纳米LaFeO_3的微波辅助液相合成及其甲醛敏感性研究

以分析纯La(NO_3)_3、K_3[Fe(CN)_6]为原料,利用微波辅助液相法合成纳米LaFeO_3,并与配合物热分解法进行对比。X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析结果表明,两种方法合成的产物均为正交钙钛矿结构纳米LaFeO_3,但微波辅助有利于减小纳米LaFeO_3的粒径。气敏测试结果表明,微波合成纳米LaFeO_3对所测试气体的响应均显著高于配合物热分解法,在最佳工作温度225℃时对甲醛具有高灵敏度和良好选择性,对100μL/L甲醛的灵敏度高达346.7,即使对10μL/L甲醛也有一定响应。     

Formation of two-layer composite-on-insulator structures based on porous silicon and SnO x . Study of their electrical and gas-sensing properties

The objective of this work is to fabricate and study multilayer “composite-on-insulator” sensor structures based on porous silicon and nonstoichiometric tin oxide. Two-layer structures “macroporous silicon-mesoporous silicon” on single-crystal silicon with sharp geometrical boundaries are grown. Test “composite-on-insulator” structures are fabricated. Oxide on macroporous silicon walls and a buried layer of oxidized mesoporous silicon play the role of the insulator. Nonstoichiometric tin oxide deposited onto the extended surface of oxidized macroporous silicon by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the sensitive layer. The gas sensitivity is studied upon exposure to NO₂ and degassing in air at room temperature. The sensitivity of the por-Si/SnO _x composite structures is higher than the sensitivity of tin-oxide film samples.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of WO3 films on the TiO2 substrates and their photochromic properties

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) films have been prepared on the synthesized TiO₂ substrates from a sodium tungsten precursor via a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were used to investigate the effect of precursor concentrations on the structures and morphologies of the films. Ordered WO₃ films were successfully synthesized on the as-grown TiO₂ substrates. With the concentrations increasing from 0.001 M to 0.024 M, the morphologies of the films changed from multi-layer laminated structure to ladder-shaped lamellar structure finally columnar structure. The results also showed that with an increase in precursor concentration, the observed absorptions at 365 nm of the films increased until precursor concentration of 0.016 M, and then decreased with higher concentration. The film obtained with precursor concentration of 0.016 M on the TiO₂ substrate had the best photochromic properties.     

The highly promotive sensing performance of a single cerium doped SnO2 nanobelt sensor to ethanol

Pure SnO₂ nanobelts and Ce-doped SnO₂ nanobelts were successfully synthesized and their morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition have been characterized by a series of techniques. The results reveal that Ce ions have incorporated into the lattice of SnO₂. The corresponding devices based on single nanobelt are fabricated and their sensitive properties are investigated systemically. The Ce-SnO₂ sensor possesses a great response (8.2) to 100 ppm of ethanol at optimum temperature (230 °C). At the same time, its calculated theoretical detection limit is 78 ppb. The response and recovery time is quite short and air humidity has little effect on the performance of the sensor. In addition, the gas sensing mechanism of Ce-doped SnO₂ is discussed.     

CdTeO3纳米颗粒的制备及其气敏性能

以CdCl2·2.5H2O和碲粉为主要原料,在水相中反应制备CdTe前驱体,将其于500℃煅烧1h得到CdTeO3纳米颗粒。通过XRD、SEM和TEM对其物相和形貌进行了分析;并将其制成了气敏元件,进行气敏性能测试。结果表明:成功合成了单斜晶相的、平均粒径为100nm的CdTeO3纳米颗粒。以该材料制备的气敏元件对体积分数为50×10-6的乙醇有较高的灵敏度(15.1)和选择性。     

HoCoO_3纳米材料的结构改性与气敏性能

利用溶胶–凝胶法成功合成了Cu2+掺杂改性的HoCoO3纳米材料。经X射线粉末衍射(XRD)仪和扫描电镜(SEM)表征后发现,所得HoCoO3纳米材料具有纯相的钙钛矿结构,其晶粒粒径为50~130 nm。将改性及未改性HoCoO3纳米材料分别制成气敏元件,并对其电性能和气敏性能进行对比研究,结果发现Cu2+掺杂可以明显降低HoCoO3气敏元件的电阻,并显著提高其对汽油的灵敏度和选择性。这表明Cu2+掺杂改性的HoCoO3纳米材料将来极有可能成为一种良好的汽油敏感材料。     

Engineering of Facets,Band Structure,and Gas‐Sensing Properties of Hierarchical Sn2+‐Doped SnO2 Nanostructures

