Recent developments in anode materials for lithium batteries

Lithium-ion batteries, preferred for their high energy and power, also present several challenges. Of particular concern are unsafe conditions that can arise in lithium-ion cells that operate with a fully lithiated graphite electrode. If the cells in those batteries are overcharged, especially in large-scale applications, thermal runaway, venting, fire, and explosion could result. This paper examines research into alternative, intermetallic electrode materials.     

Recent developments on anode materials for magnesium-ion batteries:a review

In recent years,there has been significant growth in the demand for secondary batteries,and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in the development of nextgeneration battery systems.Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs) have been recognized as the optimal alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) due to their low cost,superior safety,and environment-friendliness.However,research and development on rechargeable MIBs are still underway as some serious problems need to be resolved.One of the most serious obstacles is the generation of an irreversible passivation layer on the surface of the Mg anode during cycling.In addition to exploring new electrolytes for MIBs,alternative anode materials for MIBs might be an effective solution to this issue.In this review,the composition and working principle of MIBs have been discussed.In addition,recent advances in the area of anode materials(metals and their alloys,metal oxides,and two-dimensional materials) available for MIBs and the corresponding Mg-storage mechanisms have also been summarized.Further,feasible strategies,including structural design,dimension reduction,and introduction of the second phase,have been employed to design high-performance MIB anodes.     

Recent developments in ceramic nanocomposites

Ceramic nanocomposites are drawing considerable interest as processing methods are developed to enable these materials to go from the research laboratory scale to the commercial level. The potential benefits of ceramic nanocomposites can be substantial, but further research is needed. In-depth characterization is also needed in order to understand the novel physical and mechanical properties of these materials. In the literature dealing with mechanical properties, there are still many controversies to be resolved. S. Bhaduri earned her M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Idaho in 1995. She is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Idaho. S.B. Bhaduri earned his Ph.D. in materials science and engineering at the University of New York at Stony Brook in 1981. He is currently an associate professor at the University of Idaho. Dr. Bhaduri is also a member of TMS.     

Recent developments in the application of tin

As a commodity, tin has weathered a severe drop in its market value, and, at present, tin-producing countries are exporting more of the metal than was originally anticipated. Tin is utilized in a variety of significant applications, including: solder, where it has grown at the expense of lead; tinplate for food cans, where the battle between aluminum and steel is still being waged; coatings, where tin-zinc alloys are more corrosion resistant than zinc alone; and chemical production, where tin is used as a flame retardant and stabilizer in polymers. Fluctuations in tin prices would most adversely influence the fledgling chemical market, where the growth opportunities for tin diminish as the metal’s price escalates.     

Recent developments in the treatment of spent potlining

Since potlining has been declared a hazardous waste by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, primary aluminum producers are being faced with regulations that prescribe how spent potlining must be treated before being landfilled. In this respect, cost-efficient processes and methods have been developed during the last several years. These developments are reviewed in this article.     

Recent developments in underwater wet welding

Abstract

Developments in underwater wet welding processes over the past 25 years are reviewed. Shielded metal arc welding with rutile base coated electrodes is still by far the most common wet welding process in use. Research and development of wet welding electrodes has led to improvements in the control of hydrogen content, porosity, chemical composition, and microstructure of the weld metal. Additional work is required to develop welding consumables with improved control over diffusible hydrogen and porosity. Development of techniques such as temper bead welding has allowed successful wet welding repairs on steels having carbon equivalents greater than the traditional limit of 0.40. Alternative wet welding processes such as flux cored arc welding and friction welding are under development, but have yet to become widely accepted.     

Recent developments in the extrusion of helical gears

With an improved die, a method for manufacturing gears by means of tube extrusion has been developed to a stage where, without noticeable wear of the die, 40,000 workpieces can be manufactured. The paper presents a numerical analysis of the stresses and deflection of the die, offering also a comparison between the modified and the conventional symmetric orifice. Based on the results obtained and using recent work on crack prediction for extrusion dies, the area most prone to rupture is determined. Moreover, a concept for the precorrection of the die is offered to improve the tooth quality of the gears.     

Recent developments in low-carbon sheet steels

This overview provides examples of recent areas of research related to physical metallurgy of low-carbon sheet steels. Development of new alloys and microstructures, understanding mechanical behavior in new loading regimes, and understanding microstructure evolution in response to new processing methods are shown to provide continued challenges and opportunity. Ferrous physical metallurgy remains an active and fruitful field of research.     

Recent developments of bending in Japan

Developments and researches concerning bending in Japan during the last ten years can be divided into three major subject matters; bending of plates, bending of pipes and bending of channels. In binding, of plates, the problems of forming pipes from plates by using the U-O method have been treated by practising engineers and researchers, so the forming conditions have been confirmed. On the other hand, new processes to manufacture long tubes or pipes by the successive U-O bending, a method of in-plane bending with rolling and so on, have been proposed. An analysis for bending which has been considered with sharing deformations has been presented too. In bending of pipes, experimental and theoretical researches for plastic bending of pipes have been carried out. In bending of channels, uniform bending and stretch forming for channel products have been researched experimentally and theoretically. In the following chapters, the researches and developments about the above three major subject matters of bending are described in detail.     

Recent developments of shearing in Japan

In this article, leading research and development activities of shearing in Japan are reviewed. Main contents are elucidation of shearing mechanism, theoretical analysis, tool life, burr-free blanking, precision shearing, bar cropping, pipe cutting, slitting, shearing of non-metallic materials, tool making, shearing of extremely thin sheets, etc.     

Recent developments in carbon baking technology

As the aluminum industry strives to improve productivity and efficiency, carbon baking technology is one area receiving attention. With the anode plant accounting for a significant portion of total smelter investment, completely new installations are often out of the question. But the alternative of retrofitting existing carbon baking furnaces can often provide incremental capacity, reduce fuel consumption, and cut unwanted emissions.     

Recent developments in the progress of superalloy 718

Among the commercially available superalloys, 718 stands out as the most dominant alloy in production. Currently, 718 accounts for as much as 45 percent of wrought nickel-based alloy production and 25 percent of cast nickel-based products. As an introduction to the September International Symposium on Superalloys (the program precedes this article), the following focuses on 718’s status in four key areas: clean-melt practice, resistance to low-cycle fatigue, thermomechanical processing, and alloy optimization.     

金属结合剂金刚石砂轮中铝基结合剂性能优化研究

以AlSi₂₀为主元,选择强化铝的常用合金元素Cu、Zn、Mg、Mn等4因素（分别用A、B、C、D表示）,每个因素各取3个水平,制定了L₉（34）正交试验方案。采用热压烧结制备铝基结合剂胎体。通过阿基米德排水法、硬度测试、三点弯曲强度测试、扫描电镜观察断口形貌等方法,研究合金元素对铝基结合剂性能的影响。实验结果表明:添加的合金元素降低AlSi₂₀的烧结温度,促进烧结致密化;合金元素对硬度的影响大小顺序为Mn>Zn>Cu>Mg,对抗弯强度的影响大小顺序为Cu>Mn>Zn>Mg;组合A₁B₂C₂D₂、A₁B₃C₃D₃有高的硬度和抗弯强度,胎体对金刚石包镶紧密;结合剂断裂方式为脆性断裂,可以提高金刚石砂轮的自锐性。