热喷涂TiB2-Ni复合涂层组织结构和力学性能

采用团聚烧结方法制备TiB₂-Ni复合粉末喂料,并采用大气等离子喷涂和高速火焰喷涂两种喷涂方法制备了TiB₂-Ni涂层,比较分析了两种涂层的显微组织、物相组成、孔隙率、硬度和断裂韧性.结果表明,与等离子喷涂相比,高速火焰喷涂制备的TiB₂-Ni涂层具有更高的致密度,TiB₂含量,硬度和断裂韧性.两种涂层中TiB₂都没有发生明显的脱硼,氧化,但等离子喷涂过程中TiB₂向金属相中发生了溶解生成了大量脆性Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆相,并降低了涂层中TiB₂的含量,这是涂层硬度和断裂韧性相对较低的主要原因.     

等离子喷涂氮化硼纳米片增强Ni3Al复合涂层的摩擦学性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在钛合金表面制备出六方氮化硼纳米片(BNNP)增强Ni₃Al复合涂层。结果表明,涂层物相主要为原位生成的Ni₃Al和少量Al₂O₃。相比于Ni₃Al涂层,BNNP优异的力学性能和自润滑性能赋予复合涂层良好的减摩耐磨性能,其耐磨性能提高了约1.5倍。Ni₃Al涂层的主要磨损机制是脆性断裂和三体磨粒磨损,BNNP/Ni₃Al复合涂层的主要磨损机制则转变为轻微的磨粒磨损,且磨损表面BNNP润滑转移膜的形成有益于抑制对磨偶件的接触损伤。     

等离子喷涂制备镍基Al2O3-TiB2金属陶瓷涂层

利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了机械合金化对Ni、Al、TiO₂、B₂O₃混合粉末组织的影响。采用等离子喷涂在铝合金基体表面制备了Al₂O₃-TiB₂金属陶瓷涂层,并对涂层进行了显微硬度的测试。结果表明,30%Ni-(Al-TiO₂-B₂O₃)粉末球磨20 h后作为喷涂原料效果最好;在铝合金基体表面成功制备了Al₂O₃-TiB₂金属陶瓷涂层,涂层显微硬度高于铝合金,达到了1400 HV0.1。     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

AZ31B合金热化学反应热喷涂复相陶瓷涂层制备及性能

采用机械球磨和PVA（聚乙烯醇）造粒制成喷涂复合粉末,采用热化学反应火焰喷涂技术,在镁合金AZ31B表面制备Al2O3,基复相陶瓷涂层．利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）分析了喷涂复合粉末和复合陶瓷涂层的组成及形貌,并对涂层的热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试．结果表明,复合粉末经12h球磨后有化学反...     

AZ31B镁合金表面SHS反应热喷涂复相陶瓷涂层的制备及性能

采用SHS反应火焰喷涂技术,把Al-TiO2-B2O3铝热反应剂引入喷涂材料中,采用机械球磨和聚乙烯醇(PVA)造粒制成喷涂复合粉末,在镁合金AZ31B表面制备Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层.利用XRD和SEM分析了喷涂复合粉末和复合陶瓷涂层的组成及形貌,并对涂层的热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:复合粉末经12 h球磨后发生铝热反应,粉末呈球形及少量片状,造粒后形成相互包覆的球形结构.涂层中生成TiB2、MgAl2O4等新相.该复合涂层熔化较充分,涂层与基体结合紧密,界面处Mg元素有扩散.复合涂层热震次数可达45次,清漆封孔后,孔隙率为0%,致密性很好,最大显微硬度值达1224 HV0.1,耐磨性比镁合金基体提高8倍以上.涂层热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性明显优于普通热喷涂陶瓷涂层.     

激光原位制备Cr-Fe-Al-Ti-C复合涂层

用CrFe、FeAl、Ti和304不锈钢粉末为涂层原材料,在哈氏合金表面利用火焰喷涂和激光原位合成技术制备了Cr-Fe-Al-Ti-C复合涂层。借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和显微硬度仪等分别对复合涂层表面宏观形貌、微观组织结构以及显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,复合粉末CrFe、FeAl和Ti质量比为2:2:1时,涂层表面较光整,无气孔、裂纹和过熔等缺陷。激光原位合成含有Cr₂O₃、Al₂O₃、Cr₇C₃、SiC等硬质陶瓷相的3种复合涂层组织弥散均匀分布,无凹坑和裂纹等缺陷,复合涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合。3种复合涂层的显微硬度值较基材均有显著提高,最高达974.9 HV0.2,约为基材硬度的4倍。     

超音速激光沉积制备7075/Al2O3复合涂层的显微组织及性能研究

超音速激光沉积是将超音速冷喷涂和激光辐照加热有机结合的一种新型复合材料表面处理技术,具有可制备硬质金属复合涂层、沉积效率高等优点。本工作利用超音速激光沉积技术在7B04铝合金基体上制备硬质铝合金7075与陶瓷颗粒Al₂O₃的复合涂层,系统研究激光功率对涂层的沉积特性和力学性能的影响规律。采用场发射电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计等仪器,对涂层的显微组织、相成分和显微硬度进行表征分析,结果表明：随着激光功率的增加,涂层的厚度、致密度、沉积效率、硬度以及涂层中Al₂O₃颗粒的分散性和相对沉积效率逐渐增加。当激光功率为600 W时,涂层的沉积厚度达1543μm,孔隙率为0.05%,涂层中Al₂O₃粉末颗粒的相对沉积效率达到峰值65%,HV硬度达到1911 MPa。当激光功率提升至900 W时,涂层的厚度、沉积效率增速放缓,孔隙率显著增加,涂层发生氧化相变,Al₂O₃粉末的相...     

超音速火焰喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的抗氧化性能

采用喷雾造粒、化学冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合粉体,并采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合涂层。采用SEM、XRD和马弗炉对该涂层和粉体的显微结构和抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒表面均匀致密的包覆着一层NiCoCrAlY合金,NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合粉体呈球形,颗粒大小均匀。超音速火焰喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合涂层与基体结合良好,涂层孔隙率仅为（0.41±0.05）%。涂层抗氧化性能良好,氧化动力学曲线分为3个阶段：大斜率直线阶段,系数较小的抛物线阶段和斜率几乎为零的直线阶段。涂层在850 ℃氧化96 h以后,涂层氧化增重为2.5 mg·cm^-2左右。复合涂层中氧化物膜的形成和Al₂O₃硬质相的加入是涂层抗氧化性能提高的主要原因。     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔MCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了MCrAlY涂层,并用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了TiAl合金、等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层及激光重熔MCrAlY涂层850℃下75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl(质量分数)混合盐浸泡热腐蚀性能,分析了不同试样的热腐蚀破坏机理,并讨论了激光重熔处理对涂层热腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层能显著提高TiAl合金的耐热腐蚀性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其耐热腐蚀性能.MCrAlY涂层在高温熔盐中的热腐蚀发生的是表面氧化反应和内部硫化反应,主要生成Al₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,NiO,NiCr₂O₄,Ni₃S₂及CrS等腐蚀产物.     

纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层结构与性能的影响

大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的孔隙率高,提高等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的致密度成为亟待解决的问题。在TC4钛合金表面采用大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合粉和ZrC-ZrSi_2-Al_2O_3复合粉分别制备两种复合涂层。研究纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层组织结构与性能的影响。结果表明,添加了Al_2O_3的ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的组织结构更为致密,相较于ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层具有更优异的力学性能。熔点相对较低的Al_2O_3能够在喷涂焰流中先熔化,熔融态的Al_2O_3能够填充在ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的孔洞处,提高复合涂层的致密度,改善涂层的力学性能。研究成果可为提高大气等离子喷涂制备含高熔点组分复合涂层的致密度提供指导。     

