拉曼光谱-聚类分析法快速鉴别掺伪花生油

目的建立快速鉴别掺伪花生油的拉曼光谱.聚类分析方法。方法以不同产地、不同品牌的多批次花生油、大豆油、玉米油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、精炼棕榈油、精炼棉籽油及精炼地沟油为样品,在780 nm和532 nm激光光源下,扫描和比较其普通、扩展及导数拉曼光谱的形态。结果在532 nm激光光源的扩展光谱及一阶导数光谱中,花生油与低价植物油及精炼地沟油光谱的信息量最大,样品间光谱形态的差异显著,谱峰得到有效分离。基于此全波段光谱信息和形态建立的多步聚类分析模型及鉴别程序对36份不同花生油、105份不同低价植物油、30份仿冒花生油和38份不同精炼地沟油的判别正确率均为100%,对180份5%及以上的掺假花生油的判别正确率达86%以上,对75份5%及以上的掺杂花生油的判别正确率为92%,对72份5%及以上的掺杂植物油的判别正确率达92%以上。样品测量时无需制备样品及消耗化学试剂,测量和分析一份样品仅耗时5 min左右。结论所建立的拉曼光谱.聚类分析模型既可准确鉴定花生油,还可准确鉴定各种类型的掺伪花生油,可实现对掺伪花生油的快速、无损和准确鉴别。     

基于拉曼光谱-聚类分析快速鉴别掺伪油茶籽油

在532 nm激光光源的扩展拉曼光谱及一阶导数光谱中,油茶籽油与低价植物油及精炼地沟油光谱形态的差异显著,谱峰得到有效分离。基于全波段光谱信息和形态建立的多步聚类分析模型既可准确鉴定油茶籽油,还可准确鉴定各种类型的掺伪油茶籽油。对26份不同油茶籽油、105份不同低价植物油、75份5%及以上的掺杂油茶籽油和38份不同精炼地沟油的判别正确率均为100%,对5%及以上的180份掺假油茶籽油和72份掺杂植物油的判别正确率达92%以上。样品测量时无需制备样品及消耗化学试剂,测量和分析1份样品仅耗时5 min左右,可实现对掺伪油茶籽油的快速、无损和准确鉴别。     

拉曼光谱-聚类分析快速鉴别掺伪芝麻油

目的建立快速鉴别掺伪芝麻油的拉曼光谱-聚类分析方法。方法以不同产地、不同品牌的多批次芝麻油、大豆油、玉米油、菜籽油、精炼棕榈油、精炼棉籽油及精炼地沟油为样品,在780 nm和532 nm激光光源下,扫描和比较其普通、扩展及导数拉曼光谱的形态。结果在532 nm激光光源的扩展光谱及一阶导数光谱中,芝麻油与低价植物油及精炼地沟油光谱的信息量最大,样品间光谱形态的差异显著。基于此全波段光谱信息和形态建立的多步聚类分析模型对芝麻油、低价植物油、仿冒芝麻油和精炼地沟油的判别正确率均为100%;对5%、10%、20%、30%和50%掺假芝麻油的判别正确率分别为72%、92%、100%、100%和100%;对5%、10%和20%掺杂芝麻油的判别正确率分别为97%、100%和100%;对5%、10%和20%掺杂植物油的判别正确率分别为94%、100%和100%。样品测量时无需制备样品及消耗化学试剂,测量和分析一份样品仅耗时5 min左右。结论所建立的拉曼光谱-聚类分析模型既可准确鉴定芝麻油,还可准确鉴定各种类型的掺伪芝麻油,可实现对掺伪芝麻油的快速、无损和准确鉴别。     

基于拉曼光谱技术的地沟油筛查方法研究

以10个品种的138个食用植物成品油、38个精炼地沟油和80个由食用植物成品油和精炼地沟油勾兑的油为样品,采用532 nm激光光源,分别在2个波数范围内扫描样品的拉曼谱图,通过谱图形态比对及谱图数据分析筛查鉴别地沟油与食用植物成品油。结果表明:138个食用植物成品油和38个精炼地沟油的判定准确率均达到100%;5%、10%、20%地沟油勾兑样品的判定准确率分别为40%,63%及85%,且判定结果之间逻辑性完整。该方法不但具有检测成本低、检测时间短、样品用量小等优点,而且可以有效控制假阳性率,较适于作为地沟油筛查方法,与其他确认方法联合使用可有效鉴别地沟油。     