Hierarchical SnO₂ nanoflowers, assembled from single‐crystalline SnO₂ nanosheets with high‐index (11$ \bar 3 $ ) and (10$ \bar 2 $ ) facets exposed, are prepared via a hydrothermal method using sodium fluoride as the morphology controlling agent. Formation of the 3D hierarchical architecture comprising of SnO₂ nanosheets takes place via Ostwald ripening mechanism, with the growth orientation regulated by the adsorbate fluorine species. The use of Sn(II) precursor results in simultaneous Sn²⁺ self‐doping of SnO₂ nanoflowers with tunable oxygen vacancy bandgap states. The latter further results in the shifting of semiconductor Fermi levels and extended absorption in the visible spectral range. With increased density of states of Sn²⁺‐doped SnO₂ selective facets, this gives rise to enhanced interfacial charge transfer, that is, high sensing response, and selectivity towards oxidizing NO₂ gas. The better gas sensing performance over (10$ \bar 2 $ ) compared to (11$ \bar 3 $ ) faceted SnO₂ nanostructures is elucidated by surface energetic calculations and Bader analyses. This work highlights the possibility of simultaneous engineering of surface energetics and electronic properties of SnO₂ based materials.     

Effect of Bi doping on structural,morphological, optical and ethanol vapor response properties of SnO2 nanoparticles

The gas sensing behavior of thick films of Bi doped SnO₂ has been investigated towards ethanol vapor. The screen printing technique was used to prepare the thick films. The films were sintered at 650 °C for 2 h. The structural, surface morphological, optical and gas sensing properties of undoped and Bi doped SnO₂ thick films have been studied. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the films consisted exclusively of tetragonal tin oxide, without any impurity phases. FE-SEM studies revealed the formation of highly porous microstructure with grain size in few tens of nanometers. From the optical studies, the band gap was found to be decreased with bismuth doping (3.96 eV for undoped, 3.83 eV, 3.71 eV and 3.6 eV for 1 mol%, 2 mol% and 3 mol% Bi, respectively). The 3 mol % Bi doped SnO₂ thick films exhibited the highest sensitivity to 100 ppm of ethanol vapor at 300 °C. The effect of microstructure on sensitivity, response time and recovery time of the sensor was studied and discussed.     

准分子激光对掺杂SnO2气敏元件性能的影响

一定能量密度的准分子激光作用于掺杂ＳｎＯ２烧结型气敏元件敏感材料表面后，元件性能发生了显著的变化。元件电阻和对气体的灵敏度比作用前有明显的增加，同时材料表面颜色生变化，分析认为该过程中由于短脉冲的准分子激光作用，使ＳｎＯ２材料快速升温熔化并快速冷凝重构，导致表面变性，从而引起了材料电性能和气体敏感性能的变化。     

SnO2纳米线的低温生长及光致发光研究

在550℃下,通过Au-Ag合金助催热蒸发氧化亚锡,制备了25nm的Sn02纳米线.测试了Sn02纳米线的室温光致发光谱,其四个发光峰中,418nm的峰足新发现的峰,它是孪晶纳米线的面缺陷造成的.SnO2纳米线的低温生长机制遵从VLS生长机制,且与5nO粉末的应用有一定的关系.Sn02纳米线的较小尺度与气相因子的低温度低浓度化学反应有关.     

SnO2纳米线的低温生长及光致发光研究

在550℃下,通过Au-Ag合金助催热蒸发氧化亚锡,制备了25nm的Sn02纳米线.测试了Sn02纳米线的室温光致发光谱,其四个发光峰中,418nm的峰足新发现的峰,它是孪晶纳米线的面缺陷造成的.SnO2纳米线的低温生长机制遵从VLS生长机制,且与5nO粉末的应用有一定的关系.Sn02纳米线的较小尺度与气相因子的低温度低浓度化学反应有关.     

V2O5气敏光学薄膜的制备及其光学性能研究

本文介绍了用溶胶凝胶法制备纯Ｖ２Ｏ５二维光学薄膜的方法，并研究了它在氨气氛中的气敏航向光谱，发现对低浓度非常敏感且敏感区可扩展开整个可见光波段。这是一种有实用价值的气敏光纤传感材料。     

介孔SnO_2的制备及气敏性能研究

采用CTAB模板法制备了具有介孔结构的SnO2。通过小角X射线衍射,BET法对其进行了表征。采用静态配气法对介孔SnO2的气敏性能进行了研究。结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,介孔SnO2的比表面积从105.54m2/g降到38.11m2/g。通过延长陈化时间和进一步水热处理可以增加介孔SnO2材料的比表面积。气敏测试表明:在4.5V加热电压下,气敏元件对体积分数为50×10-6酒精蒸气有较好的气敏性能,灵敏度为9.4,响应-恢复时间均为8s。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of Ga-doped In2O3 nanostructure and its structural,optical and photocatalytic properties

In this work, pure and Ga-doped In₂O₃ nanostructures have been synthesized by facile template-free hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological and optical properties are characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, HR-SEM and TEM, EDS, XPS, UV-DRS, and PL techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a pure cubic phase while crystallite size decreases with Ga doping. HR-SEM and TEM observations reveal irregular-shaped and spindle-like nanostructures with enhanced crystallinity and reduction in particle size with Ga doping. XPS spectra reveal the oxidation state of Ga is +3. The energy band gap estimated by UV–vis DRS spectroscopy is found to increase slightly from 3.40 to 3.45 eV with Ga doping. Photoluminescence spectra display violet, blue and green emission peaks are observed during Ga doping concentrations. Photodegradation of Methylene blue dye under ultra violet light radiation is found to double with Ga doping; i.e. 48% for Ga- In₂O₃ compared to 22% for pure In₂O₃.     

