湍流扰动单模光纤耦合效率概率分布研究

为了研究大气激光通信中单模光纤耦合接收效率起伏概率分布特性,建立了受大气湍流扰动的瞬态耦合效率计算模型,据此得出影响光纤耦合效率统计分布的最少无量纲参数.通过研究发现:随着孔径半径-大气相干长度比的增大,耦合效率逐渐减小;随着耦合几何参数的增大,耦合效率先增大后减小,在某一点取得最大值.通过对空间光到单模光纤的瞬态耦合效率进行蒙特卡罗模拟与分布特征分析,提出使用双Johnson SB;分布来拟合瞬态耦合效率的概率密度函数,并用实验测量数据进行了验证.研究结果可以为不同大气湍流条件下的空间光到单模光纤耦合系统参数优化设计提供参考,有助于实现光纤耦合的大气激光通信系统.     

自由空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率仿真分析

根据电磁场模场匹配理论,分析了自由空间光-布拉格光纤的耦合效率。通过对空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率的计算可以知道,耦合效率与布拉格光纤纤芯半径、焦点光斑光腰半径和纤芯波矢有关。通过优化合理选择空间光聚焦后光腰半径与布拉格光纤纤芯半径以及纤芯波矢可以有效提高耦合效率。本文还对外界振动造成耦合透镜与布拉格光纤对接不正而对空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率影响进行了分析。这对光纤激光雷达系统以及空间光通信系统的空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率分析具有极其重要的参考价值。     

自由空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率仿真分析

根据电磁场模场匹配理论,分析了自由空间光-布拉格光纤的耦合效率.通过对空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率的计算可以知道,耦合效率与布拉格光纤纤芯半径、焦点光斑光腰半径和纤芯波矢有关.通过优化合理选择空间光聚焦后光腰半径与布拉格光纤纤芯半径以及纤芯波矢可以有效提高耦合效率.本文还对外界振动造成耦合透镜与布拉格光纤对接不正而对空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率影响进行了分析.这对光纤激光雷达系统以及空间光通信系统的空间光-布拉格光纤耦合效率分析具有极其重要的参考价值.     

光纤微光开关光能传输特性分析

为了明确光纤光开关的光能传输特性,指导光纤光开关的设计、制造,利用光学设计软件ZEAMX建立了光纤光开关的仿真模型,分析了光纤对准误差对光纤耦合效率和输出光斑能量分布的影响.得出的结论是:纵向距离对耦合效率的影响不大,横向偏移和角度偏移对耦合效率的影响较大;光线经过一个玻璃和空气的界面时有3%的能量被反射;横向偏移和角度偏移将使输出光斑的能量分布不均匀、无规律.     

高速光探测器模块中的耦合理论和模拟

高速光器件的封装工艺中,光耦合占据重要的地位.文中针对一种高速光探测器中常用的光耦合方式——倾斜端面光纤到倒装芯片的耦合,提出了光纤耦合的柱透镜光学模型,并通过理论和光学软件模拟了各种封装工艺条件对耦合效率的影响.模拟结果显示,耦合效率的大小由光纤位置、芯片透镜尺寸和激光光源光斑形状共同决定.     

高速光探测器模块中的耦合理论和模拟

高速光器件的封装工艺中,光耦合占据重要的地位.文中针对一种高速光探测器中常用的光耦合方式——倾斜端面光纤到倒装芯片的耦合,提出了光纤耦合的柱透镜光学模型,并通过理论和光学软件模拟了各种封装工艺条件对耦合效率的影响.模拟结果显示,耦合效率的大小由光纤位置、芯片透镜尺寸和激光光源光斑形状共同决定.     

空间光-光纤阵列耦合自动对准实验研究

为了使空间光-光纤耦合结构具有一定的抗抖动能力,采用自聚焦透镜和多模光纤耦合阵列结构结合模拟退火算法对光纤阵列实行2维控制,自动搜寻空间光-光纤耦合最佳视轴对准姿态。对光纤阵列和模拟退火算法进行了理论分析实验验证,取得了耦合效率变化的相关数据。结果表明,通过模拟退火算法可以实现空间光-光纤视轴对准,且光斑中心在耦合端面中心抖动小于2.5mm时,耦合功率波动小于35%,满足无线激光通信系统的要求。     

水导激光技术中水-光耦合传能规律研究

水-光耦合传输效率是实现水导激光可加工性的前提与效率保证。为了研究水导激光中水-光耦合传能规律, 得到较高的水束中激光功率传输效率和均匀的激光功率密度分布, 采用光线追迹原理及物理光学传播方法, 仿真分析了1064nm激光束聚焦后的光束特性及水-光耦合后水束中激光光斑分布形态, 并对不同水束长度下激光功率传输效率, 以及不同功率、压力和水束长度下激光功率密度分布情况进行了系统的实验检测分析。结果表明, 随着水束长度的减小, 1064nm激光在水束中功率传输效率越高, 在水束长度为20mm时, 激光功率传输效率可达63.6%;激光功率的变化对水束中激光功率密度分布影响最大; 当激光功率不变时, 在水束稳定长度范围内水压的增大有利于水束中激光功率密度均匀化分布, 而耦合水束长度的减小可以提高激光传输效率。研究结果为提高水导激光中能量利用率有一定的指导意义。     

端面抽运DPAL三维模型及激光输出特性的模拟研究

根据激光三能级速率方程理论,考虑抽运光聚焦的空间分布,建立三维DPAL速率方程组的理论模型,结合激光系统运行的边界条件,通过数值方法,对模型进行求解,对端面抽运铷蒸气激光器的输出特性进行了详细分析,包括抽运光聚焦光斑半径、聚焦位置、蒸气池长度等参量对模式匹配效率、阈值抽运功率和斜率效率的影响。在模式匹配最佳时,计算了对介质长度对激光输出和阈值的影响。根据抽运光功率,以获得最大激光输出功率为目标,给出了激光器系统的优化参数,包括介质长度、抽运光聚焦在介质中的聚焦位置、输出耦合反射率。     

一种端面泵浦固体激光器的泵浦耦合方法

泵浦光与振荡光之间的高效耦合是改善泵浦转换效率和输出光束质量的有效途径,也是激光技术领域的研究热点。对光纤耦合激光二极管端面泵浦Nd3+∶YAG激光器的泵浦耦合方法进行了研究,提出了一种通过CCD观察泵浦光在离轴状态下输出光的高阶模光斑分布,判断泵浦光与振荡光耦合效果,进而调整泵浦光的空间位置获得近似高斯光束的泵浦耦合方法,该方法简单实用,对调整泵浦光以改善输出光束质量有一定的参考作用。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks