Mg-Li二元合金热处理中α相的表层偏聚现象

研究了α相在Mg-Li二元合金热处理过程中的表层偏聚现象.研究结果表明:当升温速度不低于10℃/min、保温温度高于300℃且试样的表面积和封存空气比例大于1/40(mm-1)条件热处理过程中,镁锂二元合金会出现单-α相在表层的偏聚现象;偏聚层厚度变化趋势随着空气含量的增加先增加后减小,当试样的表面积与空气含量达到1/16(mm-1)时,厚度值最大;冷却速度对偏聚层的致密性有影响,冷却速度越快,致密性越好.     

硼向奥氏晶界的扩散机制

通过解变温扩散方程,导出了硼在非平衡晶界偏聚的理论公式,建立了晶界贫硼区宽度与淬火加热温度、冷却速度以及非平衡晶界偏聚扩散激活能与扩散常数之间的关系,理论预言与实验结果能较好地吻合.     

奥氏体晶界的硼偏聚对合金钢淬透性的影响

讨论了加硼合金钢在奥氏体化过程中,硼向奥氏体晶界扩散而造成的晶界硼偏聚,它阻止了新相形核,该理论能很好地解释微量硼提高合金钢淬透性的机理.     

高强马氏体钢长期时效过程中的微偏聚现象

１４％Ｃｒ－５％Ｎｉ（质量分数）马氏体钢热处理后在４００℃长期时效，强度增加，韧性降低，合金脆化，经分析表明，合金脆化与有害元素Ｐ和合金元素Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ等在原始奥氏体晶界上的微偏聚过程有关。     

稀土(铈)变质处理Fe-Cr-B合金组织研究

研究了稀土(铈)变质处理时Fe-Cr-B合金组织的影响.结果表明,变质处理后的Fe-Cr-B合金的铸态组织明显细化;原来在晶界处分布的连续的、网状的硼化物转变成为不连续的短杆状和粒状的形态,表明稀土对Fe-Cr-B合金有明显的变质效果.     

非平衡晶界偏聚的临界时间问题研究

以近期建立起来的非平衡晶界偏聚模型为基础，介绍了非平衡晶界偏聚动力学理论。该理论引入了临界时间概念，将等温过程中溶质原子的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学过程分为偏聚过程与反偏聚过程。对等温过程中的临界时间公式进行了理论分析与实验验证，证实了临界时间公式用于预测溶质原子非平衡晶界偏聚量达到极大值的恒温时间的准确性。并且研究了等温过程中的临界时间与连续冷却过程中的有效时间之间的区别和联系，将连续冷却过程等效为恒温过程，利用恒温动力学方程计算连续冷却过程中溶质原子的偏聚量。     

硼向晶界扩散机理的研究

通过解变温扩散方程,导出非平衡晶界偏聚的数学表达式,建立了晶界贫硼局域尺寸与淬火加热温度、冷却速度以及非平衡晶界偏聚扩散激活能与扩散系数之间的关系,所得结果与实验结果相一致.     

中碳合金奥氏体内C-Me偏聚与异常分解

根据由固体和分子经验电子论提出的奥氏体内C -Me偏聚理论 ,利用奥氏体过冷分解转变的规律 ,通过控制冷却技术使中碳合金奥氏体发生异常分解     

等温保持状态下非平衡晶界偏聚动力学的研究

海军舰艇主机及核动力设备中，壁温在570－590℃以及壁温为540℃左右的蒸气道和集箱用钢，长期在回火脆性温度范围服役，会由于磷的晶界偏聚而导致沿晶间的脆性断裂。为此介绍了等温保持状态下磷的非平稳晶界偏聚动力学的研究进展，建立了非平衡偏聚过程和反偏聚过程动力学方程，依此可计算某一温度下任意时刻的晶界偏聚量，并求出对应最大偏聚量的临界时间，从而可以预报钢的晶界脆性，为钢的晶界生控制研究提供了依据。     

