Microstructure and texture evolution during cold rolling and annealing of a high Mn TWIP steel

The microstructure during cold rolling and annealing of a low-stacking fault energy austenitic Fe–Mn–C alloy was studied by means of electron microscopy. The contribution of both slip and microtwinning to the development of a brass-type cold-rolling texture was illustrated. During subsequent recrystallization annealing, a retained rolling texture was observed. It was shown that the mechanism behind this phenomenon was based on the nucleation and growth of the recrystallized state without preferred orientation in an energetically relatively homogeneous microstructure.     

Microstructure,texture and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In order to better understand the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel, the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution of ferritic stainless steel (hot rolled sheet, cold rolled sheet and annealing sheet) with 11 wt%Cr content were studied using X-ray diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction technique. The texture of the hot and cold rolled sheets has a through-thickness texture gradient. In the center layer of the hot and cold rolling sheet, α-fiber texture was observed which was attributed to ideal plane strain deformation. Close to the surface a Gross orientation was detected which was attributed to shear deformation. During annealing, the γ-fiber was formed attributed to recrystallization process. The microstructure of the hot and cold rolled sheets was non-homogeneous through the sheet thickness, while, the microstructure of annealing sheets was homogeneous through the sheet thickness. Grain boundaries character distribution results show that there are many low angle grain boundaries in hot and cold rolled sheets and many high angle grain boundaries and coincidence site lattice after annealing. The above results indicated that the changes in texture are closely related to the grain boundaries type.     

剪切模式下Ti-1300合金组织及织构演变规律

通过光学显微镜(OM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等检测方法,研究等通道转角挤压变形后Ti-1300合金的组织与性能。研究结果表明:Ti-1300合金经过ECAP变形,发生晶粒转动、晶内多系滑移以及晶界处螺型位错与刃型位错的混合位错交错排列的协调作用,致使晶界不能破碎,原始晶界清晰可见,晶内出现大量的相互交错的剪切滑移带,显微组织中存在大量平行细密的板条组织以及位错团、位错胞,位错密度增大,但在整个ECAP变形过程中并未产生形变诱导ω或α″相。织构分析结果表明ECAP变形过程中Ti-1300合金初始(110)■织构逐渐转变为α织构,并形成D织构及立方织构。     

挤压镁合金AZ31的压缩过程中的组织及织构演化

对常规挤压态镁合金AZ31压缩过程的组织及织构演化进行了扫描电镜-电子背散射衍射(SEM-EBSD)原位观察。结果表明材料的初始组织为等轴晶,晶粒的平均尺寸为76微米,晶粒内部未发现形变孪晶。材料的初始织构类型为典型的{11-20}丝织构,即大多数晶粒的<11-20>晶向平行于棒材的挤压方向(ED)。在压缩过程中,多数晶粒内部开始出现拉伸孪晶,随着压缩应变的增加,孪晶片层不断增厚,导致晶内的孪晶合并成大的孪晶并占据晶粒内部的大部分区域进而使孪晶的体积分数不断增加。随着压缩压缩应变的增加初始丝织构不断减弱并有新的基面织构形成。实验表明压缩过程中的{10-12}<10-11>孪生而非滑移是引起压缩过程中织构演化的主要原因。     

Microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during rolling

The production of magnesium alloy sheets normally involves several processing stages including hot rolling,cold rolling and intermediate annealing.The microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in different processing states were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.It is found that the microstructure of hot-rolled sheets is dominated by recrystallized equiaxed grains,while that of cold-rolled sheets is dominated by deformation twins.With final annea...     

Microstructure and texture evolution of 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compressing deformation

Microstructure and texture in 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compression were researched with a uni- axial compression experiment. Through the electron back- scattered diffraction （EBSD） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis technology, it is shown that the subgrain nucle- ation and recrystallization occur in 6016 aluminum alloy during hot compressing, and strong rolling textures such as （110） fiber texture, Brass, S, and Goss form. With the deformation passes increasing, （110） fiber texture, Brass and S are enhanced. In the heat preservation stage after deformation, recrystallization continues until heat preser- vation for 60 s, and a duplex microstructure of deformation and recrystallization grains is built. At the beginning of heat preservation, recrystallization grains with the Goss texture and random orientation are formed in original grains with S or Brass texture, which makes the volume fraction of S and Brass texture decrease. Then, the complex grain growth process makes the volume fraction of Brass, S, and Goss texture increase, while that of random orien- tation decrease.     

CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金单向拉伸的组织和取向演变

采用电子背散射衍射技术,研究了室温下CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金在单向拉伸(真应变量为0%~12.4%)过程中的组织和取向演变。结果表明,初始组织表现为等轴晶形貌,退火孪晶形成于等轴晶粒内;拉伸后,等轴晶粒被拉长,小角度晶界急剧增多且主要分布在细小孪晶界和大角度晶界附近。该合金通过位错滑移的方式协调其室温下的拉伸变形。在变形过程中,晶粒取向不均匀转动,但晶粒内基体和孪晶的取向大体上沿着相同的方向转动,基体拉伸轴的转动规律为,反极图112和111附近的基体拉伸轴向111方向转动,符合Taylor模型;反极图中心和101附近的基体拉伸轴向001-111连线转动,符合Sachs模型;反极图001附近的基体拉伸轴转动无明显规律。     

Microstructure and texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel: Effects of die angle and processing route

Die angle (Φ) and processing route are two important factors that greatly impact microstructure and texture developments during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). In this study, the microstructure and texture evolution in interstitial-free steel during ECAE using a Φ = 120° die are investigated for up to four passes via three routes (A, B_C and C). Finite element simulations and polycrystal modeling using the Taylor and viscoplastic self-consistent models are conducted to help understand deformation behavior and texture formation. Transmission electron microscopy results reveal remarkable microstructural differences between various observation planes for each billet. The effects of Φ and processing route are discussed by comparing the current results with those for the same material processed via the same routes but using a Φ = 90° die. The efficiency of grain refinement is found to be only mildly dependent on Φ and processing route. The textures can be completely characterized by predefined ideal fibers, regardless of processing route and pass number. With the exception of even-numbered passes in route C, textures developed after the same route and pass number, but different Φ can be approximately related by a rotation about the axis normal to the flow plane and the rotation angle is half of the Φ difference.     

中碳钢在控冷过程中的组织演变

用热模拟单向压缩试验法研究了中碳钢经控轧后在在线控冷过程中的组织演变过程.结果表明,控制轧制产生的组织形貌为随后的控制冷却提供了组织准备并且提高了共析转变温度,显微硬度在控冷过程中不断下降,其性能最终可满足冷镦要求,从而省去了传统工艺的离线球化退火,简化生产工艺和节能降耗的效果显著.     

低碳钢板冷轧退火组织和织构

分别采用基于薄板坯连铸连轧(CSP)工艺和传统热连轧工艺条件下的低碳钢板作为冷轧基料,在实验室模拟现场工艺进行了冷轧和退火。通过金相观察和X射线衍射织构分析,比较了两种工艺下低碳钢板的组织和织构演变的规律。结果表明:两种试样冷轧后α取向线上显著增加的织构有较大的区别,CSP工艺下是{001}〈110〉,而传统工艺下是{112}〈110〉;在同样的冷轧及退火工艺条件下,CSP条件下的钢板在退火过程中发生再结晶需要的温度更高,时间更长;对于CSP钢板,退火对γ取向线的影响要大于冷轧对其的影响,而对于传统热连轧钢板,冷轧和退火过程对γ取向线都有比较大的影响。     

高温时效2205双相不锈钢中的组织转变

分别对铸态和热轧态2205双相不锈钢在不同温度950、1000、1050、1100、1150和1200℃保温10min和60min进行时效处理,通过定量金相,铁素体仪,EBSD等实验技术手段分析了双相不锈钢2205的相组成随时效时间和温度的变化情况。结果表明,2205双相不锈钢在950℃时效60min后组织中存在σ相;随着时效温度的升高,铁素体的含量逐渐增加;随着时效时间的延长,铁素体的含量逐渐减少。     

粗晶Mg-Gd-Y-Zr热轧板材高速超塑性变形中的微观结构与织构演变(英文)

研究Mg-Gd-Y-Zr热轧板高速超塑性变形过程中的微观结构与织构演变。在应变速率0.01s-1、变形温度400-500℃的条件下,高温拉伸获得伸长率为180%-266%。变形后的微观结构采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜进行表征;变形后的晶体取向信息采用宏观织构测试分析获得。研究结果表明:高速超塑性是通过动态再结晶协调下的第一类位错蠕变来实现的。合金变形前在435℃预热600s后,观察到了孪晶诱发的再结晶现象;当变形量为80%时,初始的晶粒细化导致均匀的动态再结晶组织。动态再结晶与动态析出的交互作用使得较细的晶粒与较高密度的第二相粒子相伴存在;尽管发生动态再结晶,宏观织构的演变依然表现出基面滑移与柱面滑移导致的晶体转动特征。     

Microstructure and texture evolution during annealing a cryogenic-SPD processed Al-alloy with a nanoscale lamellar HAGB grain structure

The grain structure and texture evolution during annealing a Al–0.13% Mg submicron-grained alloy, deformed by plane-strain compression (PSC) at cryogenic temperatures, has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. After deformation the alloy contained a lamellar grain structure with a high-angle grain boundary (HAGB) spacing of 190 nm and an area fraction of ～80%. On annealing the grain structure coarsened and transformed from lamellar to equiaxed. Remarkably, the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) progressively increased during annealing, to ～50% above 300 °C, leading to instability and discontinuous recrystallization at higher temperatures. This resulted in a “bimodal grain structure” comprised of bands of coarser grains and fine subgrains, arising as a result of the increase in proportion of lower-mobility LAGBs. The surprisingly large increase in LAGB fraction on annealing is shown to be related to orientation impingement, originating from the strong texture present after PSC in liquid nitrogen.     