热处理对机械合金化Ni/Ti冷喷涂层金属间化合物形成的影响

选择了三种球磨时间制备的Ni/Ti机械合金化粉末,通过冷喷涂制备了不同结构的Ni/Ti涂层.涂层组织结构采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征分析.试验发现,随着粉末球磨时间的增加,热处理后的冷喷涂合金转变为金属间化合物的温度下降,涂层的组成相由Ni3Ti,B2-NiTi和Ti2Ni逐渐变成Ni3Ti和Ti2Ni;随着热处理温度的增加,涂层组织中不同成分的金属间化合物的相对量会发生一定改变.结果表明,热处理过程中形成的B2-NiTi金属间化合物在冷却时表现出较高的稳定性.     

Microstructure and Adhesion Strength of Ni<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti Coating Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and HVOF

In the present work we report the development of Ni₃Ti intermetallic compound by high energy ball milling of Ni and Ti powders. The ball milled powders were taken at various intervals (4, 6, 8, 10, and 11 h) to analyze the formation of Ni _x Ti _x intermetallic compounds. The ball milled powders were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The layered shaped powder particles of Ni₃Ti phase were formed after 11 h of ball milling, which was confirmed by X-ray peaks. Further High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process was used to coat Ni₃Ti and Ni₃Ti + (Cr₃C₂ + 20NiCr) on MDN 420 steel. Both the coated materials displayed excellent cohesion with minimal porosity less than 2%. The tensile adhesion strength test was carried out on these coatings to check the bond strength. Out of the two the Ni₃Ti coating showed excellent bond strength of 41.04 MPa compared to that of Ni₃Ti + (Cr₃C₂ + 20NiCr) coating.     

Kinetic study of non-isothermal crystallization in Al80Fe10Ti5Ni5 metallic glass

This study investigated the crystallization behavior of a kinetically metastable Al₈₀Fe₁₀Ti₅Ni₅ amorphous phase. The Al₈₀Fe₁₀Ti₅Ni₅ amorphous phase was synthesized via the mechanical alloying of elemental powders of Al, Fe, Ti, and Ni. The microstructures and crystallization kinetics of the as-milled and annealed powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transition electron microscopy, and non-isothermal differential thermal analysis techniques. The results demonstrated that an Al₈₀Fe₁₀Ti₅Ni₅ amorphous phase was obtained after 40 h of ball milling. The produced amorphous phase exhibited one-stage crystallization on heating, i.e., the amorphous phase transforms into nanocrystalline Al₁₃(Fe,Ni)₄ (40 nm) and Al₃Ti (10 nm) intermetallic phases. The activation energy for the crystallization of the alloy evaluated from the Kissinger equation was approximately 538±5 kJ/mol using the peak temperature of the exothermic reaction. The Avrami exponent or reaction order n indicates that the nucleation rate decreases with time and the crystallization is governed by a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth. These results provide new opportunities for structure control through innovative alloy design and processing techniques.     

Structure and phase-composition of Ti-doped gas atomized Raney-type Ni catalyst precursor alloys

Raney-type Ni precursor alloys containing 75 at.% Al and doped with 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 at.% Ti have been produced by a gas atomization process. The resulting powders have been classified by size fraction with subsequent investigation by powder XRD, SEM and EDX analysis. The undoped powders contain, as expected, the phases Ni₂Al₃, NiAl₃ and an Al-eutectic. The Ti-doped powders contain an additional phase with the TiAl₃ DO₂₂ crystal structure. However, quantitative analysis of the XRD results indicate a far greater fraction of the TiAl₃ phase is present than could be accounted for by a simple mass balance on Ti. This appears to be a (Ti_xNi_1−x)Al₃ phase in which higher cooling rates favour small x (low Ti-site occupancy by Ti atoms). SEM and EDX analysis reveal that virtually all the available Ti is contained within the TiAl₃ phase, with negligible Ti dissolved in either the Ni₂Al₃ or NiAl₃ phases.     