基于PCA-SVM结合共聚焦拉曼光谱的特级 初榨橄榄油掺伪压榨菜籽油定量分析

为了促进国内橄榄油市场的健康发展，对掺伪同样存在天然类胡萝卜素的低温压榨菜籽油的特级初榨橄榄油进行了定量鉴别研究。采用共聚焦拉曼光谱技术对不同掺伪浓度油样进行测试，基于密度泛函理论对油样的拉曼光谱峰的归属进行了理论分析，并对拉曼光谱数据进行主成分分析（PCA），然后利用支持向量机（SVM）构建PCA-SVM模型。另外，对PCA-SVM模型的检出限进行了研究。结果表明：特级初榨橄榄油与低温压榨菜籽油的拉曼光谱存在一定差异，最明显的光谱差异主要集中在谱峰1 008、1 161、1 528 cm-1和谱段2 800～3 000 cm-1内，与密度泛函理论对不同油样拉曼光谱峰的分析一致；不考虑类胡萝卜素特征信号建立的PCA-SVM模型决定系数大于0.989，均方根误差小于2.990%，检出限为2%（低温压榨菜籽油体积分数）;在特级初榨橄榄油掺伪定量分析中，考虑类胡萝卜素的特征信号有助于提高模型预测精度，但仅限于掺伪低价植物油中无类胡萝卜素存在的情况;PCA-SVM模型在不考虑类胡萝卜素特征信号的情况下依然具有良好的定量预测效果。综上，所建立的PCA-SVM模型可以用于掺伪2%以上低温压榨菜籽油的特级初榨橄榄油的定量鉴别。     

便携式激光拉曼光谱法快速鉴别橄榄油掺假

目的采用便携式激光拉曼光谱仪,建立激光拉曼光谱对橄榄油进行快速鉴别的方法。方法对橄榄油样品进行光谱扫描及基线校正后,以1440 cm-1作为参考波数,对拉曼光谱数据进行归一化处理。结果对80余份橄榄油样品进行统计分析,发现75%的样品在1265 cm-1的拉曼光谱强度值低于540。特级初榨橄榄油中掺加果渣油,会使1265 cm-1和1650 cm-1的特征峰增强,1525 cm-1处的精细结构变小直至消失。结论拉曼光谱具有便捷、快速、无损分析的特点,可作为橄榄油真伪鉴别在线初步筛查的工具。     

近红外全波段扫描技术建立数学模型鉴别地沟油方法研究

以7个品种的77份合格食用植物油、28份不合格植物油和118份地沟油作为研究对象,利用二极管阵列近红外光谱仪,以10 nm为步长对所有样品进行950~1 650 nm全波段扫描,通过对不同组别扫描数据的差异化分析,建立特征波长下不同组别的数学模型,鉴别地沟油与合格食用植物油及不合格植物油。结果表明：通过统计学分析手段建立的数学模型,对原始数据分类准确率为96.0%,交叉验证准确率为95.5%,该模型对未知样品的判定准确率达到95%以上。表明基于近红外全波段扫描技术鉴别地沟油的分析是可行的,且该方法具有操作简单、检测成本低、样品用量小等特点,可作为地沟油快速筛查方法使用。     

拉曼光谱结合距离匹配法快速鉴别掺伪食用油

以农贸市场购买的散装问题油为掺伪物,采用大豆油和玉米油为简单背景制备掺伪样本65份,采用4类食用调和油为复杂背景制备掺伪样本40份,收集市售合格食用植物油样本27份。按样本数3∶1划分建模集和校验集,采用拉曼光谱和距离匹配法分别建立简单背景和复杂背景的食用油掺伪快速定性识别模型:在简单背景掺伪下采用全谱建模预测可得真样本识别率为85.7%,伪样本识别率为94.1%,总识别率为91.7%;在复杂背景掺伪下经谱区挑选优化建模预测可得真样本识别率为87.5%,伪样本识别率为100%,总识别率为94.4%。试验结果表明拉曼光谱结合距离匹配法能简单、有效、快速地检测食用植物油是否掺伪。     

常见植物油鉴别及掺伪的气相色谱新检测法

用气相色谱法分析测定了常见植物油脂酸组成与含量,对其有关实验条件进行了优选,获得常见植物油脂脂肪酸组成与含量正常值。测定模拟掺伪常见植物油脂脂肪酸组成与含量,获得掺伪常见植物油脂脂肪酸组成与含量的变化规律。建立了常见植物油油品的鉴别及其掺伪的气相色谱检测法,可快速鉴别常见植物油的种类,对常见植物油是否掺掺伪可作出快速判别,同时对掺伪植物油可作定性、定量分析。用本法对市场销售食用植物油进行抽检,共抽检了262件油样,检出掺伪芝麻油83件、掺伪菜油47件,掺伪花生油菜23件,掺伪橄榄油11件,掺伪量10%～95%不等。表明这种方法行之有效的。     

电子舌快速检测食用植物油掺伪

目的应用法国Alpha M.O.S公司生产的传感器型味觉电子舌系统对3组不同程度掺伪的食用植物油进行掺伪检测。方法选取6种不同类型植物油,用20%的乙醇浸泡后超声,静置隔夜,将油脂中的味觉信息提取出来,由电子舌自动进样系统采集原始数据,所得样品数据用主成分分析法、判别因子法进行分析。结果 2种方法均能较好地检测区分不同的食用植物油样品,大部分的指纹分辨指数高于95分。此方法可以区分不同榨取工艺或不同产地的同种类油脂,可鉴别的掺伪检测限为0.1%。结论本实验鉴别精确度远大于常规的油脂检测方法,且具有较高的灵敏度,能够快速有效地鉴别不同种类食用植物油并区分不同掺杂比例的油脂样品。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press