磷的非平衡晶界偏聚恒温动力学实验及计算研究

选用12Cr1MoV工业用钢,通过俄歇电子能谱分析方法(AES),对磷在1050℃固溶处理温度下,540℃恒温时效过程中的非平衡晶界偏聚浓度进行了测试,在国际上首次获得了磷在钢中的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学完整曲线,该曲线直接验证了由徐庭栋提出的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学理论模型.论文还进行了非平衡晶界偏聚动力学计算,求出了12Cr1MoV钢在540℃恒温过程中复合体的扩散系数Dc及磷原子的自扩散系数Di,并应用非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程进行了动力学曲线模拟,拟合曲线与实验曲线符合完好.证实了非平衡晶界偏聚的空位-溶质原子复合体扩散机制.     

Effect of dislocation configuration on non—equilibrium boron segregation during cooling

Different densities and configurations of crystal defects were obtained in an austenitic Fe-30% Ni alloy and an ultra low carbon bainitic(ULCB) alloy by undergoing different deformations and annealing treatments at high temperatures.Boron segregation on grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries during air-cooling were revealed by means of the particle tracking autoradiography technique.It is found that non-equilibrium segregation is resisted in deformed grains after recovery and polygonization,borondepleted zones seem to be quite clear in recrystallized grains than those in deformed original grains during cooling.Subgrain boundaries and polygonized dislocation cells have a significant effect on non-equilibrium boron segregation during the air-cooling.The results implicates that dislocation configuration is a more important factor affecting boron segregation at grain boundaries rather than the density of defects itself in the grain.     

Theoretical progress in non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation (I): Thermally induced non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation and intergranular embrittlement

The research progress of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation theories in the last 20 years is reviewed. Based on studies by the present authors, the critical time of non-equilibrium segregation and its impact on the development of non-equilibrium segregation theories are described. Quasi-thermo-dynamics and kinetics for thermal non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation are detailed along with a non-equilibrium grain boundary cosegregation model. The experimental validation of the theories and their application to the reversible temper embrittlement of steels and the intermediate temperature brittleness in metals and alloys are also addressed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50771036)     

Non—equilibrium Segregation of boron on grain boundary in Fe—30% Ni alloy

The moving boundary non-equilibrium segregation during recrystallization and the influence of pre-deformation in Fe-30% Ni Alloy at 1000℃ was investigated by the PTA9Particle tracking autoradiography)technique,optical and electron microscopy.The results indicated that intensity of bron segregation on moving boundary after different deformation is concerned with the pre-deformation degree and the moving speed of the boundary,The TEM(transmission electron microscopy)result showd that the dislocation density nearby the moving boundary increase obviously.The phenomena are discussed by the widening grain boundary mechanism.     

Theoretical progress in non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation (Ⅰ): Thermally induced non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation and intergranular embrittlement

The research progress of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation theories in the last 20 years is reviewed. Based on studies by the present authors, the critical time of non-equilibrium segregation and its impact on the development of non-equilibrium segregation theories are described. Quasi- thermo- dynamics and kinetics for thermal non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation are detailed along with a non-equilibrium grain boundary cosegregation model. The experimental validation of the theories and thei...     

Effect of Cu on the boron segregation at grain boundaries and vacancy-type defects in ultra-low carbon micro-alloy steels

By thermal neutron irradiation particle tracking autoradiography(PTA)technique,the development of boron segregation at grain boundaries in ultra-low carbon micro-alloy steels was investigated during cooling from 1150°C to 850°C,and the effect of Cu on boron segregation at grain boundaries was discussed.By positron annihilation lifetime(PAL)technique,the changes of vacancy-type defects with temperatures and the effect of Cu on vacancy-type defects in the cooling process were discussed.Results show that,the concentration of boron at grain boundaries increases rapidly at the beginning of the cooling;after that,it begins to decrease;and then,it increases gradually again.The addition of Cu not only increases the concentration of boron at grain boundaries but also speeds up the development process of boron segregation at grain boundaries.During the continuous cooling process,the addition of Cu significantly affects the change of vacancy-type defects with temperatures in ultra-low carbon micro-alloy steels.     