Synthesis of titanium aluminide coatings on aluminum and titanium surfaces by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing

Intermetallic Ti-Al-based coatings were synthesized by mechanical alloying in a vibratory ball mill and subsequent annealing. A titanium layer was deposited on aluminum specimens and an aluminum layer and aluminum-titanium mixture were deposited on titanium specimens. Under the effect of milling balls, powder particles deposit at the substrates, forming layers that have a very good cohesion with the substrate. During subsequent heating, diffusion layers on the basis of titanium-aluminum phases are synthesized as a result of the chemical interaction between titanium and aluminum. In the case of titanium layer deposited on aluminum, the temperature interval of transformations is 600–650°C; first, a Ti₃Al₅-based phase is formed; then, as diffusion saturation with Al increases, an Al₂Ti-based layer appears; and finally, the Al₃Ti compound is formed. The reaction rates depend on the temperature and the duration of annealing. On titanium with a (Ti + Al) layer deposited on its surface, the Al₃Ti, Al₂Ti, TiAl, and Ti₃Al compounds are formed in a temperature interval of 600–900°C. In the case of deposition a homogeneous aluminum layer on titanium, only Al₃Ti and Ti₃Al phases were observed after annealing.     

SiO2–Al2O3–glass composite coating on Ti–6Al–4V alloy: Oxidation and interfacial reaction behavior

A SiO₂–Al₂O₃–glass composite coating was prepared on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by air spraying and subsequent firing. The oxidation behavior of the specimens at 800 °C and 900 °C for 100 h was studied. The thermal shock resistance of the coating was tested by heating up to 900 °C and then quenching in water. The composite coating acted as an oxygen migration barrier and exhibited good resistance against high temperature oxidation, thermal shock, and oxygen permeation on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Coating/alloy interfacial reaction occurred, forming a Ti₅Si₃/Ti₃Al bilayer structure. A thin Al₂O₃ rich layer formed beneath the composite coating during oxidation at 900 °C.     

The mechanical milling of Al/TiO2 composite powders

The processing of Al/TiO₂ composite powders produced by high-energy mechanical milling leads to production of a range of valuable, titanium-based materials. They include Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti_xAl_y(O)/Al₂O₃ composite powders, bulk composites and Ti₃Al/TiAl alloy powders, and corresponding bulk materials. The strength of the Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti_xAl_y(O)/Al₂O₃ composites is moderate, but their high-temperature oxidation resistance is exceptionally high, making the titanium-based composite powders favorable feedstock materials for protective coatings. The hardness of the Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti₃Al(O)/Al₂O₃ composites is also very high (10–16 GPa). For more information, contact D.L. Zhang, University of Waikato, Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials and Process Engineering, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand; 011-64-7-838-4783; fax 011-64-7-838-4835; e-mail d.zhang@waikato.ac.nz.     

Peculiarities of ball-milling induced crystalline–amorphous transformation in Cu–Zr–Al–Ni–Ti alloys

An amorphization process in (Cu₄₉Zr_45−xAl_6+x)_100−y−zNi_yTi_z (x = 1, y, z = 0; 5; 10) induced by ball-milling is reported in the present work. The aim was investigation of the effect of Ni and Ti addition to Cu₄₉Zr₄₅Al₆ and Cu₄₉Zr₄₄Al₇ based alloys as well as type of initial phases on the amorphization processes. Also the milling time sufficient for obtaining fully amorphous state was determined. The entire milling process lasted 25 h. Drastic structural changes were observed in each alloy after first 5 h of milling. In most cases, after 15 h of milling the powders had fully amorphous structure according to XRD except for those ones, where TEM revealed a few nanosized crystalline particles in the amorphous matrix. In (Cu₄₉Zr₄₅Al₆)₈₀Ni₁₀Ti₁₀ alloy the amorphization process took place after 12 h of milling and the amorphous state was stable up to 25 h of milling. In the case of (Cu₄₉Zr₄₄Al₇)₈₀Ni₁₀Ti₁₀ alloy the powders have fully amorphous structure between 12 h and 15 h of milling.