with the model predictions.     

Numerical simulation of low pressure die casting of magnesium wheel

The application of magnesium in the automotive industry contributes to reduced fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. Nowadays, most magnesium components in automobiles are manufactured by die casting. In this paper, simulation of the low pressure die casting process of a magnesium wheel that adopts FDM (finite difference method) is presented. Through calculating the temperature and velocity fields during filling and solidification stages, the evolution of temperature and liquid fraction is analyzed. Then, potential defects including gas pores in the middle of the spokes, shrinkage at the top of the rim and the rim/spokes junctions are predicted. The reasons for these defects are also analyzed and the solutions to eliminate them are presented. The air gas pores and shrinkage at the top of the rim are eliminated effectively by reducing the pouring velocity. Furthermore, the cooling capacity at the rim/spokes junctions is also investigated in the paper. Through analysis of the shrinkage defects generated in various cooling modes, it is proven that the cooling pipe system set in the side mould alone is a valid way to enhance the cooling capacity at the rim/spoke junction areas. Finally, the strength analysis is carried out for further verification of the effectiveness of the new cooling method.     

冷却方式对不锈钢板翅结构强度和微观组织的影响

对采用镍基钎料BNi-2的304不锈钢板翅结构进行真空钎焊试验,讨论冷却方式对结构强度和微观组织的影响。利用扫描电镜（SEM）对钎焊接头微观组织进行观察;利用能谱分析（EDS）对接头化学成分进行研究。研究结果表明,在其它钎焊工艺参数不变的情况下,冷却方式对304不锈钢板翅结构的强度影响很大。采用现有文献使用的充氮快速冷却的方式,导致钎焊接头产生了较多的裂纹和孔洞,绽得强度降低;采用改进的缓慢冷却方式,即从钎焊温度到620℃,让其自由冷却,当炉中温度降到620℃时,向炉内充氮气并同时启动风机快速冷却。利用高温蠕变松弛原理,释放部分钎焊残余应力,减少了裂纹等缺陷的产生,极大提高了304不锈钢板翅结构的强度。     

中心机房计算机主机箱的散热设计与实现

中心机房的服务器、计算机通常密集放置,服务器需要特别的机箱散热设计,计算机通常选用的一般PC机,计算机主机箱散热降温就成为关注的焦点。文章给出了一种主机箱散热方案的设计和具体实现,包括基于主板的CPU、显卡、内存、硬盘等部件的散热装置改装,及机箱内部线路、空气流动路线等方面的改进,形成一套完整而有效的散热方案,使计算机达到最稳定、最安全有效的工作状态。