Effect of initial microstructure on strain-stress partitioning and void formation in DP980 steel during uniaxial tension

Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to capture the effect of the initial microstructure on strain-stress partitioning and void formation in DP980 steel during uniaxial tension. By using the technique of direct mapping of a filtered microstructure into finite element meshes, FEA can capture the heterogeneity of strain-stress partitioning in DP980 steel through the thickness direction during uniaxial tension. The damage characteristics were studied through scanning electron microscope observations of polished sections of failed tensile specimens. FEA was also used to reveal the effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the hot spots for void formation during uniaxial tension.     

大应变热轧过程中AZ31镁合金显微组织及织构的演变(英文)

在823 K下对工业用AZ31镁合金板材进行约70%压下量的单道次轧制实验。结果表明,细小的再结晶晶粒不仅分布在轧制板材的剪切带中,同时还存在于板材的表面。剪切带中再结晶晶粒尺寸在0.4~1μm之间。晶粒的显著细化主要来源于流变应力集中过程中所产生的动态再结晶。板材中部的织构为基面织构,织构强度在轧制变形前后未发生明显改变;然而,经过轧制后板材表面织构转变成双峰织构,基面沿板材横向发生倾转。双峰织构的相对强度为26.6,明显高于板材中部织构强度。变形应变的分配差异是板材内部不均匀再结晶及织构差异的主要原因。     

20CrMnTiH钢热压缩微观组织演变及动态再结晶模型

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对20CrMnTiH在温度为950℃~1 150℃、应变速率为0.01s~5s-1、变形量为60%条件下进行等温压缩实验,研究热压缩变形过程中变形温度和应变速率对材料流变应力和微观组织演变的影响规律。在对实验数据回归分析的基础上,建立20CrMnTiH动态再结晶模型;将建立的材料模型导入有限元软件DEFORM-3D中,模拟热压缩过程中的动态再结晶。结果表明,升高变形温度和降低应变速率均有利于20CrMnTiH发生动态再结晶,变形后再结晶晶粒尺寸增大,且动态再结晶体积分数增加;模拟结果与实验结果吻合。     

冷轧板再结晶退火中组织和织构演变的研究

薄板坯连铸连轧(CSP)热轧板料经热处理来适当调整组织后进行冷轧及退火,并运用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了再结晶退火中组织和织构的演变.结果表明:发生再结晶的温度范围是530℃～590℃,590℃为完全再结晶温度;再结晶发生时冷轧变形基体和新晶粒取向的晶界角度差大约为25°～55°;{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉取向在再结晶初期和中期发生很大的变化,而{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉取向在再结晶后期才发生很大的变化;EBSD检测的结果分析可得{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉、{111}面取向储存的变形能依次增加.     

半固态T12钢局部重熔组织的演变

对半固态高碳工具钢T12坯料在不同温度、不同保温时间下局部重熔后的组织演变进行了研究。结果表明,半固态T12钢坯料具有非枝晶和近球形的显微结构。半固态坯料局部重熔时,随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸和圆整度都有所提高;局部重熔温度越高,保温时间越长,形状因子值越大、越接近1。     

Microstructure and texture evolution of Ti-Nb-Si based alloys for biomedical applications

Microstructure and texture of Ti-Nb-Si based alloys, prepared by water quenching from β-phase field, cold rolling and recrystallization heat treatment followed by water quenching, were investigated in terms of optical microstructure and analysis of X-ray pole figure result.In as-quenched sample, relatively random distribution of pole figure was detected without showing a specific texture component.In as-cold rolled sample, however, it is found well-developed several texture components consisting of rotated cube, α-fiber and γ-fiber texture components which are frequently observed in bcc-structured metals and alloys were found.Therefore, texture components developed in the present alloys are closely related to the deformation of β-phase even though small amount of α″ phase co-exist in the microstructure.In recrystallized sample, α-fiber texture component is weakly detected while the other texture components, rotated cube and γ-fiber components, appears to be relatively unchanged.No additional texture components were detected besides those texture components observed in the cold rolled samples.