锗光学零件8～11.5μm高效高稳定性减反射膜研究

文中讨论了用于锗上的高效高稳定性宽带红外减反射膜的设计及制备，其特点为：（１）采用了吸收较大但膜层稳定性好的膜料以保证其性能；（２）运用等效折射率理论进行膜系设计，从而保证满意的光学性能。     

色散效应对钝化硅太阳电池减反射膜系设计的影响

在考虑折射率色散效应基础上,以加权平均反射率作为评价函数,通过智能优化算法对空间硅太阳电池减反射膜进行优化设计,得到了最佳的膜厚参数,并与不考虑色散下设计的减反射膜进行了比较。对MgF2/TiO2,SiO2/TiO2双层减反射膜,与不考虑色散情形相比,考虑色散下优化后的最小加权平均反射率分别减小了36.6%和37.6%;对具有厚度为15 nm的SiO2钝化层的硅太阳电池的MgF2/TiO2,SiO2/TiO2减反射膜重新优化设计,与不考虑色散情形相比,考虑色散下优化后的最小加权平均反射率分别减小了43.9%和33.7%;对具有不同厚度钝化层的空间硅太阳电池,在考虑色散下进行了减反射膜的优化设计。结果发现,随着钝化层厚度的增加,所得减反射膜的最小加权平均反射率也随之增大,减反射效果越来越弱。最后,在考虑与未考虑色散情形下,将钝化层膜厚也作为反演参量后重新设计。结果表明:在色散情形下所设计的减反射膜更佳,对于MgF2/TiO2/SiO2（钝化层）膜系,最佳膜厚参量为d1（MgF2）=97.6 nm,d2（TiO2）=40.2 nm,d3（SiO2）=4.9 nm;对于SiO2/TiO2/SiO2（钝化层）,最佳膜厚参量为d1（SiO2）=85.1 nm,d2（TiO2）=43.4 nm,d3（SiO2）=1.8 nm。     

硒化锌基底8～12 μm高性能增透膜的研究

为了提高硒化锌基底的透过率以及膜层的机械强度,对硒化锌基底上高性能的红外宽带减反射膜的设计与制备工艺进行了研究。介绍了红外宽带减反射膜的膜料选择、膜系的设计以及采用离子束辅助沉积该膜系的过程．给出了用该方法制备的8-12μm波段宽带减反射膜的实测光谱曲线,其峰值透过率高达99％以上,在设计波段范围内平均透过率大于98％,膜层附着性能好,光机性能稳定。这对于红外光学系统的应用具有十分重要的意义。     

非晶硅太阳电池减反射膜的设计

基于非晶硅太阳电池的工作原理,对其减反射膜进行研究．根据四分之一波长作用原理得到反射率最小时的厚度优化参数．单层减反射膜选用ITO（m=2．0,d=75nm）,加权平均反射率为5．91％．双层膜选用MgF2／ITO,厚度分别为111nm和75nm,加权平均反射率为3．72％．此外,还作出反射率随波长的变化曲线,并通过计算仿真结果进行比较说明如何选材：对于单层减反射膜,采用折射率小的材料能取得更好的效果,而对于双层减反射膜,采用折射率上低下高形式,能取得更好的效果．     

空间高效硅太阳电池减反射膜设计与数值分析

结合AM0太阳光谱特性对空间硅太阳电池的减反射膜进行了设计分析,得到了最小反射时的最佳膜厚.分别讨论了单、双、三层减反射膜厚度变化对反射率的影响,并对有钝化层的SiO2(94nm)/TiO2(60nm)双层减反射膜进行了优化设计,优化后硅太阳电池的短路电流和效率分别提高了2.1%和1.4%.     

斜入射F-P型薄膜滤光片消偏振膜系的仿真分析

滤光片在斜入射时,S偏振光和P偏振光的中心波长及通带宽度会发生分离现象。本文由一种膜系设计方法,采用三种不同折射率材料,得出多层膜系结构。分别对单腔和三腔的三种实例膜系进行了计算求解及仿真分析,结果表明此方法设计的多膜滤光片具有良好的消偏特性。     

空间高效硅太阳电池减反射膜设计与数值分析

结合AM0太阳光谱特性对空间硅太阳电池的减反射膜进行了设计分析,得到了最小反射时的最佳膜厚.分别讨论了单、双、三层减反射膜厚度变化对反射率的影响,并对有钝化层的Si O2 (94 nm) / Ti O2 (6 0 nm)双层减反射膜进行了优化设计,优化后硅太阳电池的短路电流和效率分别提高了2 .1%和1.4 % .     

阴极耦合层对顶发射白光OLED器件光电性能的影响

为了分析不同阴极耦合层对顶发射白光OLED器件光电性能的影响,数值计算了半透明阴极组成的多层膜系(ETL/EIL/Mg:Ag/折射率匹配层)的透过率和损耗;同时,采用共阴极结构设计制备了顶发射白光OLED器件,并对不同折射率匹配层制备的顶发射白光OLED器件的光电特性进行了研究。结果表明:采用相同厚度LiF和Al2O3薄膜作为阴极耦合层时,多层膜系光学透过率和损耗曲线存在较大差异;在20mA/cm2电流密度下,随着观测角度的增大,采用LiF+Al2O3双层折射率匹配层制备的器件电致发光谱峰位发生蓝移,但在整个视角内,器件的色坐标均稳定在白光等能点附近,这表明顶发射白光器件的色坐标可以通过折射率匹配层调节,使得器件在较大视角范围均能实现白光发射。     

遗传算法应用于干涉滤光片的设计

为了设计参量更加优良的干涉滤光片,在光子晶体基础上,利用遗传算法设计了窄带滤光片、宽带阻滤光片宽带通滤光片。进行了总结并对需待完善的地方进行了说明。所设计干涉滤光片可以根据给定材料的折射率,计算出此滤光片的最优化透射率。结果表明,如果评价函数对膜系结构的微小变化敏感,用遗传算法对膜系的优化能获得好的结果和较高的效率。     

长波红外减反射膜及锥镜膜厚均匀性研究

红外探测因全天候、作用距离远和抗干扰性好等优点而被广泛应用。本文提出在锥镜上制备8～12μm反射率小于0.5%的长波红外减反射膜,利用Essential Macleod软件,在ZnS基片上完成了长波红外减反射膜的膜系设计。采用物理气相沉积方法,选择n=4.3@10μm的Ge做基片和镀膜材料的粘结层,n=2.2@10μm的ZnS为高折射率材料,n=1.35@10μm的YF₃为低折射率材料,完成了光学薄膜的制备。提出锥镜膜厚均匀性的补偿方法,通过使用修正后的补偿挡板,使10°锥镜薄膜厚度均匀性达到99%。利用Lamda1050光谱仪测试了锥镜的反射光谱曲线和薄膜厚度均匀性测试曲线,结果表明所研制的膜层在8～12μm处反射率均值为1.483%,对试验件开展了环境适应性测试,测试结果满足使用要求。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.