Dynamic process of trace boron non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and the effect of cooling rate

The dynamic process of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation of trace boron in Fe-40%Ni alloy during cooling and the effect of cooling rate were investigated by boron tracking autoradiography technique. The results indicate that during cooling process, the amount of segregated boron on grain boundary firstly increases fast, then enters a comparatively even increasing stage and increases rapidly again at the third stage. The details of each stage varied with cooling rate are explained. When the segregation develops to a certain degree, the segregated boron atoms transform from solute status to precipitate status.     

Effects of cerium on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy

ZK60-xcerium alloys were studied,where x mass fraction is 0, 0.52%, 0.94%, 1.51% and 1.98%, respectively. Influence of Ce contents and heat-treatment on microstructure and tensile properties was analyzed. The results show that cast ZK60 alloy containing no Ce has coarse crystal grains, and lots of segregation aggregates around the grain-boundary. However, the alloys containing Ce have refined grains, and grain-boundaries are purified at the same time. Obvious dynamic recrystallization occurs in tested alloys after hot-extrusion. Tensile strength heightens with the increase of Ce content, and grows higher after aging at 150℃ for 0 -24 h （T5 treatment）. Comparing tensile properties of investigated alloys in different states, it can be concluded that synthetical properties of the alloy with 1.51% Ce addition is the best of all. In extruded state, σb and δ of this alloy are 318.6 MPa and 14.4%, respectively. After aging for 24 h ,σb is 338.6 MPa and δ is 15.6%.     

硼及快淬工艺对La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的微观结构及电化学容量的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系(PuNi3型)贮氢合金La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Bx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2),分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学容量,研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学容量的影响.结果表明,铸态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相(PuNi3型)、LaNi5相,一定量的LaNi2相和微量的Ni2B相,经快淬处理后Ni2B相消失.硼的加入对铸态及快淬态合金的容量产生不同的影响,铸态合金的容量随硼含量的增加而单调下降,而快淬态合金的容量随硼含量的增加有一极大值.快淬处理对含硼及不含硼合金的容量也有不同的影响,随淬速的增加,不含硼合金的容量单调下降,而含硼合金的容量可以获得一个极大值.     

钛基二元纳米合金形成焓的尺寸效应

基于计算合金形成焓的改进Miedema模型和考虑纳米颗粒表面效应,研究了钛基二元纳米合金形成焓的尺寸和成分效应.计算结果表明钛基二元合金纳米颗粒的形成焓依赖颗粒尺寸,显示了明显的尺寸效应.纳米颗粒的形成焓随粒径的减小而增大,当粒径减小到某一临界尺寸时,纳米合金的形成焓由负值转变为正值,从而降低了纳米颗粒的热稳定性.当颗粒粒径小于10 nm时,纳米颗粒发生成分聚集,这种成分聚集发生的趋势取决于纳米合金的表面形成焓.     

Effect of boron on hot strips of low carbon steel produced by compact strip production

The effect of boron on hot strips of low carbon steel produced by compact strip production (CSP) to reduce the strength to a certain degree was investigated, which is quite different from that of high-strength low alloy steel. The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of the hot strip were studied using optical microscopy and tensile tests. By means of an electrolytic dissolution technique and Thermo-Cal calculation, the precipitates containing boron were analyzed and detected. From the electron back-scattered diffraction analysis, it can be deciphered whether the microstructure has recrystallized or not. Furthermore, the effect of boron segregation on the recrystallization or non-recrystallization conditions can be distinguished. The segregation behavior of boron was investigated in boron-containing steel. The nonequilibrium segregation of boron during processing was discussed on the basis of the forming complexes with vacancies that migrate to the boundaries prior to annihilation, which was confirmed by the sub-sequent cold rolling with annealing experiments.