氯化乙丙橡胶增容PVC/SBS共混体系的研究

以氯化乙丙橡胶(CEPDM)为相容剂,研究了SBS对PVC的共混增韧改性。结果表明CEPDM能明显改善SBS与PVC的相容性,使共混物中SBS颗粒尺寸明显减小,分布更均匀,共混物的t_g内移,常温和低温下缺口冲击强度增大。当PVC/SBS/CEPDM为80/20/6(质量比)时,共混物的常温缺口冲击强度为56.3kJ/m~2,低温(-20℃)缺口冲击强度为32.4kJ/m~2。     

PVC/MBS共混物的断裂研究

采用吴康理论(Vu-Khanh-plot)与扫描电子显微镜照片、冲击强度测试数据相结合,研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(MBS)三元共聚物的裂纹引发断裂能(Gi)与冲击强度的关系.随着增韧剂MBS含量的增加, PVC/MBS共混物的冲击强度提高, Gi由纯PVC的0.32 kJ/m2增加到4.06 kJ/m2.同时, Gi和冲击强度也随MBS粒径的增大而增大.因此, PVC/MBS共混体系的冲击强度随着Gi的增加而增大.     

SEBS对PP耐辐射性能的影响

以共聚医用聚丙烯(PP)为基材,用氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)对其进行增韧改性,研究了在γ射线辐射下,SEBS对PP耐辐射性能的影响。材料的耐辐射性能通过辐射前后力学性能的变化来评价。研究结果表明:PP基材经过40 kGy辐射后,其断裂伸长率和冲击强度明显降低,分别从651．2％和4．35 kJ／m2下降到 189．8％和3．01 kJ／m2;SEBS的加入可以显著提高PP的耐辐射性能;不同配比的PP／SEBS体系,其耐辐射性能和后期效应不同,PP／SEBS质量配比为90:10时,共混物的耐辐射性能最佳,材料的综合性能可以满足实际应用需求。     

高抗冲抗静电聚碳酸酯复合材料的研制

以导电炭黑、聚碳酸酯(PC)和苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)作为基体材料,通过熔融共混的方法制备了高抗冲抗静电复合材料.研究了炭黑类型、炭黑用量、基体树脂组成对电性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,以高结构性的导电炭黑CB3000为导电填料,PC/SEBS在80/20质量比时,能够获得电性能和力学性能俱佳的复合材料.PC/SEBS/CB3000(90/10/3.5)体系在保持导电性能的同时实现了脆韧转变,缺口冲击强度达到50 kJ/m<'2.经扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,双连续结构的形成是PC/SEBS/CB复合材料实现脆韧转变的主要原因.     

HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的制备

采用直接共混法和母料共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)/八异丁基笼形倍半硅氧烷(oib-POSS)复合材料。结果表明:oib-POSS可提高HDPE/SEBS的耐热性,其添加方式对HDPE/SEBS的耐热性影响不大;oib-POSS对HDPE的结晶温度与熔点影响较小,但结晶度随着oib-POSS用量的增加先上升后下降;采用母料共混法制备的HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的力学性能明显优于HDPE/SEBS以及采用直接共混法制备的HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料。当w(oib-POSS)为4%时,HDPE/SEBS/oib-POSS复合材料的综合性能最佳,拉伸强度与悬臂梁缺口冲击强度较HDPE/SEBS分别提高了13.82%,65.38%。     

高剪切应力对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响

研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的机械剪切应力和挤出温度对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/丁腈橡胶（ABS/NBR）共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进NBR颗粒的分散,提高界面结合力,提高共混物的力学性能。在220 ℃的挤出温度下,当螺杆转速由240 r/min提高至1200 r/min时,ABS/NBR（90/10）共混物的缺口冲击强度由22.1 kJ/m2提高至28.8 kJ/m2,,提高了30 %。双螺杆挤出机的熔融挤出温度对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响存在最佳值。     

氯化聚乙烯对ABS/PVC合金性能的影响

以氯化聚乙烯(CPE)为增韧剂,用双螺杆挤出机共混制备丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)/聚氯乙烯(PVC)合金。研究了PVC及CPE用量对ABS/PVC合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、维卡软化温度、氧指数和熔体流动性的影响。结果表明,随着PVC用量的增加,ABS/PVC合金的拉伸强度略有增加,弯曲强度基本不变,冲击强度呈现先略增加然后显著降低的趋势,维卡软化温度降低,氧指数增加;随着CPE用量增加,ABS/PVC合金的缺口冲击强度增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度降低,氧指数和维卡软化温度变化很小,当ABS/PVC/CPE为40/60/15时,合金的拉伸强度为39.8 MPa、弯曲强度为60.8 MPa、缺口冲击强度为18.3 kJ/m2,氧指数为29.7%。     

接枝率对PVC/PA6-g-SMA共混物结构与性能的影响

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）与不同接枝率苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA）接枝改性聚酰胺6（PA6-g-SMA）的共混物,研究了PA6-g-SMA接枝率对PVC/PA6-g-SMA共混物力学性能及凝聚态结构的影响。结果表明,接枝率越高,PA6-g-SMA与PVC的相容性越好,在PVC基体中能以更小的相畴均匀分散,对PVC的增韧增强作用越明显;当PA6-g-SMA的接枝率为5.12 %,添加量为15 ％（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的冲击强度为64.7 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为55 MPa。     

POE-g-MAS增韧SAN树脂及其相容性

合成了乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-苯乙烯的接枝共聚物(POE-g-MAS).用POE-g-MAS与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)树脂共混制备了具有高抗冲击性能的SAN,POE-g-MAS共混物,研究了接枝链极性、接枝率和POE含量对共混物冲击性能的影响,当m(St)/m(MMA)/m(An)为10:70:20,接枝率为45.1%,w(POE)为25%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度达到56.1kJ/m2.用扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热仪研究表明,POE-g-MAS与SAN树脂有良好的相容性.     

PC/SEBS/CB抗静电复合物的加工方式研究

以聚碳酸酯（PC）／苯乙烯-乙烯／丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SEBS）共混物为基体材料,以导电炭黑（CB）为填料,通过熔融共混的方法制备了高抗冲抗静电复合材料。研究了PC／SEBS／CB一步挤出、分别以PC／CB和SEBS／CB为母粒两步挤出三种不同加工方式对复合物电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用母粒两步挤出的加工方式能够使PC／SEBS（质量比80／20）的发生渗滤转变时所需的炭黑质量分数从3．2％降低至2．1％;采用SEBS／CB母粒两步挤出时,添加质量分数20％的SEBS和质量分数3．5％的CB,能够获得电性能和力学性能俱佳的复合材料,缺口冲击强度达到63kJ／m^2,断裂伸长率保持在115％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.