Effects of reaction time on the morphological,structural, and gas sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures

Morphological transformation was achieved from ZnO hexagonal needle-like rods to hexagonal flower-like rods by varying the reaction growth time using the hydrothermal method. Optical bandgap energies were calculated from the absorption spectra using UV‐vis spectroscopy. Gas sensing properties of flower-like hexagonal ZnO structures at 50 ppm for ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) at different temperatures were analyzed. The sensor showed a higher response toward C₂H₅OH than NO₂ gas at 350 °C.     

氧化铜纳米棒的水热合成及其气敏性能研究

以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为铜源,氢氧化钠为pH调节剂,CTAB为表面活性剂,在150℃下水热反应24h成功制备出氧化铜纳米棒。通过TEM,XRD对其进行了表征。结果表明:所制得的材料为具有单斜晶系的氧化铜纳米棒,其长度为300～500nm,直径为40～50nm。通过静态配气法,对其在不同工作温度下的气敏性能进行了研究。发现:采用p型氧化铜纳米棒所制得的元件在250℃下,对体积分数为50×10–6的氯气有较好的气敏性能,灵敏度为4.5,响应/恢复时间为8s/40s。     

氧化铟空心球的合成及其气敏性能研究

采用溶剂热–退火反应法合成了氧化铟空心球。所获空心球用XRD,TEM和SEM等表征。发现所合成的氧化铟空心球直径介于0.5~1.0μm,且该空心球是由粒径约50nm的氧化铟纳米块堆积而成。研究了用此空心球制备的气敏元件的气敏性能。结果表明,氧化铟空心球结构有益于提高元件的响应性能。此外,该元件对NO2气体有较快的响应(8s)并且恢复时间较短(15s)。     

Structural,electrical and optical properties of sintered SnO2 pellets

Tin dioxide (SnO₂) powder was prepared by the co-precipitation method using SnCl₂ solution as a precursor. The powder was then pelletized and sintered. Structural characterization of the samples with XRD confirmed that all the pellets were of SnO₂ having polycrystalline nature with the crystallite size of the order of 90 nm. SEM-EDAX was used to confirm the morphology and composition of the samples. The measurements of electrical properties were carried out in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 kHz at various fixed temperatures from 40 °C to 160 °C. The a.c. conductivity and the dielectric constant were found to be dependent on both frequency and temperature. The frequency and temperature dependent conduction properties of SnO₂ are found to be in accordance with correlated barrier hoping model. Infrared and visible spectroscopic studies show that a strong vibration band characteristic of the SnO₂ stretching mode was present at around 620 cm^?1 and the samples exhibited optical transmittance in the visible range.     

Preparation and gas sensitivity of WO3 hollow microspheres and SnO2 doped heterojunction sensors

Dispersed tungsten trioxide (WO₃) microsphere aggregates were prepared by chemical reduction with hydrazine hydrate in a glycol–water system, and the composites of WO₃/tin oxide (SnO₂) with different SnO₂ weight fractions were prepared by microwave refluxing. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The gas-sensing characteristics based on the composites were investigated by a stationary-state gas distribution method. The results show that the noncompact WO₃ microspheres with hollow structure were obtained. The phase composition and the morphology of WO₃ were changed by SnO₂ doping. The heterojunction structure was formed between WO₃ and SnO₂, and the heterojunction sensors have high sensitivity to H₂S, NO_X, and xylene at relatively lower operating temperature, especially the sensor doped by 3% SnO₂ operating just at 90 °C for H₂S gas.     

电纺SnO2纳米纤维的制备及其气敏特性

采用聚乙烯醇（PVA，Mw=80000g/mol）和五水合四氯化锡（SnCl4.5H2O）作为静电纺丝前驱液，着重研究了纺丝电压、前驱液中PVA浓度及煅烧温度等因素对纺丝过程及纤维特性的影响，并用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等分析手段对纤维的微观结构、表面形貌和结晶状态进行了表征。结果表明，当纺丝电压为4kV、纺丝液中PVA质量分数为7%、退火温度为700℃时，可以得到平均直径为300nm的连续SnO2纳米纤维。该纤维对乙醇的响应恢复时间小于15s，检测极限低于10×10^-9。