自动导星星点检测及跟踪算法研究

详细介绍了自动导星的工作原理,对自动导星的星点检测及跟踪算法进行研究,结合星点能量在星图上分布近似高斯分布的特性,提出一种稳定可靠的目标星点提取算法。算法首先分析了星点目标的阈值判断原则,根据阈值条件确定一定数量的候选星点,然后在候选星点中筛选出最优的目标星点,最后通过高斯曲线拟合的办法求取最优目标星点的质心坐标。该方法提高了目标星点提取的准确性和计算速度,实验结果表明:改进后的算法能够达到良好的效果。     

红外星图预处理及星点定位精度分析

红外星图是白天观星获取的原始数据,图中含有单点噪声和条纹噪声等多种噪声,严重影响了后续的星点提取和质心定位。针对外场观星获取的红外星图,进行了星图预处理,并分析了星点定位精度。提出了单点噪声的检测与补偿算法和条纹噪声的列均值偏移校正（CMOC）算法,还采用Wiener2 和Top-hat 组合滤波方法对星图进行进一步滤波去噪,最后使用在观测星图中加入理想模拟星点的方法计算了星点定位精度。实验结果表明,预处理算法有效抑制了红外星图中的各种噪声,星点目标峰值信噪比最多由4.7 提高到了31.3,模拟的2 等星的星点定位标准偏差量级为1/30 pixel 水平,满足工程应用的精度要求。     

星敏感器的星点定位方法研究

介绍了星敏感器的基本工作原理,分析了星图的特点．并结合星图的特点对星图阈值的确定和内插细分算法进行了研究,从理论和实践两个方面对星点定位算法进行了分析,最后确定了适合星图使用的星点定位方法。并用星敏感器对该定位方法进行了试验检验,取得了较为满意的结果。     

提高星图正确匹配率的新方法

在CCD星敏感器中,快速而可靠的星图识别算法成为星敏感器确定姿态的最关键部分。针对星图识别中误匹配点的存在,提出了一种新的剔除误匹配点的方法—累积偏差法,选取合适的判定阈值对实验数据进行筛选,并结合最小二乘曲面拟合法对实验数据进行误差分析,实验结果表明,采用此方法,可以很好地剔除星图识别中的误匹配点,在赤经(α)和赤纬(δ)方向拟合偏差平均值可达到5.267 2,″星图正确匹配概率大大提高。     

天基监视空间目标轨迹提取算法

序列星图中弱小目标的检测与定位是可见光天基监视中的关键技术之一,星图预处理的结果直接影响检测灵敏度及虚警率。文中引入一种在轨检测轨迹提取算法,该算法适用于高斯噪声的星图,由高斯最小二乘拟合、小区域滤波及星象边缘闽值分割三步组成。可抑制噪声背景减少虚假目标的同时,较好地保持星象边缘。通过算法性能分析可知,同美国天基可见关...     

基于光斑高斯拟合的大视场星相机定焦方法

针对高精度立体测绘任务对星相机的使用要求,提出了一种基于光斑高斯拟合的星相机焦面定焦方法。首先,搭建了基于星点靶标和平行光管的定焦系统,通过移动靶标在中心和边缘视场获取多幅不同程度的离焦图像;其次,采用基于平方加权的质心定位算法计算各视场靶标点像的精确位置用于像面拟合;然后,采用Gibbs采样/马尔可夫蒙特卡洛法对每个光斑进行高斯曲面拟合,获取星点的高斯半径,通过对各视场的最佳焦面位置进行最小二乘拟合,得到最佳像面。对上述定焦方法进行了试验验证,结果表明星相机在各视场的能量集中度测量值与设计值符合,星相机在轨拍摄的星点图像满足要求。     

基于星与目标拓扑结构变化差异的星图识别算法

利用星点间拓扑结构相对稳定不变的特性,本文提出了一种基于拓扑结构信息的星图识别算法。在星图预处理的基础上利用广义似然比检测算法提取包括恒星在内的目标,经交叉投影获取目标在视场中的位置,根据目标与星及星与星之间的运动连续性差异选取马氏距离与归一化相关系数作为结构相似性测度来表征星点间的结构信息,通过结构信息的变化来判断是星点还是目标,依据一定的变化准则将目标与星区分开,从而达到星图识别的目的。通过仿真实验分析验证算法的有效性和合理性。     

采用混合粒子群算法的星图识别方法

为提高大视场高灵敏度星敏感器的星图识别速度和识别成功率,提出了一种基于混合粒子群算法的星图识别方法,该方法首先根据星图中星点的灰度信息确定候选识别主星集合;然后选择该集合中的一个星点为圆心,以一定角距为半径画圆,将圆内的所有星点构成特征数据集合;然后利用混合粒子群算法对圆内的星点进行快速路径寻优;最后利用最优路径长度进行索引,并利用最优路径中前三个星点间的角距以及它们的星等信息进行匹配识别;实验结果表明,与现有识别方法相比,该方法具有高的识别率,良好的实时性和鲁棒性,且所需的导航星库容量小.     

一种运动背景序列星图弱小目标运动轨迹提取算法

提出了一种序列星图中目标的运动轨迹提取算法.利用交叉投影方法提取星点,确定包含星点的区域;提出一种基于自适应窗口选择PIV技术的序列星图全局运动参数估计算法,并对序列星图进行配准,滤除背景恒星;提出一种目标运动轨迹的提取箅法.实验结果表明该算法对于空间小目标(≥1 pixel)在序列图像中运动轨迹不连续的情况可以进行准确的运动轨迹提取,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于共有星的快速星图识别方法

提高星图识别的快速性对于提高数字天顶仪的定位效率具有重要意义。传统的数字天顶仪星图识别需要对旋转拍摄的每幅星图上所有星点单独进行识别,致使星图识别效率较低。考虑到星图间存在着共有星,对此提出了一种基于共有星的星图识别方法。首先对定位循环中间位置拍摄的两幅星图单独进行识别,然后通过建立倾斜修正模型消除了实际拍摄状态下CCD平面与水平面之间的小倾角,并在此基础上建立了星点归算模型,以此找出剩余星图与已识别星图间的共有星。实验结果表明：通过星点归算模型找出剩余星图与已识别星图间共有星后,再对新增星进行识别,大大提高了星图识别的效率。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.